ANNEX B. Comparative Tables1
This annex provides the country details that lie behind the comparative analysis. As outlined in the main text, the data provided are for 2011. The annex is structured in three sections. Section 1 provides comparative tables for each of the five main indicators presented in this Tax Policy Study. The indicators are the Breakeven Earnings Increment (BEI), the Marginal Effective Tax Rate on Skills (METR), the Average Effective Tax Rate on Skills (AETR), the Marginal Effective Tax Rate on Skills (METR), the Average Effective Tax Rate on Skills (AETR), the Marginal Returns to Costs Ratio, and the Average Returns to Costs Ratio. The calculations behind these variables are discussed in more detail in Chapter 3 and in Annex A of this study.
|
Table B.1. Average Effective Tax Rate on Skills, as a % of the Earnings Increment
|
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
17 Years Old, Single No Children, 4 Years Education, No Borrowing, Scholarship Income |
17 Years Old, Single No Children, 4 Years Education Borrows Direct Costs at 0%, Scholarship Income |
17 Years Old, Single No Children, 4 Years Education Borrows Direct Costs and Lost Income at 0%, Scholarship Income |
17 Years Old, Single No Children, 4 Years Education Borrows Direct Costs at 6%, Scholarship Income |
17 Years Old, Single No Children, 4 Years Education Borrows Direct Costs and Lost Income at 6%, Scholarship Income |
27 Years Old, Single No Children, 1 Year Education, No Borrowing, Scholarship Income |
32 Years Old, Single No Children, Mid-Career Training, No Borrowing, No Scholarship Income |
50 Years Old, Single No Children, 1 Year Education, No Borrowing, Scholarship Income |
||
|
AUS |
Australia |
27.591 |
33.229 |
34.842 |
27.583 |
34.842 |
27.509 |
10.383 |
22.987 |
|
AUT |
Austria |
26.31 |
26.476 |
31.353 |
26.14 |
15.906 |
26.444 |
5.376 |
22.89 |
|
BEL |
Belgium |
36.287 |
36.698 |
42.865 |
35.865 |
24.674 |
36.694 |
12.514 |
25.173 |
|
CAN |
Canada |
22.85 |
24.892 |
28.835 |
19.769 |
7.619 |
25.719 |
17.032 |
21.731 |
|
CHL |
Chile |
0.0 |
4.545 |
7.051 |
-6.728 |
-16.953 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
CZE |
Czech Republic |
17.642 |
18.255 |
23.242 |
16.994 |
5.604 |
16.577 |
19.788 |
13.834 |
|
DNK |
Denmark |
40.527 |
41.398 |
44.555 |
39.398 |
32.782 |
41.794 |
41.674 |
34.695 |
|
EST |
Estonia |
16.128 |
17.375 |
22.662 |
14.744 |
3.029 |
15.473 |
7.171 |
10.854 |
|
FIN |
Finland |
33.603 |
33.993 |
38.666 |
33.196 |
23.875 |
33.747 |
24.715 |
28.937 |
|
GRC |
Greece |
27.547 |
27.564 |
33.219 |
27.531 |
15.894 |
30.797 |
24.254 |
24.941 |
|
HUN |
Hungary |
26.625 |
28.996 |
32.532 |
23.618 |
14.445 |
