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This conference proceedings examines private pension reform in OECD countries, covering regulatory and supervisory issues, benefits, and system structure and coverage.
The report highlights the major events of the Organisation in 1999, provides a clear picture of its achievements and looks forward to the year in progress. Special features on important aspects of OECD’s work are interspersed throughout the report to enrich and enliven it for the reader.
The present evaluation report assesses the progress made in the implementation of the ACN Work Programme 2016-2019. I
This toolkit, developed by policy makers and industry experts, provides a framework aimed at tackling spam using a broad, multi-disciplinary range of instruments including regulation and enforcement, industry initiatives, technical measures, education and awareness initiatives, co-operative partnerships, spam metrics, and global cooperation.
The 2019 Egyptian National Artificial Intelligence (AI) Strategy is a key catalyst for digital transformation in Egypt and supports the country’s sustainable development agenda. As North Africa’s biggest economy, Egypt faces a challenging economic and demographic context, including high inflation and a high youth unemployment rate. As the first Arab and African country to adhere to the OECD Recommendation on Artificial Intelligence in 2021, Egypt has made progress in implementing the OECD AI Principles. This country review explores the state of implementation of the OECD AI Principles in Egypt by providing a mapping of Egypt’s AI governance and policy implementation through gap analysis, comparative analysis, and benchmarking. It highlights key findings and recommendations to strengthen Egypt’s AI ecosystem and facilitate the development of inclusive, responsible, and human-centric AI policies and practices that support Egypt’s development agenda and stand the test of time.
This report provides an international benchmarking of Germany’s artificial intelligence (AI) ecosystem and discusses progress in implementing its national AI strategy. The report draws on quantitative and qualitative data and insights from the OECD.AI Policy Observatory and from the OECD Programme on AI in Work, Innovation, Productivity and Skills (AI-WIPS) – an OECD research programme financed by the German Federal Government – and results from a series of interviews with a wide range of stakeholders in Germany. The review discusses Germany’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and challenges in AI, and provides recommendations to steer AI policy in Germany in the coming years. The evidence is presented according to the core focus areas outlined in Germany’s national AI strategy, which include: 1) minds; 2) research; 3) transfer and applications; 4) the world of work; 5) policy and regulatory frameworks; and 6) society. Furthermore, the report discusses AI infrastructure and it includes three sector spotlights on AI in the public sector, AI and environmental sustainability and AI and healthcare.
This report identifies competition enforcement trends based on analysis of data from 16 OECD and non-OECD jurisdictions in the Asia-Pacific region from 2015 to 2020. It presents key elements of their institutional approaches to competition enforcement, and a unique analysis of their resources and enforcement activities. The report also includes general competition statistics while looking more closely at the different types of existing merger control regimes, including merger control activity and the use of economics in merger review. Finally, it focuses on the use of economics as an increasingly important analytical framework for competition cases, and outlines to what extent and how this framework has been implemented in Asia-Pacific, more information at https://www.oecd.org/daf/competition/oecd-asia-pacific-competition-law-enforcement-trends.htm.
Trends in bank profitability and factors affecting it are major indicators of changes in the state of health of national banking systems. This publication provides information on financial statements of banks in OECD member countries. The coverage of banks is not the same in each country, though the objective is to include all institutions that conduct ordinary banking business, namely institutions which primarily take deposits from the public at large and provide finance for a wide range of purposes. Some information on the number of reporting banks, their branches and staff is also included, as well as structural information regarding the whole financial sector. Moreover, ratios, based on various items of the financial statements of banks in percentage of some specific aggregates, are supplied to facilitate the analysis of trends in bank profitability of OECD countries.
Trends in bank profitability and factors affecting it are major indicators of changes in the state of health of national banking systems. This publication complements Banking Statistics: Financial Statements of Banks 2010 which provides a unique tool for analysing developments in bank profitability in OECD countries. In addition to information on financial statements of banks in OECD countries, it includes data on the number of reporting banks, their branches and staff, structural information on the whole financial sector and ratios aiming at facilitating the analysis of bank profitability of OECD countries.
The methodological country notes included in this volume were prepared to facilitate the comprehension and the interpretation of the statistics and to provide a brief description of the activities of banks in each country.
Recording comprehensive, comparable and up-to-date statistics on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is a prerequisite for economic analysis and policy making. The Third Edition of the OECD Benchmark Definition, fully consistent with the IMF Balance of Payments Manual, Fifth Edition, provides operational guidance on how FDI data should be compiled to meet internationally agreed standards. It reviews the main statistical concepts and definitions of FDI, the valuation of FDI flows and stocks, and issues related to specific transactions and entities. Practical solutions are proposed and concrete examples are used wherever possible.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a major driver of globalisation. The OECD Benchmark Definition of Foreign Direct Investment sets the world standard for FDI statistics. It provides a single point of reference for statisticians and users on all aspect of FDI statistics, while remaining compatible with other internationally accepted statistical standards. This edition introduces new analytical data breakdowns and statistical treatments that better reflect the realities of today’s world economy. The revised Benchmark Definition provides methods for classifying different types of FDI (e.g., mergers and acquisitions, greenfield investments) and for identifying the ultimate investor. The new edition now addresses the uses of FDI statistics, including globalisation indicators, and provides a chapter relating to the statistics on the activities of multinational enterprises.