Divided Cities
Understanding Intra-urban Inequalities
This report provides an assessment of spatial inequalities and segregation in cities and metropolitan areas from multiple perspectives. The chapters in the report focus on a subset of OECD countries and non-member economies, and provide new insights on cross-cutting issues for city neighbourhooods, such as the patterns of segregation across income groups, migrant concentration and diversity across cities of different sizes, the role of public transport accessibility in widening intra-city inequalities, and the expected path dependency on outcomes related to segregation. The report also discusses methodological alternatives for measuring different dimensions of inequality and segregation across cities, and highlights the role of public policies in bridging urban divides and the relevance of the scale of analysis in order to make sound international comparisons.
Income Segregation in Brazilian Cities: The role of vertical neighbourhoods
This chapter investigates the role of vertical neighbourhoods in explaining income segregation at the bottom and top of the income distribution for 100 urban agglomerations in Brazil in 2000 and 2010. Income segregation is measured using rank-order income segregation measures for different neighbourhood definitions and income percentiles. An econometric model of income segregation is fitted for income segregation measures at the bottom and top of the income distribution against a new measure that aims to capture the isolation of apartment dwellers to other type of dwellers. The results show that this measure is significant in explaining the segregation of those at the top of the income distribution but not of those at the bottom.