28.832 |
35.007 |
24.865 |
|
ISL |
Iceland |
32.201 |
32.644 |
39.347 |
31.744 |
18.63 |
30.727 |
13.987 |
25.511 |
|
IRL |
Ireland |
33.702 |
34.936 |
38.77 |
32.289 |
22.922 |
42.157 |
21.631 |
38.965 |
|
ISR |
Israel |
19.613 |
21.408 |
25.157 |
17.463 |
6.893 |
20.43 |
9.488 |
18.727 |
|
ITA |
Italy |
28.199 |
29.673 |
34.315 |
26.516 |
16.374 |
30.56 |
17.565 |
25.767 |
|
LUX |
Luxembourg |
30.95 |
31.212 |
35.809 |
30.68 |
21.009 |
31.26 |
9.065 |
25.056 |
|
MEX |
Mexico |
18.977 |
22.338 |
25.84 |
14.469 |
3.772 |
12.536 |
-11.745 |
9.579 |
|
NLD |
Netherlands |
39.836 |
40.67 |
44.557 |
38.92 |
29.436 |
35.838 |
13.538 |
32.176 |
|
NZL |
New Zealand |
23.178 |
25.136 |
28.614 |
20.764 |
11.635 |
26.166 |
29.534 |
23.182 |
|
NOR |
Norway |
28.573 |
28.854 |
33.607 |
28.284 |
18.859 |
31.465 |
36.442 |
27.799 |
|
POL |
Poland |
7.921 |
9.542 |
12.731 |
5.968 |
-3.109 |
6.925 |
8.707 |
5.43 |
|
PRT |
Portugal |
26.21 |
27.601 |
31.191 |
24.588 |
15.159 |
24.447 |
25.728 |
21.68 |
|
SVK |
Slovak Republic |
14.393 |
15.583 |
19.034 |
13.024 |
4.604 |
13.46 |
16.185 |
10.361 |
|
SVN |
Slovenia |
17.177 |
17.903 |
21.142 |
16.376 |
9.107 |
17.67 |
20.695 |
14.525 |
|
ESP |
Spain |
21.846 |
23.141 |
27.688 |
20.383 |
9.747 |
21.68 |
25.814 |
18.144 |
|
SWE |
Sweden |
29.528 |
29.548 |
34.412 |
29.508 |
19.947 |
37.512 |
2.946 |
33.817 |
|
CHE |
Switzerland |
17.272 |
17.841 |
22.649 |
16.671 |
5.587 |
18.633 |
18.141 |
16.239 |
|
TUR |
Turkey |
14.947 |
15.074 |
20.125 |
14.819 |
4.232 |
14.09 |
4.385 |
10.508 |
|
GBR |
United Kingdom |
14.873 |
18.236 |
22.735 |
10.517 |
-0.98 |
14.294 |
7.74 |
10.508 |
|
Table B.2. Breakeven Earnings Increments on Skills Investments, % of previous earnings
|
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
17 Years Old, Single No Children, 4 Years Education, No Borrowing, Scholarship Income |
17 Years Old, Single No Children, 4 Years Education Borrows Direct Costs at 0%, Scholarship Income |
17 Years Old, Single No Children, 4 Years Education Borrows Direct Costs and Lost Income at 0%, Scholarship Income |
17 Years Old, Single No Children, 4 Years Education Borrows Direct Costs at 6%, Scholarship Income |
17 Years Old, Single No Children, 4 Years Education Borrows Direct Costs and Lost Income at 6%, Scholarship Income |
27 Years Old, Single No Children, 1 Year Education, No Borrowing, Scholarship Income |
32 Years Old, Single No Children, Mid-Career Training, No Borrowing, No Scholarship Income |
50 Years Old, Single No Children, 1 Year Education, No Borrowing, Scholarship Income |
||
|
AUS |
Australia |
20.177 |
17.383 |
0.0 |
22.97 |
0.0 |
5.023 |
0.594 |
9.108 |
|
AUT |
Austria |
13.868 |
13.72 |
