This publication provides an overview of the key issues and policy challenges surrounding entrepreneurship and SME development with particular reference to South East European (SEE) countries, focusing on five main areas: (i) financing entrepreneurship; (ii) SME internationalisation; (iii) SME innovation, (iv) the role of culture, attitudes and skills in entrepreneurship; and, (v) youth entrepreneurship. It should be acknowledged that these issues are not unique to SEE countries; they are challenges that all countries confront as they seek to stimulate and facilitate entrepreneurship. For this reason this publication should have resonance for all countries which seek to improve entrepreneurial activity.