Joining Forces for Gender Equality
What is Holding us Back?
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OECD countries continue to face persistent gender inequalities in social and economic life. Young women often reach higher levels of education than young men, but remain under-represented in fields with the most lucrative careers. Women spend more time on unpaid work, face a strong motherhood penalty, encounter barriers to entrepreneurship and fare worse in labour markets overall. They are also under-represented in politics and leadership positions in public employment. These elements permeate many policy areas and economic sectors – from international trade and development assistance to energy and the environment – in which policy often lacks a strong gender focus. Violence against women, the most abhorrent manifestation of gender inequality, remains a global crisis. This publication analyses developments and policies for gender equality, such as gender mainstreaming and budgeting, reforms to increase fathers’ involvement in parental leave and childcare, pay transparency initiatives to tackle gender pay gaps, and systems to address gender-based violence. It extends the perspective on gender equality to include foreign direct investment, nuclear energy and transport. Advancing gender equality is not just a moral imperative; in times of rapidly ageing populations, low fertility and multiple crises, it will strengthen future gender-equal economic growth and social cohesion.
Also available in: French
Pay transparency to close the gender wage gap
This chapter first presents an overview of pay transparency tools in OECD countries, including a classification of countries by the presence of regulations requiring private sector pay reporting, pay auditing, or related measures. It then shows key findings from the limited evaluation evidence available on the application of these tools. The chapter continues by presenting key reasons that justify the need for pay transparency practices. It ends with policy recommendations, including detailed steps for countries that currently have pay transparency policies in place to help pay transparency tools close the gender wage gap.
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