Latin American Economic Outlook 2022
Towards a Green and Just Transition
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What challenges and opportunities does the green transition entail for Latin America and the Caribbean? This 15th edition of the Latin American Economic Outlook explores options for the region to recast its production models, transform its energy matrix and create better jobs in the process. It argues that, for this transition to be just, stronger social-protection systems and open dialogue must help build new, sustainable social contracts. In support of this ambitious agenda, the report presents an array of financing options, including green finance, and advocates for renewed international partnerships.
Also available in: Spanish
Ecuador
Poverty in Ecuador increased from 24.3% in 2016 to 30.6% in 2020, above the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) average of 26.3%, partly owing to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Extreme poverty increased in that period from 7.5% to 10.8% and remains above the LAC average (8.7%). The Gini index increased from 45.0 in 2016 to 47.3 in 2020, close to the LAC average (45.3). Regarding environmental indicators, in 2019, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per capita were 4.2 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (t CO2e), lower than the averages for LAC (6.3) and countries belonging to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (9.1). That year, the share of the population exposed to air pollution levels that pose risks to human health (PM2.5 at more than 10 µg/m3) was 100%, higher than 95.4% for LAC and 61.0% for the OECD. The marine protected area of Ecuador accounted for 13.3% of its territorial waters in 2021, compared to 7.3% for LAC and 18.6% for the OECD. In 2022, Ecuador created Hermandad, a new 60 000 km2 marine protected area, thereby increasing the national marine protected area to 19.2% of territorial waters. On the fiscal side, environmentally related tax revenue was 0.3% of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2020, below LAC (1.0%) and OECD averages (2.1%). Total tax revenues as a percentage of GDP (19.1%) remain lower than the averages for LAC (21.9%) and the OECD (33.5%).
Also available in: Spanish
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