Although the post-COVID‑19 recovery will afford the opportunity to introduce reforms that address high levels of inequality, implementation will require widespread support from the public. To better understand what factors drive public support, the report conducts a detailed cross-country analysis of people’s perceptions of and concern about inequality of outcomes and opportunities. It documents how concern over income disparities have risen in OECD countries over time, mirroring the rise of income inequality measured by conventional indicators like those derived from household statistics. In most countries a large majority of the population now believes that income disparities are too wide and that intergenerational mobility is weak. Yet, sufficient support for inequality-reducing policies may not materialise if people fail to agree on concrete policy options or doubt their effectiveness. Moreover, even when the majority demands more equality, a strongly divided public opinion complicates the introduction of reforms. Indeed, the report highlights how people within the same country are often divided over whether inequality is too great and, if so, what governments should do to address the challenge. This chapter also looks at how the findings from analyses of perceptions and concern can inform policy making.