Over the last decade, life in Kazakhstan has improved significantly, profiting from robust economic growth. But what exactly does having a good life mean? This chapter uses the OECD well-being framework to assess well-being outcomes in Kazakhstan, in relation to a set of identified benchmark countries.The diagnosis shows that material conditions have improved for Kazakhstanis over the last decade. Income and living standards have increased markedly since the year 2000 as gross national income (GNI) per capita doubled and poverty fell dramatically. These outcomes have been largely driven by growth in market incomes and in particular by the creation of salaried jobs and wage policies. As incomes have grown equitably, outcomes determined by the market are largely positive, with the exception of housing, which remains a significant gap in material well-being.Despite improvements and significant progress in other areas, the performance of Kazakhstan in the dimensions of quality of life remains low relative to comparator countries. Levels of empowerment and participation are still low in the country, potentially hindered by the high prevalence of corruption. Additionally, health outcomes remain a challenge, and may remain so, unless a strong impetus is given by the government to improving environmental conditions and the capacity to deliver higher quality public services. Indeed, all the indicators related to environment are below what could be expected and are not likely to go in the right direction unless decisive action is taken to limit the adverse impact of natural resource-intensive growth and to accelerate structural transformation. In addition, quantitative educational indicators have overall improved but qualitative outcomes are still lagging.