Corruption in the Extractive Value Chain
Typology of Risks, Mitigation Measures and Incentives
One case of transnational corruption out of five occurs in the extractive sector according to the 2014 OECD Foreign Bribery Report. In this area, corruption has become increasingly complex and sophisticated affecting each stage of the extractive value chain with potential huge revenue losses for the public coffers. This report is intended to help policy makers, law enforcement officials and stakeholders strengthen prevention efforts at both the public and private levels, through improved understanding and enhanced awareness of corruption risk and mechanisms. It will help better tailoring responses to evolving corruption patterns and effectively countering adaptive strategies. The report also offers options to put a cost on corruption to make it less attractive at both the public and private levels.
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Corruption risks in the award of mineral, oil and gas rights
OECD Development Centre
This chapter identifies corruption risks arising in the award of mineral, oil and gas rights through direct contract negotiations or a competitive bidding process. It further describes in detail the schemes, parties involved and mechanisms used to channel corrupt payments. Recommended mitigation measures are addressed to home and host governments, donors and extractive companies.