Decarbonising Urban Mobility with Land Use and Transport Policies
The Case of Auckland, New Zealand
The report presents an in-depth analysis of various policies that aim to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions of urban transport. Decarbonising transport lies at the core of efforts to mitigate climate change and has close links to urban sustainability and housing affordability. The report identifies the drivers of rising emissions in the urban transport sector and offers pathways to reduce them through a combination of transport and land use policies. The analysis yields a holistic welfare evaluation of these policies, assessing them according to their environmental effectiveness, their economic efficiency and their impact on fiscal balance and housing affordability. The report concludes that significant reductions in emissions from urban transport can be achieved through a careful alignment of transport policies designed to promote the use of public transit and electric vehicles, and land use policies, which foster a more compact urban form. The study is based on the case of Auckland, New Zealand but the lessons drawn are relevant for institutions and governments working on issues relating to urban sustainability, transport, housing and climate change mitigation.
Modelling transport and land use in Auckland
This chapter provides a non-technical description of the Multi-Objective Local Environmental Simulator (MOLES), i.e. the urban computable general equilibrium (CGE) model OECD has developed to evaluate the environmental and economic impact of land use and transport policies. The chapter focuses on the version of the model which has been tailored to Auckland. It details the behaviour of households and real-estate developers and elaborates on the way housing and land markets function in the model. It also describes the various outcomes of the modelling exercise, which include transport, emission, welfare, housing and fiscal indicators.
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