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This report provides recommendations to leverage the full potential of Coahuila’s Local Anti-corruption System by identifying weaknesses and areas for improvement. It provides a comprehensive assessment of the state’s integrity system, analyses efforts made to build a culture of integrity in the state public administration, as well as the extent to which Coahuila’s internal control and transparency mechanisms enable effective accountability. Furthermore, the Review focuses on an activity prone to corruption, public procurement. In particular, the report emphasises the risk of implementation gaps, which will need to be addressed to result in real impact for the economy and society. If effective, Coahuila’s Local Anti-corruption System has the potential to substantially transform the anti-corruption architecture of the State Government.
This report provides an analytical framework for studying integrity in trade, combining insights from OECD work on trade facilitation, responsible business conduct and integrity in customs. It provides data and evidence supporting the view that trade facilitation and integrity are mutually supportive objectives, and suggests measures to effectively tackle corrupt practices affecting global supply chains.
This report applies the PAFER to Mexico’s National Hydrocarbons Commission and assesses its functions, practices and behaviour. It focuses on internal governance, including structures and processes for decision making, managing financial resources, attracting and retaining talent, managing data and assessing performance. The review identifies a number of challenges and opportunities for improvement, and is a companion to reviews of the internal governance of two other Mexican energy regulators, the Agency for Safety, Energy and Environment and the Energy Regulatory Commission, and the review of the external governance of the country’s energy sector, Driving Peformance of Mexico’s Energy Regulators.
Este informe aplica el PAFER a la Comisión Nacional de Hidrocarburos (CNH) de México y evalúa sus funciones, sus prácticas y su comportamiento. El análisis se centra en la gobernanza interna e incluye las estructuras y procesos empleados para tomar decisiones, gestionar recursos financieros, atraer y retener talentos, gestionar datos y evaluar el desempeño. El informe identifica retos y oportunidades para la mejora y es complementario de los estudios de la gobernanza interna de otros dos órganos reguladores en materia energética, la Agencia de Seguridad, Energía y Ambiente (ASEA) y la Comisión Reguladora de Energía (CRE), así como el estudio de la gobernanza externa del sector energético del país, Impulsando el desempeño de los órganos reguladores en materia energética de México.
The publication Revenue Statistics in Africa is jointly undertaken by the OECD Centre for Tax Policy and Administration and the OECD Development Centre, the African Union Commission (AUC) and the African Tax Administration Forum (ATAF) with funding by the European Union. It compiles comparable tax revenue and non-tax revenue statistics for 16 countries in Africa: Cabo Verde, Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Kenya, Mauritius, Morocco, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, South Africa, Swaziland, Togo, Tunisia and Uganda. The model is the OECD Revenue Statistics database which is a fundamental reference, backed by a well-established methodology, for OECD member countries. Extending the OECD methodology to African countries enables comparisons of tax-to-GDP ratios and tax structures on a consistent basis, both among African economies and with OECD, Latin American, Caribbean and Asian economies.
This report applies the PAFER to Mexico’s Energy Regulatory Commission and assesses its functions, practices and behaviour. It focuses on internal governance, including structures and processes for decision making, managing financial resources, attracting and retaining talent, managing data and assessing performance. The review identifies a number of challenges and opportunities for improvement, and is a companion to reviews of the internal governance of two other Mexican energy regulators, the Agency for Safety, Energy and Environment and the National Hydrocarbons Commission, and the review of the external governance of the country’s energy sector, Driving Peformance of Mexico’s Energy Regulators.
Este informe aplica el PAFER a la Agencia de Seguridad, Energía y Ambiente (ASEA) de México y evalúa sus funciones, sus prácticas y su comportamiento. El análisis se centra en la gobernanza interna e incluye las estructuras y procesos empleados para tomar decisiones, gestionar recursos financieros, atraer y retener talentos, gestionar datos y evaluar el desempeño. El informe identifica retos y oportunidades para la mejora y es complementario de los estudios de la gobernanza interna de otros dos órganos reguladores en materia energética, la Comisión Nacional de Hidrocarburos (CNH) y la Comisión Reguladora de Energía (CRE), así como el estudio de la gobernanza externa del sector energético del país, Impulsando el desempeño de los órganos reguladores en materia energética de México.
This report applies the PAFER to Mexico’s Agency for Safety, Energy and Environment and assesses its functions, practices and behaviour. It focuses on internal governance, including structures and processes for decision making, managing financial resources, attracting and retaining talent, managing data and assessing performance. The review identifies a number of challenges and opportunities for improvement, and is a companion to reviews of the internal governance of two other Mexican energy regulators, the National Hydrocarbons Commission and the Energy Regulatory Commission, and the review of the external governance of the country’s energy sector, Driving Performance of Mexico’s Energy Regulators.
