Browse by: "2023"

Al igual que en el resto de los países de América Latina, la transición verde traerá grandes desafíos en Colombia, pero también la oportunidad de construir un nuevo modelo de desarrollo que sea más sostenible, inclusivo y que genere mayor valor agregado. Por un lado, este proceso involucrará la transformación del aparato productivo y, en particular, la renovación de varios sectores económicos para mitigar sus emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI). Por otro lado, la transición verde demandará la creación de nuevas prácticas en materia de adaptación para fortalecer la resiliencia del país ante eventos climáticos extremos. La aprobación de la Ley 2169 de 2021 en Colombia se une a una serie de esfuerzos del país para impulsar el progreso de la transición verde y hacer frente al cambio climático. Esta ley tiene como objetivo promover el desarrollo bajo en carbono del país mediante el establecimiento de metas y medidas mínimas en materia de carbono-neutralidad y resiliencia climática. Anticipar las futuras disrupciones en el mercado laboral como consecuencia de la transformación del aparato productivo a lo largo de la transición verde es clave para asegurar que dicha transición no solo sea sostenible sino también justa e inclusiva.

In addition to main aggregates, this publication includes detailed national accounts for final consumption expenditure of households by purpose and simplified accounts for three main sectors: general government, corporations and households. Data are shown for all OECD countries and the Euro area. Country tables are expressed in national currency. Data are based on the System of National Accounts 2008 (2008 SNA) for all countries.

Digital transformation has led to unprecedented reductions in the costs of engaging in international trade, changing how and what we trade, and contributing to growing competitiveness. Digitalisation has changed the scope and speed of the activities undertaken by firms; allowing production activities to move faster and with greater ease; providing new ecosystems for exchange; and helping firms, especially micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs), to better connect with each other and with consumers across the globe. Digital tools and growing digital connectivity also provide avenues for greater supply chain resilience, and can help support and speed up the green transition.

This publication includes financial transactions (both net acquisition of financial assets and net incurrence of liabilities), by institutional sector (non-financial corporations, financial corporations, general government, households and non-profit institutions serving households, total economy and rest of the world) and by financial operation. Country tables are expressed in national currency. Data are based on the System of National Accounts 2008 (2008 SNA) for all countries.

This report compiles and shares some of the lessons learnt from implementing post-Fukushima actions related to human and organisational factors (HOF), including at nuclear facility operating companies, technical support organisations, research institutions, and regulatory authorities. It summarises a two-phase information-gathering exercise, overseen by the NEA Working Group on Human and Organisational Factors, about the requirements and guidelines that countries and nuclear licensees have adopted since the accident. The report discusses the central role of human and organisational performance in mitigating extreme external events and the management of severe accidents. It addresses the importance of validating the ability to perform these actions, and the challenges associated with performing such validations with fidelity to the conditions likely to be present during such events. The report concludes by providing four key recommendations that seek to promote greater sharing of information and the identification of best practices.

This publication includes financial stocks (both financial assets and liabilities), by institutional sector (non-financial corporations, financial corporations, general government, households and non-profit institutions serving households, total economy and rest of the world) and by financial instrument. Data are based on the System of National Accounts 2008 (2008 SNA) for all countries.

Ireland has launched an ambitious strategy to build a more inclusive, efficient and sustainable justice sector. Irish citizens recognise these efforts: Ireland is one of the OECD countries with a higher percentage of citizens trusting their government and courts, according to the recent OECD Survey on the Drivers of Trust in Public Institutions. This study aims to support these efforts by analysing the judicial workforce and relevant support structures and processes currently employed by the Irish courts. In particular, the study seeks to contribute to the deliberations of the Irish Judicial Planning Working Group, which was established to identify reform initiatives and evaluate staffing needs to enhance the efficient administration of justice over the next five years.

Over the years, it became more and more evident that governmental considerations on new materials should not be limited to the ‘simple’ nanomaterials. Furthermore, many of these (nano) materials possess/display an additional complexity, e.g. a new or enhanced functionality and/or multiple components. This may lead to further challenges compared to ‘simple’ nanomaterials They are part of a broader material category known as "advanced materials." The term "advanced materials" (AdMa) is used broadly and in various contexts. Therefore, the OECD has chosen to concentrate on the connections between nanotechnologies and AdMa, aiming to establish a common understanding of the term's scope for OECD usage. Through a questionnaire and a review of previous initiatives in this field, the OECD gathered Delegations' perspectives. The questionnaire results led to the creation of a Working Description on Advanced Materials (WD AdMa), intended to outline a framework for future work.

This report presents a case study of applying the OECD anticipatory innovation governance framework to develop and manage anticipatory innovation ecosystems as vehicles for knowledge generation, innovation governance and co-ordinated action to achieve policy goals. Part I establishes the case for anticipatory innovation ecosystems and sets out how they can be governed through a multi-level approach. In Part II, opportunities and challenges for applying this approach in the Latvian context are identified, and recommendations are made for developing anticipatory innovation ecosystems in Latvia.

The use of telemedicine was quite limited in most OECD countries before the COVID-19 pandemic, held back by regulatory barriers and hesitancy from patients and providers. In early 2020, as COVID-19 massively disrupted in-person care, governments moved quickly to promote the use of telemedicine. The number of teleconsultations skyrocketed, playing a vital role in maintaining access to care, but only partly offsetting reductions in in-person care. This report provides an overview of the use of telemedicine in OECD countries, describing how governments scaled up remote care during the pandemic and exploring the impact that this massive shift to remote care has had on health care system performance. Telemedicine may be here to stay, but questions remain concerning how to regulate its use, how to pay for it, how to integrate it with in-person care, and how to make sure that it constitutes good value for money for all. This report puts forth priorities for policy makers to inform the discussion and to promote the best use of remote care services in the future.

The deep and rapid changes in the world of work driven by the digital and green transformations as well as population ageing have been associated with greater job instability, with potential costs for companies, workers and society. The unprecedented labour and skill shortages that emerged during the recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic have raised further the importance of developing and retaining talent. In the context of a more age-diverse workforce, addressing this challenge will require better working conditions, greater investments in training and tackling difficulties in reconciling work with health issues and caring responsibilities. This report presents evidence on recent trends in job tenure and employee turnover, how they have changed due to the COVID-19 shock and sheds light on why employees quit their jobs. It identifies key employer and public policies that can support increased employment retention through better job quality, health at the workplace, and training and skills.

This report serves to support the development of Latin America’s legal and regulatory frameworks for sustainability disclosure, the responsibilities of company boards and shareholder rights. The report presents the results of two OECD surveys on sustainability practices of listed companies and asset managers in the region. It also draws upon an OECD dataset on the current trends and features of corporate sustainability at the global level.

Le Scan de l’espace civique en Tunisie propose une analyse en profondeur des cadres légaux, de politiques publiques, et institutionnels ainsi que des pratiques sous-tendant l’espace civique et nécessaires aux acteurs non-gouvernementaux pour accéder à l’information, s’exprimer, s’associer, s’organiser et participer à la vie publique. Le Scan évalue les quatre dimensions clés de l’espace civique : les droits et libertés publics ; les droits et libertés numériques et des médias ; l’environnement opérationnel des organisations de la société civile ; et la participation civique à l’élaboration des politiques publiques et à la prise de décisions. Il adopte une perspective de long terme pour dresser un bilan des progrès réalisés au cours des dix dernières années, identifier les défis restants, et proposer des recommandations opérationnelles pour renforcer l’espace civique comme précondition aux réformes du gouvernement ouvert en Tunisie.