Ireland currently has a relatively young population but faces similar, if more distant, long-term pressures from population ageing as other countries. The pension system is founded on a basic state pension but relies heavily on private saving to provide adequate replacement incomes in retirement. Large increases in the state pension have reduced poverty, although many pensioners still have low incomes. There is a large retirement savings gap for many households between the close to flat-rate state pension and a reasonable replacement income in retirement. Private pensions saving may be too limited to close this gap for many low- and middleincome earners. There are large tax incentives to save for retirement, but these are poorly targeted and the overall effect on saving is likely to be limited. Against the background of the pressures that ageing will eventually impose on public finances and the wider economy, this chapter outlines options for pension reform.