Este informe aplica el PAFER a la Comisión Reguladora de Energía (CRE) de México y evalúa sus funciones, sus prácticas y su comportamiento. El análisis se centra en la gobernanza interna e incluye las estructuras y procesos empleados para tomar decisiones, gestionar recursos financieros, atraer y retener talentos, gestionar datos y evaluar el desempeño. El informe identifica retos y oportunidades para la mejora y es complementario de los estudios de la gobernanza interna de otros dos órganos reguladores en materia energética, la Agencia de Seguridad, Energía y Ambiente (ASEA) y la Comisión Nacional de Hidrocarburos (CNH), así como el estudio de la gobernanza externa del sector energético del país, Impulsando el desempeño de los órganos reguladores en materia energética de México.
The biennial OECD Digital Economy Outlook examines and documents evolutions and emerging opportunities and challenges in the digital economy. It highlights how OECD countries and partner economies are taking advantage of information and communication technologies (ICTs) and the Internet to meet their public policy objectives. Through comparative evidence, it informs policy makers of regulatory practices and policy options to help maximise the potential of the digital economy as a driver for innovation and inclusive growth.
La contratación pública se está convirtiendo en una herramienta estratégica en el Perú para lograr importantes objetivos políticos. Las reformas legislativas aprobadas en 2016 indican un fuerte compromiso del gobierno para modernizar el sistema de adquisiciones públicas. De hecho, el sistema atraviesa actualmente un período de transición, pasando de formalidades excesivas y procesos de licitación complejos a la priorización de resultados y una mayor relación calidad-precio. Este informe examina las reformas en curso en materia de contratación pública en el Perú, centrándose en cuestiones como los procesos de contratación pública, la participación en licitaciones y la cultura de integridad en el proceso de contratación pública. También, proporciona orientación para ayudar al Perú a implementar reformas que aumenten la eficiencia, transparencia y rendición de cuentas del sistema.
The IRTAD Road Safety Annual Report 2017 provides an overview of road safety performance for 2015 in 40 countries, with preliminary data for 2016, and detailed reports for each country. It includes tables with cross country comparisons on key safety indicators.
The report outlines the most recent safety data in IRTAD countries, including detailed analysis by road user, age group and type of road. It describes the crash data collection process in IRTAD countries, the road safety strategies and targets in place, and information on recent trends in speeding, drink-driving and other aspects of road user behaviour. The 2017 edition of the IRTAD Road Safety Annual Report puts special emphasis on road safety for an ageing population, which represents a growing concern in many countries.
Durante el periodo de 10 años abarcado por las Perspectivas, se estima que los mercados agrícolas permanecerán en una posición débil, que el crecimiento de China disminuirá y las políticas relacionadas con los biocombustibles influirán menos en los mercados que en el pasado. El crecimiento futuro de la producción de cultivos se logrará sobre todo con el incremento de los rendimientos y de la producción de carnes y lácteos, debido tanto a las mayores reservas de animales como a la mejora en rendimientos. Se espera que el comercio agrícola aumentará con mayor lentitud, pero se mantendrá menos sensible a las frágiles condiciones económicas que el comercio en otros sectores. Estas presiones sobre la demanda, la oferta y el comercio son evidentes en el Sudeste Asiático, donde se detecta que hay margen para mejorar la productividad agrícola de manera sostenible. Se espera que los precios reales de casi todos los productos básicos permanecerán planos o bajarán.
Gender inequalities persist in all areas of social and economic life and across countries. Young women in OECD countries generally obtain more years of schooling than young men, but women are less likely than men to engage in paid work. Gaps widen with age, as motherhood typically has marked negative effects on gender pay gaps and career advancement. Women are also less likely to be entrepreneurs, and are underrepresented in private and public leadership positions.
The 2013 and 2015 OECD Gender Recommendations provide guidance on how to advance gender equality in education, employment, entrepreneurship and public life; this book discusses recent developments in these areas in one overview chapter and 24 short chapters which each include key findings and policy recommendations. Topics include violence against women, gender budgeting, the unequal sharing of unpaid work, labour market outcomes and migration. The book presents a range of indicators illustrating gender gaps. It also discusses recent policy initiatives, such as pay transparency measures to reduce gender wage gaps and policy reform aimed at fathers taking parental leave. Overall, progress has been slow and there is a strong need for further policy action to close gender gaps in education, employment, entrepreneurship and public life.
