Czechia
Études économiques consacrées périodiquement par l'OCDE à l’économie de la République tchèque. Chaque étude analyse les grands enjeux auxquels le pays fait face. Elle examine les perspectives à court terme et présente des recommandations détaillées à l’intention des décideurs politiques. Des chapitres thématiques analysent des enjeux spécifiques. Les tableaux et graphiques contiennent un large éventail de données statistiques.
OECD’s periodic surveys of the Czech economy. Each edition surveys the major challenges faced by the country, evaluates the short-term outlook, and makes specific policy recommendations. Special chapters take a more detailed look at specific challenges. Extensive statistical information is included in charts and graphs.
Czechia’s development co-operation focuses on reducing global poverty, fragility and inequality while promoting its national interests, such as strengthened security and economic diplomacy through stronger political, trade and investment relations. Czechia is recognised for its strong support of democratic transition and human rights. Czechia’s total official development assistance (ODA) (USD 789.4 million, preliminary data) decreased in 2023, representing 0.24% of gross national income (GNI).
This report assesses the potential for linkages between foreign direct investment (FDI) and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Czechia, and provides policy recommendations to foster productivity and innovation spillovers to the local economy. The report examines the quality of investment that the country attracts, the productive and innovative capacities of Czech SMEs, and a broad range of economic, business and policy conditions that can strengthen knowledge and technology diffusion from foreign multinationals to domestic enterprises. It also assesses Czechia’s institutional environment and policy mix across the areas of international investment, SMEs and entrepreneurship, innovation and regional development, noting areas for policy reform. The report includes a regional focus on the potential for FDI and SME linkages and spillovers in South Moravia and Usti.
Czechia has experienced robust economic growth, benefiting from its strategic location, strong industrial base, and competitive labour costs, aiding its convergence towards OECD and EU average incomes. However, its labour productivity remains below these averages, highlighting potential structural issues that may hinder productivity-enhancing capital reallocation. Despite being services-oriented, the manufacturing sector, particularly in automotive and high-tech industries, is more prominent than in neighbouring economies, offering a comparative advantage in producing various low- and high-technology goods. The country shows technological prowess in nanotechnologies, pharmaceuticals, and environmental management technologies, which it can capitalize on to further develop key industries by attracting investment and bolstering domestic SMEs. Czechia's specialisation in assembling processed goods with imported intermediate inputs suggests, however, that foreign multinational enterprises (MNEs) based in Czechia limit procurement from local suppliers, impacting the potential for FDI spillovers on SMEs.
This chapter provides an overview of key findings and policy considerations outlined in the country study to strengthen FDI and SME linkages in Czechia. Specifically, it presents the main challenges and opportunities for foreign direct investment (FDI) and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and examines their role in supporting productivity and innovation. Based on an assessment of Czechia’s regulatory and policy framework, the chapter also derives recommendations for policy reform to strengthen the spillover potential of FDI and the productive capacities of Czech SMEs, including in the regions of South Moravia and Ústí nad Labem.
This chapter focuses on regional characteristics relevant to attract FDI investment decisions in the regions of Ústí nad Labem and South Moravian in Czechia. It examines regional factors that can enhance FDI-SME spillovers and impact development opportunities. Subsequently, it evaluates regional factors and policies aimed at increasing these spillovers and the absorptive capacity of SMEs. Insights are provided on the integration of regional development initiatives with efforts to attract FDI and policies designed to support SMEs.
This chapter focuses on factors that underpin the governance framework for foreign direct investment (FDI) promotion and the development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Czechia. It provides an overview of the institutions that are currently in place to design and implement FDI, SME, innovation, and regional development policies, and explores the policy coordination mechanisms to ensure coherence across policy domains, institutions, and tiers of government. This chapter also analyses the monitoring and evaluation framework of the Czech policy delivery system, and efforts to enhance stakeholder engagement.
This chapter examines the extent of FDI and SME linkages in Czechia and the potential for the diffusion of knowledge, technology and skills from foreign multinationals to domestic SMEs. It examines where Czechia stands in the core channels of FDI-SME diffusion – namely value chain relationships; strategic partnerships; labour mobility; and competition and imitation effects – relative to peers in the OECD and the European Union and across economic activities.