8.147 |
14.016 |
19.588 |
4.497 |
0.542 |
8.963 |
|
BEL |
Belgium |
12.539 |
12.22 |
7.676 |
12.858 |
17.402 |
4.578 |
0.623 |
12.654 |
|
CAN |
Canada |
13.094 |
10.802 |
5.146 |
14.846 |
19.307 |
5.265 |
0.738 |
9.97 |
|
CHL |
Chile |
23.277 |
18.768 |
13.675 |
27.786 |
32.878 |
5.946 |
0.648 |
11.238 |
|
CZE |
Czech Republic |
16.485 |
15.936 |
9.685 |
17.035 |
23.285 |
4.718 |
0.781 |
8.525 |
|
DNK |
Denmark |
4.451 |
3.824 |
2.13 |
4.849 |
5.853 |
2.533 |
1.051 |
7.553 |
|
EST |
Estonia |
15.664 |
14.627 |
9.297 |
16.701 |
22.031 |
4.635 |
0.626 |
9.339 |
|
FIN |
Finland |
11.717 |
11.376 |
6.884 |
12.058 |
16.55 |
4.05 |
0.847 |
9.427 |
|
GRC |
Greece |
17.461 |
17.446 |
10.536 |
17.477 |
24.387 |
6.28 |
0.619 |
13.279 |
|
HUN |
Hungary |
14.992 |
12.804 |
8.808 |
17.241 |
22.183 |
5.251 |
0.973 |
11.281 |
|
ISL |
Iceland |
15.596 |
15.214 |
9.074 |
15.978 |
22.119 |
4.499 |
0.597 |
7.479 |
|
IRL |
Ireland |
15.735 |
14.495 |
9.244 |
16.976 |
22.226 |
5.762 |
0.815 |
12.734 |
|
ISR |
Israel |
17.859 |
16.142 |
10.391 |
19.716 |
26.139 |
5.366 |
0.587 |
9.407 |
|
ITA |
Italy |
13.457 |
12.191 |
7.906 |
14.723 |
19.008 |
4.184 |
0.738 |
9.321 |
|
LUX |
Luxembourg |
14.995 |
14.721 |
8.953 |
15.222 |
21.197 |
5.133 |
0.658 |
13.625 |
|
MEX |
Mexico |
21.498 |
17.422 |
12.384 |
24.707 |
29.745 |
5.381 |
0.42 |
10.233 |
|
NLD |
Netherlands |
20.39 |
19.338 |
12.112 |
21.443 |
28.669 |
5.359 |
0.612 |
10.914 |
|
NZL |
New Zealand |
14.844 |
13.036 |
8.721 |
16.653 |
20.967 |
5.094 |
0.904 |
10.746 |
|
NOR |
Norway |
10.139 |
9.923 |
5.899 |
10.355 |
14.379 |
3.988 |
0.965 |
8.434 |
|
POL |
Poland |
15.229 |
13.74 |
8.947 |
16.718 |
21.511 |
4.385 |
0.695 |
8.884 |
|
PRT |
Portugal |
17.833 |
16.308 |
10.387 |
19.357 |
25.278 |
5.01 |
0.927 |
10.159 |
|
SVK |
Slovak Republic |
13.185 |
12.119 |
7.868 |
14.25 |
18.502 |
4.217 |
0.805 |
10.542 |
|
SVN |
Slovenia |
9.18 |
8.616 |
5.449 |
9.744 |
12.911 |
3.698 |
0.83 |
9.821 |
|
ESP |
Spain |
15.509 |
14.346 |
9.112 |
16.672 |
21.916 |
4.729 |
0.849 |
9.23 |
|
SWE |
Sweden |
10.263 |
10.241 |
6.029 |
10.275 |
14.518 |
3.676 |
0.549 |
9.023 |
|
CHE |
Switzerland |
15.817 |
15.302 |
9.222 |
16.299 |
22.345 |
4.839 |
0.695 |
8.824 |
|
TUR |
Turkey |
13.828 |
13.724 |
8.238 |
13.932 |
19.418 |
4.324 |
0.704 |
9.313 |
|
GBR |
United Kingdom |
16.932 |
14.034 |
9.806 |
19.83 |
24.059 |
4.712 |
0.613 |
8.075 |
|
Table B.3. Marginal Effective Tax Rate on Skills, % of Breakeven Earnings Increment
|
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
17 Years Old, Single No Children, 4 Years Education, No Borrowing, Scholarship Income |
17 Years Old, Single No Children, 4 Years Education Borrows Direct Costs at 0%, Scholarship Income |