Aux prises avec le taux de chômage des jeunes le plus élevé au monde, la jeunesse de la région du Moyen-Orient et de l'Afrique du Nord (MENA) a moins confiance dans les institutions que la génération précédente. Comme dans la plupart des pays et territoires MENA, les 15-29 ans constituent plus de 30 % de la population en âge de travailler, les gouvernements doivent de toute urgence élaborer et déployer des stratégies visant à les intégrer pleinement dans la vie économique et sociale. Premier du genre à appliquer aux cadres de gouvernance publique un filtre intégrant les points de vue de la jeunesse, ce rapport renferme des recommandations pour ajuster l’environnement juridique, institutionnel et politique et permettre ainsi aux jeunes de peser davantage sur l’efficacité des politiques publiques.
L’investissement public et en particulier celui dans l’infrastructure, est important pour une croissance et un développement économique durables ainsi que pour la prestation des services publics. Cependant, il est vulnérable au risque de corruption et de capture. Ce rapport examine les bénéfices directs et indirects de l’investissement public si réalisé de manière éthique et efficace. Il fournit un Cadre d’intégrité pour l’investissement public, répertoriant les risques de corruption à chaque étape du cycle de l’investissement. Il identifie également les outils et mécanismes de promotion de l’intégrité dans le cycle de l’investissement et fournit des exemples de leur mise en place réussie à la fois dans les secteurs privé et public.
Este informe aporta recomendaciones para fortalecer la rendición de cuentas, la integridad y la transparencia en el Sistema Nacional de Fiscalización de México, haciendo especial foco en su principal institución auditora, la Auditoria Superior de la Federación (ASF), tras sus significativas reformas institucionales. El mismo establece consideraciones estratégicas para el Sistema Nacional de Fiscalización y la ASF, examina las dimensiones nacionales y subnacionales de auditoría en México e identifica marcos de acción para que la ASF mejore el impacto y la relevancia de su trabajo.
This report assesses the state of Armenia’s sanitation services, which are in poor shape, and proposes ways forward for reforming the sector by: ensuring equitable access by all and identifying solutions that work for the poorest and most remote communities; generating economies of scale and scope, and reducing both investment and operational costs for the efficient delivery of sanitation services; and moving towards sustainable cost recovery for the sanitation sector, by identifying how much funding can be mobilised from within the sector and how much external transfers are required. The state of Armenia’s sanitation services are inadequate, with 51% of the population in rural areas using unimproved facilities, causing direct damage to the environment and exposing inhabitants to health risks, and better access but degraded sewerage-system infrastructure in urban areas, posing health hazards due to potential cross-contamination between sewage and drinking water. According to preliminary estimates, EUR 2.6 billion of investments will be required to meet Armenia’s sanitation needs, with approximately EUR 1 billion needing to be spent in the next 7 to 10 years. Given the country’s current economic situation, this investment will have to be spread over time and targeted to avoid further deterioration of infrastructure and increase of the financing gap.
This review of Corporate Governance in Colombia was prepared as part of the process of Colombia's accession to OECD Membership. The report describes the corporate governance setting for both listed companies and the state-owned sector (SOEs). The review then examines the legal and regulatory framework and company practices to assess the degree to which the recommendations of the G20/OECD Principles of Corporate Governance and the OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises have been implemented. The review finds that Colombia's framework for the corporate governance of listed companies is largely consistent with the Principles, although some companies have been reluctant to implement some of the good practices recommended in Colombia's national corporate governance code. For SOEs, the report recognises substantial reforms undertaken during the review process to adopt an ambitious national ownership policy. Reforms have included establishing an ownership co-ordination unit and more transparent reporting on SOE performance, and removing ministers from SOE boards and establishing more transparent board nomination processes aimed at enhancing the qualifications of board members. The report seeks continuing efforts to consolidate these reforms and to implement plans announced in the national ownership policy.
The report, building on a policy dialogue with a range of stakeholders in Korea, analyses how economic policy instruments under the responsibility of the Korean Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport can be adjusted to contribute to water policy objectives. It also investigates how Smart Water Management Korea, an initiative by K-water that combines information and communication technology with water technology, can be harnessed to better contribute to water management in the country. Finally, it identifies some of the limitations of prevalent water allocation regimes which need to be addressed to make the best use of available water resources.
Since 1965, the Korean Government has invested heavily in quantitative development strategies to meet water needs, and despite highly variable water availability, this has allowed for and facilitated rapid urbanisation and economic growth. However, several long-term trends are expected to affect the capacity of the current water management system to adequately respond to current and future water risks, such as rapid ageing of the population, fiscal consolidation and climate change. These call for a renewed emphasis on water use efficiency.