Why do financial markets see so little risk, while companies that invest in the real economy appear to be much more prudent? How will we fund future pensions when interest on the products that finance them are so low? Where will the trillions of...

This issue of the OECD Journal on Budgeting includes articles on A Theoretical Framework for Spending Reviews; Health Budgeting in Peru; The EU Budget and the European Refugee Crisis; and Budgeting for a Sustainable Future: Towards a Roadmap of...

This paper reviews alleged societal benefits and costs of International Investment Agreements (IIAs) as suggested by academia, governments, business and civil society. It sets out the wide range of issues that diverse actors have proposed in the...

This paper analyses the reform of Switzerland’s agricultural policy framework, which reoriented subsidies to better target policy objectives, including for biodiversity. The paper outline the process involved in designing and implementing the reform...

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) flows record the value of cross-border transactions related to direct investment during a given period of time, usually a quarter or a year with the objective of obtaining a lasting interest in an enterprise resident...