Browse by: "PRE-2011"

À l'heure actuelle, on observe une variabilité considérable dans le format, le contenu et les pratiques d'estimation des coûts, que ce soit à l'intérieur d'un même pays ou lorsque l'on franchit les frontières. Les comparaisons sont, de ce fait, extrêmement difficiles, même entre installations du même type. Les exigences de la réglementation sont principalement responsables de ces disparités, ainsi que les habitudes et pratiques historiques. Elles se répercutent sur les hypothèses de base, telles que la stratégie de démantèlement prévue et l'état final du site, mais aussi sur les méthodes de traitement des aléas. Il sera sans doute difficile d'harmoniser les approches nationales des estimations des coûts. On peut du moins recommander une structure et une présentation standard de nature à accentuer la confiance que l'autorité de contrôle et les parties prenantes pourront accorder aux estimations et aux calendriers de dépenses.

Many countries have been performing a wide range of research on the partitioning and transmutation (P&T) of minor actinides and fission products. The aim is to provide greater flexibility in terms of radioactive waste management strategies and deploying advanced nuclear fuel cycles. This report describes recent and ongoing national research programmes related to chemical partitioning in the Czech Republic, France, Italy, Japan, Korea, the Russian Federation, Spain, the United Kingdom and the United States. European Commission research programmes are also included.

These workshop proceedings highlight the significant amount of work accomplished over the past decade in delivering transparent, proportionate regulation for geological disposal, and identify important differences between national regulations even if these are not in contradiction with international guidance. They also underline the importance of R&D carried out on behalf of the regulator. In addition to the contributed papers, these proceedings trace the numerous discussions that formed an integral part of the workshop. They constitute an important and unique documentary basis for researchers and radioactive waste management specialists. Themes addressed include duties to future generations, timescales for regulation, stepwise decision making, roles of optimisation and best available techniques (BAT), multiple lines of reasoning, safety and performance indicators, recognition of uncertainties and the importance of stakeholder interactions.

Experimental facilities are essential research tools both for the development of nuclear science and technology and for testing systems and materials which are currently being used or will be used in the future. As a result of economic pressures and the closure of older facilities, there are concerns that the ability to undertake the research necessary to maintain and to develop nuclear science and technology may be in jeopardy.

An NEA expert group with representation from ten member countries, the International Atomic Energy Agency and the European Commission has reviewed the status of those research and test facilities of interest to the NEA Nuclear Science Committee. They include facilities relating to nuclear data measurement, reactor development, neutron scattering, neutron radiography, accelerator-driven systems, transmutation, nuclear fuel, materials, safety, radiochemistry, partitioning and nuclear process heat for hydrogen production.

This report contains the expert group’s detailed assessment of the current status of these nuclear research facilities and makes recommendations on how future developments in the field can be secured through the provision of high-quality, modern facilities. It also describes the online database which has been established by the expert group which includes more than 700 facilities.

This 2009 edition of Nuclear Energy Data, the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency’s annual compilation of essential statistics on nuclear energy in OECD countries, provides information on plans for new nuclear construction, nuclear fuel cycle developments and projections of installed nuclear capacity to 2035 in OECD member countries. This comprehensive overview of the current situation and expected trends in various sectors of the nuclear fuel cycle provides authoritative information for policy makers, experts and academics working in the nuclear energy field.

Since 1992, the Information System on Occupational Exposure (ISOE) has provided a forum for radiological protection professionals from nuclear power utilities and national regulatory authorities worldwide to discuss, promote and co-ordinate international co-operative undertakings for the radiological protection of workers at nuclear power plants. The ISOE objective is to improve occupational exposure management at nuclear power plants by exchanging relevant information, data and experience on methods to optimise occupational radiological protection.

This report on work management provides practical guidance on the application of work management principles as a contribution to the optimisation of occupational radiological protection. It recognises that while work management is no longer a new concept, continued efforts are needed to ensure that good performance, outcomes and trends are maintained in the face of current and future challenges. The focus of this report is therefore on presenting the key aspects of work management that should be considered by management and workers to save time, doses and money, supported by updated practical examples from within the ISOE community.