17 Years Old, Single No Children, 4 Years Education Borrows Direct Costs and Lost Income at 0%, Scholarship Income |
17 Years Old, Single No Children, 4 Years Education Borrows Direct Costs at 6%, Scholarship Income |
17 Years Old, Single No Children, 4 Years Education Borrows Direct Costs and Lost Income at 6%, Scholarship Income |
27 Years Old, Single No Children, 1 Year Education, No Borrowing, Scholarship Income |
32 Years Old, Single No Children, Mid-Career Training, No Borrowing, No Scholarship Income |
50 Years Old, Single No Children, 1 Year Education, No Borrowing, Scholarship Income |
||
|
AUS |
Australia |
19.149 |
16.522 |
0.0 |
21.138 |
0.0 |
7.869 |
-4.038 |
8.537 |
|
AUT |
Austria |
9.142 |
8.957 |
9.142 |
9.324 |
9.142 |
10.707 |
-16.242 |
12.893 |
|
BEL |
Belgium |
-2.124 |
-3.244 |
-0.658 |
-1.059 |
-2.771 |
7.767 |
-7.306 |
13.5 |
|
CAN |
Canada |
-31.278 |
-43.902 |
-96.253 |
-26.873 |
-25.758 |
7.965 |
12.376 |
9.674 |
|
CHL |
Chile |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
CZE |
Czech Republic |
8.174 |
7.763 |
8.174 |
8.558 |
8.174 |
5.165 |
19.7 |
5.399 |
|
DNK |
Denmark |
-56.042 |
-73.732 |
-89.716 |
-49.497 |
-68.298 |
-16.22 |
41.705 |
3.886 |
|
EST |
Estonia |
-1.468 |
-3.02 |
-1.468 |
-0.109 |
-1.468 |
-0.903 |
-0.725 |
-0.057 |
|
FIN |
Finland |
6.436 |
5.572 |
6.436 |
7.252 |
6.436 |
8.162 |
22.594 |
16.256 |
|
GRC |
Greece |
12.885 |
12.874 |
12.885 |
12.897 |
12.885 |
25.715 |
23.278 |
19.002 |
|
HUN |
Hungary |
1.667 |
-1.52 |
1.667 |
4.384 |
6.129 |
16.159 |
34.992 |
19.497 |
|
ISL |
Iceland |
5.771 |
4.946 |
5.771 |
6.556 |
5.771 |
3.597 |
-2.622 |
3.597 |
|
IRL |
Ireland |
14.67 |
13.615 |
14.67 |
15.571 |
14.67 |
27.718 |
20.41 |
33.81 |
|
ISR |
Israel |
8.091 |
7.462 |
8.091 |
9.256 |
10.945 |
13.42 |
0.0 |
13.915 |
|
ITA |
Italy |
0.267 |
-2.802 |
0.267 |
2.808 |
0.267 |
0.481 |
13.184 |
9.718 |
|
LUX |
Luxembourg |
13.825 |
13.445 |
12.918 |
13.928 |
14.862 |
17.325 |
-4.473 |
19.733 |
|
MEX |
Mexico |
8.773 |
3.848 |
6.958 |
9.041 |
6.867 |
1.817 |
-49.944 |
2.73 |
|
NLD |
Netherlands |
34.527 |
34.228 |
35.243 |
34.797 |
34.224 |
22.535 |
-3.294 |
24.734 |
|
NZL |
New Zealand |
3.292 |
1.321 |
3.292 |
4.835 |
3.292 |
14.95 |
29.484 |
17.31 |
|
NOR |
Norway |
-5.568 |
-6.299 |
-5.568 |
-4.867 |
-5.568 |
9.24 |
36.422 |
15.181 |
|
POL |
Poland |
3.993 |
3.467 |
3.993 |
4.425 |
3.993 |
0.086 |
8.647 |
1.156 |
|
PRT |
Portugal |
19.972 |
19.222 |
19.284 |
20.604 |
20.255 |
13.813 |
25.549 |
15.557 |
|
SVK |
Slovak Republic |
3.951 |
2.851 |
3.951 |
4.885 |
3.951 |
2.256 |
16.12 |
4.894 |
|
SVN |
Slovenia |
-8.282 |
-9.64 |
-8.282 |
-7.081 |
-8.282 |
