Browse by: "PRE-2011"

La première parution de la publication bisannuelle, Ressources, production et demande de l'uranium, remonte à 1965 et, depuis lors, il s’est imposé à travers le monde comme un ouvrage de référence sur l’uranium. En 40 ans d’existence, le Livre rouge a accumulé une impressionnante moisson de données officielles fournies par les gouvernements. La  rétrospective du «  Livre rouge » a été entreprise pour collecter, rassembler, analyser et publier toutes les informations clés recueillies dans les 20 éditions du Livre rouge parues entre 1965 et 2004. Par ailleurs, c'était l'occasion de compléter certaines informations afin de présenter un état des lieux aussi achevé et exhaustif que possible. Au final, la Rétrospective du Livre rouge dresse un tableau évolutif complet du secteur de l’uranium à l’échelle mondiale dans les domaines suivants : prospection, ressources, production, besoins liés aux réacteurs, inventaires et prix. On y examine dans le détail le chemin parcouru par les grands pays producteurs d’uranium, notamment l’Allemagne (y compris l’ex-République démocratique allemande), l’Australie, le Canada, les États-Unis, la Fédération de Russie (y compris l’ex-Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques) et la France. Ainsi peut-on, pour la première fois, obtenir une vision globale de la production et de la demande annuelles et cumulées d’uranium depuis l’avènement de l’ère atomique. Outre les données chronologiques et les documents connexes, on trouvera dans la Rétrospective du Livre rouge des analyses d’experts qui jettent une lumière nouvelle sur certaines dimensions importantes du secteur comme : le coût des découvertes, les ratios entre ressources et production, et le délai qui sépare la découverte de la production, entre autres.

L'innovation a été un élément majeur dans le déploiement réussi de l'énergie nucléaire et demeure essentielle aujourd'hui pour son avenir durable. Dans la mesure où l'énergie nucléaire est une option intéressante pour assurer la diversité et la sécurité de l'approvisionnment énergétique et pour lutter contre le risque de réchauffement planétaire, la façon de poursuivre l'innovation dans ce domaine est une question importante pour l'industrie et les gouvernments intéressés. Ce rapport présente un panorama de l'état de l'art concernant les systèmes actuels d'innovation dans le domaine nucléaire, notamment ses axes majeurs, ses principaux acteurs, ses cadres institutionnels et juridiques et l'infrastructure pour la gestion des compétences et des programmes. Il propose également des recommendations stratégiques formulées à partir de rapports et d'études de cas fournis par les pays participants.

Innovation has been a driving force in the successful deployment of nuclear energy and remains essential today for its sustainable future. As nuclear energy is an attractive option for ensuring diversity and security of energy supply, as well as lower global climate change risks, the way to continue this innovation is a key issue for industry and interested governments. This report provides an overview of the state of the art in nuclear innovation systems, including their driving forces, main actors, institutional and legal frameworks, and infrastructure for knowledge and programme management. It also offers policy recommendations based on country reports and case studies supplied by participating member countries.

With a declining number of nuclear data evaluators in the world and an increasing demand for high-quality data, there is a risk that evaluators will concentrate on producing new nuclear data to the detriment of developing new models and methods for evaluating existing data. In this context, it is essential to identify the basic physics issues that are going to be important for future nuclear data evaluation processes. At the same time, demand for new types of data, which will be needed in emerging nuclear applications, could warrant new evaluation techniques that are presently only used in the context of fundamental research and not in nuclear data production.  These proceedings present the main findings of the "Perspectives on Nuclear Data for the Next Decade" workshop, which explored innovative approaches to nuclear data evaluation with the aim of opening new perspectives, building new research programmes and investigating prospects for international collaboration.

This book, prepared by NEA member country experts, contains data and analyses relevant to nuclear power plant life management and the plants' extended, longer-term operation (LTO). It addresses technical, economic and environmental aspects and provides insights into the benefits and challenges of plant life management and LTO.

Cette étude analyse différents cycles du combustible nucléaire avancés du point de vue de leur impact sur la gestion des déchets radioactifs. Elle examine divers cycles et illustre les différences entre plusieurs technologies. Toutefois, elle ne prétend pas offrir un panorama de tous les cycles du combustible envisageables à l'avenir. Cette analyse approfondit les études antérieures sur ce sujet. Elle examine les cycles du combustible dans leur ensemble, y compris les déchets radioactifs générés à chacune des étapes du cycle, et les performances des dépôts de déchets de haute activité pour les différents cycles étudiés.

