Ukraine
Ukraine has one of the most energy-intensive economies in the industrialised world. While energy consumption has dropped since the country’s independence, reliance on imports, particularly on gas from Russia, has not declined. This report examines how the Ukraine can meet these challenges. It identifies three key priority areas for action: energy efficiency, cost-reflective pricing and transparency. Efficiency represents not only Ukraine’s single best opportunity to improve energy security but is also vital for the country’s growth and development. The report covers all aspects of the energy sector, such as energy demand, the policy framework and subsectors including energy efficiency, oil, gas, coal, electricity, district heating and renewable energy.
This report draws on three detailed case studies from Armenia, the Russian Federation and Turkey and on the experience of OECD countries to provide guidance on how transfers from central budgets to local authorities could be designed to finance environmental infrastructures in transition economies. The report also investigates mechanisms for transferring financial resources for water services from higher to lower levels of government.
Transition and emerging economies have difficulties developing their financial markets to a level that would provide access to long-term debt finance at an affordable cost. This report examines opportunities beyond the public sector for financing water and other environmental infrastructure. Specifically, opportunities for accessing savings through private financial and capital markets have been examined. The report identifies bottlenecks to the development of local financial markets for environmental infrastructure and discusses policy recommendations to tackle them.
This book presents the outcomes of a review of legal and institutional frameworks for fighting corruption in Ukraine, which was carried out in the framework of the Anti-Corruption Network for Transition Economies based at the OECD. The review examined national anti-corruption policy and institutions currently in place in Ukraine, national anti-corruption legislation, and preventive measures to ensure the integrity of civil service and effective financial control. This publication contains the recommendations as well as the full text of the self-assessment report provided by the government of Ukraine.
This study provides a review of the food and agricultural sector in Ukraine. It assesses the current status of the food and agricultural sector with special reference to the agricultural policy regime and the form and level of government support to the sector. The paper reviews the sector’s readiness to compete on open global markets for food and agricultural products. Given the importance and sensitivity of the food and agriculture sector in the country, the report highlights a number of critical issues for the Ukrainian government to address. The report goes beyond the narrower focus of the agricultural policies and reviews the status of current rural physical and social infrastructure and issues of rural poverty.
The Executive Summary highlights policy recommendations for Ukrainian policymakers, while the individual chapters provide technical analysis on key policy issues.
Attirer l’investissement étranger et en récolter pleinement les bénéfices est un processus qui ne va pas de soi. Les articles de Perspectives de l’investissement international visent à en analyser les difficultés et à stimuler le débat en cours au plan international. Dans ce volume on trouve : une article dans les tendances et évolutions récentes, une article dans l'investissement étranger dans le développement régional en Chine, une étude de cas dans les entreprises multinationales et la qualité de la gouvernance publique, une article dans la libéralisation des mouvements de capitaux, une article dans aspects économiques des mesures d’incitation en faveur de l’investissement international, une article dans Doha et l’investissement, et une annexe dans L’OCDE et les instruments concernant l’investissement international : Quarante ans d’expérience.
The timing of the launch of this new OECD annual publication, International Investment Perspectives, is no coincidence: the Doha Development Agenda, the Monterrey Consensus, the New Partnership for Africa’s Development, the 2002 OECD Ministerial Meeting and the Johannesburg World Summit have all underscored the importance of international investment in achieving sustainable development goals and ensuring that globalisation works for all countries, poor as well as rich. In addition, the unprecedented volume of international investment flows, not least foreign direct investment, over the last decade has acted as a major catalyst for trade integration, the diffusion of innovation and world economic growth.
This volume contains includes an analysis of trends and recent developments, an article on foreign investment in China's regional development, a case study on multinational enterprises and the quality of public governance, an article on successful capital movements liberalisation, an article on the economics of international investment incentives, news items on Doha and investment, and an appendix outlining forty years of OECD co-operation with international investment instruments
This progress report builds on the results of the inaugural meeting of the OECD-Ukraine Forum on Investment and Enterprise Development, held in Kiev on 21-22 February 2002. It comprises the report prepared by the Ukrainian Government, the OECD assessment, the business perspectives, and presentations by national and international practitioners and experts. A broad set of issues are addressed, ranging from the general economic situation to achievements and difficulties in the fields of taxation, privatisation, financial sector and banking. The report also reflects the discussion on further steps in OECD-Ukraine co-operation, and outlines the activities of other international organisations and bilateral donors in support of the reform process.
The progress report provides a record of the reforms under way and the ongoing debate on the reform process in Ukraine -- a country with strong economic potential but which has yet to be perceived as an attractive destination for foreign direct investment.