2.843 |
20.626 |
7.779 |
|
ESP |
Spain |
5.151 |
3.747 |
5.151 |
6.36 |
5.192 |
7.012 |
25.742 |
8.719 |
|
SWE |
Sweden |
-7.586 |
-7.71 |
-7.602 |
-7.577 |
-7.433 |
-1.579 |
-15.725 |
14.316 |
|
CHE |
Switzerland |
6.249 |
5.795 |
5.53 |
6.481 |
6.264 |
8.69 |
17.544 |
8.823 |
|
TUR |
Turkey |
1.967 |
1.848 |
1.967 |
2.084 |
1.967 |
1.147 |
-1.208 |
2.302 |
|
GBR |
United Kingdom |
-6.55 |
-12.033 |
-6.55 |
-2.67 |
-6.55 |
-4.222 |
0.0 |
-3.511 |
|
Table B.4. Average Returns to Costs Ratio of Government Investment in Education
|
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
17 Years Old, Single No Children, 4 Years Education, No Borrowing, Scholarship Income |
17 Years Old, Single No Children, 4 Years Education Borrows Direct Costs at 0%, Scholarship Income |
17 Years Old, Single No Children, 4 Years Education Borrows Direct Costs and Lost Income at 0%, Scholarship Income |
17 Years Old, Single No Children, 4 Years Education Borrows Direct Costs at 6%, Scholarship Income |
17 Years Old, Single No Children, 4 Years Education Borrows Direct Costs and Lost Income at 6%, Scholarship Income |
27 Years Old, Single No Children, 1 Year Education, No Borrowing, Scholarship Income |
32 Years Old, Single No Children, Mid-Career Training, No Borrowing, No Scholarship Income |
50 Years Old, Single No Children, 1 Year Education, No Borrowing, Scholarship Income |
||
|
AUS |
Australia |
1.68778 |
1.41643 |
0.70801 |
2.08773 |
0.70801 |
7.23612 |
14.02519 |
8.70542 |
|
AUT |
Austria |
1.03592 |
1.02664 |
0.76789 |
1.04537 |
1.59139 |
5.20919 |
7.16431 |
5.85762 |
|
BEL |
Belgium |
1.0051 |
0.99321 |
0.85004 |
1.01728 |
1.22935 |
4.84269 |
8.2971 |
4.20398 |
|
CAN |
Canada |
0.97892 |
0.88973 |
0.72645 |
1.06014 |
1.33072 |
6.53906 |
9.26291 |
7.35302 |
|
CHL |
Chile |
0.83398 |
0.43434 |
0.28182 |
10.43726 |
-0.86941 |
7.24507 |
8.5404 |
8.14692 |
|
CZE |
Czech Republic |
1.55766 |
1.50771 |
1.10463 |
1.61103 |
2.64062 |
7.51804 |
9.54375 |
8.45386 |
|
DNK |
Denmark |
0.58564 |
0.57539 |
0.54945 |
0.59233 |
0.60991 |
3.40016 |
6.26149 |
4.09056 |
|
EST |
Estonia |
0.6107 |
0.57734 |
0.45082 |
0.64815 |
0.94631 |
2.94334 |
3.98927 |
3.04228 |
|
FIN |
Finland |
1.02408 |
1.01156 |
0.8712 |
1.03691 |
1.24202 |
5.22973 |
7.93205 |
5.88072 |
|
GRC |
Greece |
1.19474 |
1.19309 |
0.7348 |
1.19639 |
3.1939 |
6.84543 |
11.25873 |
5.94258 |
|
HUN |
Hungary |
1.69286 |
1.54364 |
1.32953 |
1.87402 |
2.32945 |
6.73194 |
9.82068 |
7.5699 |
|
ISL |
Iceland |
1.60871 |
1.57494 |
1.17756 |
1.64397 |
2.53799 |
6.71351 |
12.90944 |
8.07668 |
|
IRL |
Ireland |
0.571 |
0.53667 |
0.42783 |
0.61003 |
0.85821 |
4.62929 |
6.61924 |
5.20552 |
|
ISR |
Israel |
1.51783 |