Although it remains fraught with uncertainty, the global economy is slowly starting to stabilise after enduring a succession of recent shocks, including the COVID-19 pandemic, Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine, inflationary pressures and geopolitical tensions. These events have led to significant disruptions in global value chains (GVCs) and tighter business conditions affecting local economies and societies. As the international community continues to reflect on and adapt its policy responses to address the immediate impacts of these shocks, signs of a full economic recovery remain subdued. Global foreign direct investment (FDI) flows continue on a declining trend and remain below pre-pandemic levels for the second consecutive year. Meanwhile, governments revert back to more prudent fiscal policies and phase out temporary support for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) who bear the brunt of the uncertain economic landscape. Against this backdrop, there is stronger pressure than ever for more resilient, sustainable, and inclusive growth.
This chapter assesses key enabling conditions for FDI spillovers on SMEs in Czechia. It first examines the economic, structural and geographical characteristics of the Czech economy, and then assesses the spillover potential of foreign direct investment and the capacities of Czech small and medium-sized enterprises to benefit from knowledge and technology transfers. The chapter points to Czechia’s strengths, challenges and opportunities in these enabling conditions.
This chapter reviews the mix of policies in place for fostering FDI spillovers on the productivity and innovation of Czech SMEs. It discusses Czechia’s policy framework for FDI attraction, SME development and knowledge-intensive linkages between the two, noting areas for policy reform. It also assesses the regulatory framework affecting the diffusion of knowledge from foreign to domestic firms, focusing on investment and trade openness, competition policy and labour market regulations.
In 2021, there were roughly 1.23 million active enterprises in the Czech Republic. 99.86% of these firms were SMEs with less than 250 employees each. Micro-firms dominated the business landscape, comprising 96 % of all SMEs in 2022. The total number of SME employees decreased by 36 thousand in 2020 compared to 2019 and remained constant in 2021. Given the situation caused by the coronavirus epidemic, this decrease can be considered moderate.
Gross domestic product (GDP) is the standard measure of the value of final goods and services produced by a country during a period minus the value of imports. This subset of Aggregate National Accounts comprises comprehensive statistics on gross domestic product (GDP) by presenting the three different approaches of its measure of GDP: output based GDP, expenditure based GDP and income based GDP. These three different measures of gross domestic product (GDP) are further detailed by transactions whereby: the output approach includes gross value added at basic prices, taxes less subsidies, statistical discrepancy; the expenditure approach includes domestic demand, gross capital formation, external balance of goods and services; and the income approach includes variables such as compensation of employees, gross operating surplus, taxes and production and imports. Gross domestic product (GDP) data are measured in national currency and are available in current prices, constant prices and per capita starting from 1950 onwards.
The Pensions at a Glance database includes reliable and internationally comparable statistics on public and mandatory and voluntary pensions. It covers 34 OECD countries and aims to cover all G20 countries. Pensions at a Glance reviews and analyses the pension measures enacted or legislated in OECD countries. It provides an in-depth review of the first layer of protection of the elderly, first-tier pensions across countries and provideds a comprehensive selection of pension policy indicators for all OECD and G20 countries.
This dataset contains tax revenue collected by the Czech republic. It provides detailed tax revenues by sector (Supranational, Federal or Central Government, State or Lander Government, Local Government, and Social Security Funds) and by specific tax, such as capital gains, profits and income, property, sales, etc.
This dataset contains data on metropolitan regions with demographic, labour, innovation and economic statistics by population, regional surface, population density, labour force, employment, unemployment, GDP, GDP per capita, PCT patent applications, and elderly dependency ratio.
This dataset comprises statistics on different transactions and balances to get from the GDP to the net lending/borrowing. It includes national disposable income (gross and net), consumption of fixed capital as well as net savings. It also includes transaction components such as net current transfers and net capital transfers. Data are expressed in millions of national currency as well as US dollars and available in both current and constant prices. Data are provided from 1950 onwards.