These workshop proceedings assess the third party liability and compensation mechanisms that would be implemented by participating countries in the event of a nuclear accident taking place within or near their borders. To do so, two fictitious accident scenarios were developed: one involving a fire in a nuclear installation located in the Slovak Republic and resulting in the release of significant amounts of radioactive materials off-site, and the other a fire on board a ship transporting enriched uranium hexafluoride along the Danube River. The first scenario was designed to involve the greatest possible number of countries, with the second being restricted to countries with a geographical proximity to the Danube. These proceedings contain the papers presented at the workshop, as well as reports on the discussion sessions held.

Hydrogen has the potential to play an important role as a sustainable and environmentally acceptable energy carrier in the 21st century. Since natural sources of pure hydrogen are extremely limited, it is necessary to develop technologies to produce large quantities of hydrogen economically. The currently dominant technology for producing hydrogen is based on reforming fossil fuels, a process which releases greenhouse gases. Hydrogen produced by water cracking, using heat and surplus electricity from nuclear power plants, requires no fossil fuels and results in lower greenhouse gas emissions. This conference proceedings presents the state of the art in the nuclear production of hydrogen and describes its associated scientific and technical challenges.

This 2006 edition of the Nuclear Energy Agency's annual "brown book" finds that 2005 was a year of major activity within the nuclear sector. Interest in nuclear energy is growing significantly in many OECD member countries with the construction of new plants, new plans for nuclear futures along with innovations in enrichment and reprocessing. The compilation provides readers with a comprehensive and easy-to-access overview of the current situation and expected trends in the various sectors of the nuclear fuel cycle.

Published every other year, Uranium Resources, Production, and Demand, or the “Red Book” as it is commonly known, is jointly prepared by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and the International Atomic Energy Agency. It is the recognised world reference on uranium and is based on official information received from 43 countries. This 21st edition presents the results of a thorough review of world uranium supplies and demand as of 1st January 2005 and provides a statistical profile of the world uranium industry in the areas of exploration, resource estimates, production and reactor-related requirements. It provides substantial new information from all major uranium production centres in Africa, Australia, Central Asia, Eastern Europe and North America. Projections of nuclear generating capacity and reactor-related uranium requirements through 2025 are provided as well as a discussion of long-term uranium supply and demand issues. This edition focuses on recent price and production increases that could signal major changes in the industry.

This study analyses a range of advanced nuclear fuel cycle options from the perspective of their effect on radioactive waste management policies. It presents various fuel cycle options which illustrate differences between alternative technologies, but does not purport to cover all foreseeable future fuel cycles. The analysis extends the work carried out in previous studies, assesses the fuel cycles as a whole, including all radioactive waste generated at each step of the cycles, and covers high-level waste repository performance for the different fuel cycles considered.

Germany is exploring a new approach towards the final management of its radioactive waste. During this international workshop, invited speakers representing different groups of stakeholders commented on relevant aspects of the new German approach being proposed. This served as a basis for subsequent round-table discussions. These proceedings provide a historical introduction to radioactive waste management in Germany, a detailed summary of the workshop presentations and discussions that took place, and also the NEA Secretariat’s reflections which help place the main lessons of the workshop into a wider perspective.

An important factor for public confidence in the nuclear regulator is the general public trust of the government and its representatives, which is clearly not the same in all countries. These workshop proceedings identify a number of common principles for the communication of nuclear regulatory decisions that can be recommended to all regulators. They have been cited in particular for their ability to help build, measure and/or improve overall public confidence in the nuclear regulator. 

This publication provides comprehensive information on the regulatory and institutional frameworks governing nuclear activities in Iceland. It examines the general regulatory regime, including mining, radioactive substances and equipment, nuclear installations, trade in nuclear materials, radiation protection, radioactive waste management, non-proliferation and physical protection, transport, and nuclear third party liability; and has another section covering the institutional framework including regulatory and supervisory authorities, advisory bodies, and public and semi-public agencies.