Cet examen de la politique de l'Ukraine en matière d'investissement s'inscrit dans le prolongement du Guide de l'investissement en Ukraine publié par l'OCDE en 1993. Il a pour principal objectif de faire progresser le dialogue sur les politiques à suivre et la coopération entre l'OCDE et les décideurs ukrainiens sur des questions d'investissement. C'est là un domaine dans lequel l’OCDE s’efforce de stimuler des réformes dont l'Ukraine a grand besoin. L'examen tente d'évaluer le degré de mise en oeuvre des règles juridiques, en mettant l'accent sur les moyens d'en assurer le respect dans la pratique. Il identifie les lacunes du cadre juridique et institutionnel et formule une série de recommandations à l’intention des autorités. Outre la description du cadre juridique et institutionnel ayant spécifiquement trait à l'investissement étranger, l'examen couvre les principales caractéristiques du régime des activités d’entreprise en Ukraine : la législation garantissant le respect du droit et des contrats et la protection de la propriété, le droit des sociétés, les garanties de crédit et la législation applicable au secteur financier, la fiscalité, la gestion des affaires publiques, les opérations de privatisation, la concurrence et la lutte contre la corruption. Cette étude s’inscrit dans le cadre des relations de coopération que l’OCDE entretient avec les économies non-membres de diverses régions du monde.
OECD's 2001 review of investment policy in the Ukraine. It builds on the 1993 OECD Investment Guide for Ukraine and is primarily intended to further advance the policy dialogue and co-operation between the OECD and Ukrainian decision-makers on investment issues. It is part of OECD’s efforts to help drive the much needed policy reforms in Ukraine. The review attempts to assess the implementation of the legal rules, with an emphasis on their practical enforcement, and identifies gaps in legislation and institutional frameworks, distilling an array of policy recommendations.
In addition to the legal and institutional setting specifically dealing with foreign investment issues, the review encompasses salient features of the overall business regime in Ukraine, such as legislation ensuring the rule of law, contract and property protection, corporate legislation, secured lending and financial sector legislation, taxation, public governance, including privatisation, competition and anti-corruption measures.
L’économie ukrainienne s’est montrée résiliente en 2023, l’activité enregistrant une progression de 5.3 % selon les estimations. La croissance devrait ralentir en 2024, en raison des dégâts infligés aux infrastructures par les attaques russes, mais aussi à mesure que s’estomperont les avantages de la réouverture des voies maritimes d’exportation et des bonnes récoltes. L’inflation connaîtra probablement une légère hausse du fait des perturbations causées par la guerre d’agression menée par la Russie contre le pays. En 2025, la croissance atteindra 4.5 % à condition qu’une amélioration de la situation sécuritaire permette d’accélérer la reconstruction. Ces projections sont exceptionnellement incertaines puisqu’elles dépendent de l’évolution de la guerre et du rôle fondamental du soutien international.
Ukraine’s economy proved resilient in 2023 and is estimated to have expanded by 5.3%. Growth is projected to moderate in 2024, due to infrastructure damage from Russia’s attacks and as the benefits of the reopening of sea export routes and of a good harvest fade. Inflation is likely to rise slightly due to the ongoing disruptions from Russia’s war of aggression in Ukraine. In 2025 growth will rise to 4.5% assuming an improved security situation enables reconstruction to accelerate. The evolution of the war and the essential role of international support make these projections exceptionally uncertain.
Le Togo compte trois conventions fiscales en vigueur, ainsi que l’indique sa réponse au questionnaire d’examen par les pairs, y compris le Règlement multilatéral 08/2008/COM portant adoption des règles visant à éviter la double imposition au sein de l’Union économique et monétaire ouest-africaine (l’UEMOA) et des règles d’assistance en matière fiscale conclu avec sept de ses partenaires Règlement n° 08/2008/CM des pays de l’Union économique et monétaire ouest-africaine (UEMOA) du 26 septembre 2008 portant adoption des règles visant à éviter la double imposition au sein de l’UEMOA et des règles d’assistance en matière fiscale. , ainsi que l’Acte additionnel multilatéral A/SA 5/12/18 portant adoption des règles communautaires pour l’élimination de la double imposition en matière d’impôts sur les revenus, les capitaux et les successions et la prévention de la fraude et de l’évasion fiscale entre les États membres de la CEDEAO (l’Acte additionnel de la CEDEAO) conclu avec 14 partenaires. L’une de ces conventions, l’Acte additionnel de la CEDEAO, est conforme au standard minimum.
Since the start of Russia's full-scale military invasion of Ukraine, Ukraine’s economy has been operating in the face of unprecedented security challenges. The aggressor state has focused considerable efforts on the purposeful destruction of energy, transport and other critical infrastructure, production capacities of individual enterprises. Direct and indirect economic losses from destruction have already estimated by hundreds of billions of dollars and continue to grow daily.
The economy is stabilising. The business sector and the labour market have adapted to the war, with GDP growth expected to be positive, at 5% in 2023, 4% in 2024 and 4.5% in 2025. High levels of risk and uncertainty in the war economy hold back private investment, while exports are constrained by logistical issues. Inflation is declining, allowing a lowering of the key policy rate. The economy remains highly dependent on international financial assistance.