Le renouveau d'intérêt pour l'énergie nucléaire résultant des préoccupations causées par le changement climatique global et la sécurité d'approvisionnement, qui est susceptible d'entraîner une croissance notable de la production d'électricité nucléaire, rend plus attractifs les réacteurs à neutrons rapides fonctionnant en cycle fermé. La transition entre le parc actuel de réacteurs à neutrons thermiques et des systèmes à neutrons rapides demandera plusieurs décennies et d'importants efforts de RD-D. Cet ouvrage identifie et analyse les questions stratégiques et politiques clés posées par une telle transition et vise à assister les décideurs dans le choix des meilleures approches pour mettre en œuvre des scénarios de transition.

The renewed interest in nuclear energy triggered by concerns about global climate change and security of supply could lead to substantial growth in nuclear electricity generation and expanded interest in fast neutron reactors with closed fuel cycles. Moving from the current fleet of thermal neutron reactors to fast neutron systems will require many decades and extensive RD&D efforts. This book identifies and analyses key strategic and policy issues raised by such a transition, and provides guidance to decision makers on the best approaches for implementing transition scenarios.

A key challenge in the development of safety cases for the deep geological disposal of radioactive waste is handling the long time frame over which the radioactive waste remains hazardous. The intrinsic hazard of the waste decreases with time, but some hazard remains for extremely long periods. This report reviews the current status and ongoing discussions of this issue, addressing such issues as ethical principles, the evolution of the hazard over time, uncertainties in the evolution of the disposal system (and how these uncertainties themselves evolve), the stability and predictability of the geological environment, repository planning and implementation including regulatory requirements, siting decisions, repository design, the development and presentation of safety cases and the planning of pre- and post-closure institutional controls such as monitoring requirements.

This technical report describes the results of the Nuclear Energy Agency's CLAYTRAC project, in which natural tracer data from nine sites was evaluated to assess potential impacts of disposal of radiological waste in geological repositories. It shows scientific information from numerous sites and applies robust analytical methods to improve the understanding of radionuclide migration and evolution of sites for deep geological disposal. These results improve the understanding of sites, and thus the confidence in safety, for geological disposal of radioactive waste.

This volume is the eleventh in the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) “Chemical Thermodynamics” series. It is based on a critical review of the thermodynamic properties of thorium, its solid compounds and aqueous complexes, initiated as part of the NEA Thermochemical Database Project Phase III (TDB III). The database system developed at the OECD/NEA Data Bank ensures consistency not only within the recommended data sets of thorium, but also amongst all the data sets published in the series. This volume will be of particular interest to scientists carrying out performance assessments of deep geological disposal sites for radioactive waste.

電力需要の高まりを受けて、複数の国が原子力発電所を建設中であり、それよりはるかに多くの国が 発電での原子力利用を検討している現在、ウラン産業は大きな注目を浴びている。ウラン価格は需要の高まりと在庫減少によって近年急騰した。その結果ウラン産業は、20 年を越える過少投資の時代に 終止符を打ち、華々しい隆盛期を再び迎えつつある。OECD 原子力機関と国際原子力機関が共同で作成している「レッドブック」は、ウランに関する参考資料として世界で認められた冊子である。レッドブックは 40 ヵ国から集めた公式情報に基づいている。今回の第 22 版は2007 年1 月1 日時点における世界のウラン需給を総合的に検討しているほか、世界におけるウランの探鉱、資源量、生産量、原子炉関連の必要量についてのデータを示している。また アフリカ、オーストラリア、中央アジア、東欧、北米における主要なウラン生産センターについての重要な新情報を提示している。さらに 2030 年までの原子力発電容量および原子炉関連ウラン需要の予 測を掲載したほか、長期的なウラン需給の問題についても分析を加えている。