The Missing Entrepreneurs 2019
Policies for Inclusive Entrepreneurship
The Missing Entrepreneurs 2019 is the fifth edition in a series of biennial reports that examine how public policies at national, regional and local levels can support job creation, economic growth and social inclusion by overcoming obstacles to business start-ups and self-employment by people from disadvantaged or under-represented groups in entrepreneurship. It shows that there is substantial potential to combat unemployment and increase labour market participation by facilitating business creation in populations such as women, youth, the unemployed, and immigrants. However, the specific problems they face need to be recognised and addressed with effective and efficient policy measures. The 2019 edition contains two thematic policy chapters on the potential of digital entrepreneurship for making entrepreneurship more inclusive and increasing the scale-up potential of start-ups by entrepreneurs from disadvantaged groups. These thematic chapters discuss current policy issues and present the range of policy actions currently used in EU and OECD countries. The chapters also offer policy advice to national, regional and local policy makers. Finally, the report contains country profiles that highlight recent trends in entrepreneurship by women, youth, seniors and immigrants, key policy issues and recent policy actions in each of the 28 EU Member States.
Preface by the OECD
Many people in OECD countries remain excluded from the labour market where wage inequality is rising. Entrepreneurship must be part of the solution. Entrepreneurs innovate, finding new solutions to social and economic problems, they identify and exploit growth opportunities, they provide jobs for themselves and others, and with good projects they generate good incomes. But for the full potential of entrepreneurship to be achieved for growth, innovation and inclusion, entrepreneurship needs to be a feasible opportunity for all people, whatever social group they come from, including those currently unemployed and inactive. Today this is not the case. The share of the population involved in entrepreneurship, and particularly entrepreneurship with innovation and growth prospects, is lower for many groups such as women, youth, migrants and the formerly unemployed, who tend to face greater barriers in areas such as skills, finance, networks and institutions. We need to break down the barriers to entrepreneurship for all populations, so that we can tap into the creativity, dynamism and innovation of more people.
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