Philippines

Au cours de ces 30 dernières années, les problèmes du bien-être et des droits humains rencontrés dans le cadre du programme pour l’emploi à l’étranger des Philippines ont exercé une pression croissante sur les pouvoirs publics afin que ceux-ci prennent des mesures concrètes pour veiller à ce que les travailleurs philippins expatriés bénéficient d’une protection adéquate dans leur pays d’accueil. L’une des méthodes par lesquelles le...

Over the last 30 years, the welfare and human rights issues confronting the overseas employment programme of the Philippines have increasingly put pressure on government to take concrete steps to ensure that overseas Filipino workers are adequately protected in their countries of destination. One of the ways in which the Philippines has tried to overcome the disadvantages experienced by Filipino workers abroad and to promote their...

The Philippines was immediately affected by the fi nancial crisis in Asia in 1997, but to a less severe degree than other parts of the region – economic growth returned by 1999. Overall, the Philippines experienced robust growth in GDP (30 per cent) over the period 1995-2002. However, the country has also had strong population growth: the population aged 5-14 years grew by 15 per cent, the greatest increase in WEI countries. This puts pressure on the education system to increase student numbers at all levels.

The Philippine Overseas Employment Program (OEP) was institutionalised in 1974 with the enactment of the Philippine Labor Code. Regarded as a temporary programme or a stop-gap economic measure to address the high unemployment rate during the Marcos era, the programme eventually became an important fixture of national policy because of the recognition of the role of international labour markets in containing the problem of local unemployment.

Le Programme philippin pour l’emploi à l’étranger (OEP) a été institutionnalisé en 1974 avec la promulgation du Code du travail philippin. Considéré comme un programme temporaire ou comme un palliatif économique face au taux de chômage élevé qui sévissait sous le régime Marcos, il a fini par devenir un instrument important de politique nationale quand on a pris conscience du rôle des marchés du travail internationaux dans la lutte contre le chômage local.

This chapter first highlights the particular risk-exposure of the Philippines to disasters and calamities. It then provides an overview of the Philippine Disaster Management System, of the comprehensive emergency management framework and of the funding mechanism of these disaster management programs. It also presents a project for a risk transfer scheme to cope with natural disasters.

The legal framework for insolvency in the Philippines is characterised by few and far-between landmarks, starting with the antiquated Insolvency Law of 1909. This law dealt simply with suspension of payments and the liquidation process.

The Metagora pilot survey in the Philippines focused on indigenous peoples’ rights. It was designed, prepared and carried out through a vigorous participatory process, leading to one of Metagora’s strongest and most inclusive national structures (see box below).

This chapter can be broken down into two parts. The first part considers policy challenges in the Philippines, taking a look at recent economic development and describing major policy initiatives and their effects. The second part discusses the rationale for peer reviews in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), briefly assesses their benefits, then looks at their future.

This chapter is aimed at taking stock of the current institutional approaches to the financial management of large-scale catastrophes in selected OECD and non-member countries. It is largely based on the elaboration of data provided by several countries that responded to an OECD questionnaire survey.

In 1987, the government of the Philippines introduced a Constitution that affirms equality for all citizens. Still, significant gender imbalances remain. Customary laws that discriminate against women prevail, particularly in rural areas where girls and boys have unequal access to education, and men and women have different employment opportunities. In the cities, government agencies are slowly recognising women’s rights and granting them legal authority to exercise those rights, especially in concluding contracts, and owning land or property.

L’expérience Métagora aux Philippines s’est focalisée sur les droits de la population indigène. Le processus participatif très dynamique qui a présidé à la conception, la préparation et la réalisation de l’enquête pilote a permis de mettre sur pied l’une des structures nationales du projet Métagora les plus solides et représentatives (voir encadré ci-dessous).

This profile offers a general overview of the Philippine system of budgeting at national level. Special characteristics of the Philippine budget process are examined, such as a commitment to fiscal discipline and the national planning function. The three steps of the annual budget formulation cycle are described: the development of economic assumptions and revenue forecasts; the use of a medium-term expenditure framework to assess the continuing costs of existing programmes; and identifying the resultant “fiscal space” through the Paper on Budget Strategy. The process for allocating resources is then described, including the “Budget Call”, the submission and review of proposals, the role of the central ministry and the line ministries, and finally the role of Congress, constitutional restrictions, and the nature of executive-legislative relations.

The Philippine legal system is based on Spanish and Anglo-American law and thus has both civil and common law influences. The Philippines has been a State Party to UNCAC since 8 November 2006. Its criminal bribery offences were externally reviewed under the UNCAC’s Pilot Review Programme. The Philippines has been a member of the APG since 1997.