1.26176 |
0.80616 |
1.90431 |
12.95009 |
8.65954 |
11.69165 |
10.41786 |
|
ITA |
Italy |
1.54808 |
1.43432 |
1.14867 |
1.68143 |
2.37332 |
8.66049 |
17.98255 |
9.73852 |
|
LUX |
Luxembourg |
2.18367 |
2.15076 |
1.59601 |
2.2176 |
3.45632 |
10.09595 |
14.15512 |
8.7644 |
|
MEX |
Mexico |
1.27737 |
1.0927 |
0.89057 |
1.53714 |
2.25814 |
5.90647 |
6.774 |
6.6417 |
|
NLD |
Netherlands |
2.19745 |
2.06388 |
1.45604 |
2.34952 |
4.47724 |
9.92181 |
14.80145 |
11.15684 |
|
NZL |
New Zealand |
0.56434 |
0.49422 |
0.38122 |
0.65764 |
1.08604 |
4.07613 |
7.2746 |
4.58352 |
|
NOR |
Norway |
0.59788 |
0.592 |
0.50043 |
0.60387 |
0.74246 |
3.7374 |
6.20251 |
4.49628 |
|
POL |
Poland |
0.69446 |
0.63 |
0.48511 |
0.7736 |
1.22167 |
3.47731 |
4.31309 |
3.91016 |
|
PRT |
Portugal |
2.71825 |
2.46886 |
1.8202 |
3.02367 |
5.36546 |
14.81833 |
22.44828 |
16.66286 |
|
SVK |
Slovak Republic |
0.87991 |
0.83017 |
0.67738 |
0.93599 |
1.25521 |
4.37646 |
6.03244 |
4.30096 |
|
SVN |
Slovenia |
1.64313 |
1.59185 |
1.35448 |
1.69784 |
2.08815 |
10.50317 |
15.90975 |
10.85622 |
|
ESP |
Spain |
0.83315 |
0.77776 |
0.59862 |
0.89704 |
1.36982 |
4.18944 |
6.46095 |
4.71092 |
|
SWE |
Sweden |
0.48094 |
0.48064 |
0.40824 |
0.48124 |
0.58515 |
4.73061 |
6.13804 |
5.31946 |
|
CHE |
Switzerland |
0.90455 |
0.8772 |
0.64267 |
0.93365 |
1.52661 |
5.49978 |
6.7317 |
6.18436 |
|
TUR |
Turkey |
0.40358 |
0.40133 |
0.31022 |
0.40584 |
0.57732 |
2.12322 |
2.55467 |
2.11988 |
|
GBR |
United Kingdom |
1.53508 |
1.1891 |
0.89482 |
2.16502 |
5.39606 |
11.07618 |
30.29848 |
13.71686 |
|
Table B.5. Marginal Returns to Costs Ratio of Government Investment in Education
|
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
17 Years Old, Single No Children, 4 Years Education, No Borrowing, Scholarship Income |
17 Years Old, Single No Children, 4 Years Education Borrows Direct Costs at 0%, Scholarship Income |
17 Years Old, Single No Children, 4 Years Education Borrows Direct Costs and Lost Income at 0%, Scholarship Income |
17 Years Old, Single No Children, 4 Years Education Borrows Direct Costs at 6%, Scholarship Income |
17 Years Old, Single No Children, 4 Years Education Borrows Direct Costs and Lost Income at 6%, Scholarship Income |
27 Years Old, Single No Children, 1 Year Education, No Borrowing, Scholarship Income |
32 Years Old, Single No Children, Mid-Career Training, No Borrowing, No Scholarship Income |
50 Years Old, Single No Children, 1 Year Education, No Borrowing, Scholarship Income |
||
|
AUS |
Australia |
0.76164 |
0.7419 |
0.0 |
0.82757 |
0.0 |
0.69252 |
0.15878 |
0.79739 |
|
AUT |
Austria |
0.30198 |
0.30251 |
0.38102 |
0.30151 |
0.32843 |
0.52286 |
0.08675 |
0.63019 |
|
BEL |
Belgium |
0.33395 |
0.3393 |
0.48429 |
0.32898 |
0.28809 |
0.57506 |
0.13411 |
0.73835 |
|
CAN |
Canada |
0.17081 |
0.17951 |
0.23852 |
0.16766 |
0.17918 |
0.4929 |
0.09456 |
0.54804 |
|
CHL |
Chile |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
CZE |
Czech Republic |
0.25011 |
0.25043 |
0.3019 |
0.25034 |
0.30018 |
0.34548 |
0.07261 |
0.35485 |
|
DNK |
Denmark |
0.08736 |
0.09993 |
0.17128 |
0.08112 |
0.06919 |
0.2407 |
0.1839 |
0.48009 |
|
EST |
Estonia |
0.22378 |
0.22656 |
0.27832 |
0.22275 |
0.24655 |
0.31912 |
0.05846 |
0.34109 |
|
FIN |
Finland |
0.23198 |
0.23601 |
0.33591 |
0.22824 |
0.19918 |
0.40706 |
0.12188 |
0.60129 |
|
GRC |
Greece |
0.54984 |
0.54957 |
0.56045 |
0.55012 |
1.05248 |
1.26148 |
0.13196 |
1.0015 |
|
HUN |
Hungary |
0.16895 |
0.18038 |
0.22585 |
0.16609 |
0.20309 |
0.49481 |
0.13369 |
0.65905 |
|
ISL |
Iceland |
0.55048 |
0.55245 |
0.69255 |
0.54909 |
0.61238 |
0.66267 |
0.16912 |
0.66267 |
|
IRL |
Ireland |
0.30006 |
0.30616 |
0.38268 |
0.29714 |
0.31929 |
0.79781 |
0.10383 |
1.18163 |
|
ISR |
Israel |
0.34366 |
0.31606 |
0.31371 |
0.41337 |
2.5408 |
0.75599 |
0.11174 |
0.85624 |
|
ITA |
Italy |
0.35815 |
0.3663 |
0.45233 |
0.35555 |
0.38872 |
0.49302 |
0.18058 |
0.77205 |
|
LUX |
Luxembourg |
0.34677 |
0.34496 |
0.40394 |
0.34475 |
0.4106 |
0.67015 |
0.12256 |
0.86029 |
|
MEX |
Mexico |
0.21695 |
0.17618 |
0.22806 |
0.2122 |
0.239 |
0.24512 |
0.02195 |
0.27432 |
|
NLD |
Netherlands |
0.85662 |
0.85087 |
0.99221 |
0.8686 |
1.22176 |
0.8709 |
0.14839 |
1.101 |
|
NZL |
New Zealand |
0.24702 |
0.24634 |
0.28402 |
0.2566 |
0.33655 |
0.66824 |
0.21158 |
0.92687 |
|
NOR |
Norway |
0.1811 |
0.18322 |
0.26052 |
0.17909 |
0.15858 |
0.44524 |
0.17886 |
0.63166 |
|
POL |
Poland |
0.10151 |
0.10207 |
0.1207 |
0.10301 |
0.12642 |
0.14634 |
0.02875 |
0.18625 |
|
PRT |
Portugal |
0.44522 |
0.43985 |
0.49151 |
0.45827 |
0.63029 |
0.57373 |
0.16086 |
0.72954 |
|
SVK |
Slovak Republic |
0.14602 |
0.14988 |
0.18838 |
0.14371 |
0.14844 |
0.23045 |
0.06065 |
0.32667 |
|
SVN |
Slovenia |
0.07466 |
0.07706 |
0.10368 |
0.07268 |
0.06746 |
0.24966 |
0.0849 |
0.4151 |
|
ESP |
Spain |
0.27536 |
0.27789 |
0.33676 |
0.27579 |
0.32114 |
0.45724 |
0.12656 |
0.53539 |
|
SWE |
Sweden |
0.11818 |
0.11786 |
0.17063 |
0.11791 |
0.10247 |
0.23549 |
0.03927 |
0.48177 |
|
CHE |
Switzerland |
0.20378 |
0.20278 |
0.23547 |
0.20262 |
0.2437 |
0.38231 |
0.06418 |
0.39657 |
|
TUR |
Turkey |
0.15967 |
0.15999 |
0.20602 |
0.15937 |
0.16266 |
0.24568 |
0.04809 |
0.27602 |
|
GBR |
United Kingdom |
0.425 |
0.39719 |
0.42779 |
0.5118 |
1.05141 |
0.53419 |
0.19011 |
0.60023 |
Note
← 1. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law.