Country statistical profiles: Key tables from OECD - ISSN 2075-2288 - © OECD 2023
| | Country statistical profile: Poland 2023 | |||||||||
| | ||||||||||
| | | Unit | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 |
| | Production and income | |||||||||
| | GDP per capita | USD current PPPs | 26 496 | 27 831 | 29 609 | 31 662 | 34 593 | 34 897 | 37 826 | |
| | Gross national income (GNI) per capita | USD current PPPs | 25 509 | 26 705 | 28 355 | 30 329 | 33 149 | 33 578 | 35 957 | .. |
| | Household disposable income per capita | Annual growth % | 3.0 | 6.0 | 3.4 | 4.0 | 4.5 | 4.1 | -1.8 | 2.8 |
| | Economic growth | |||||||||
| | Real GDP growth | Annual growth % | 4.4 | 3.0 | 5.1 | 5.9 | 4.5 | -2.0 | 6.9 | 5.1 |
| | Net saving rate in household disposable income | % | 2.2 | 4.3 | 1.9 | 1.4 | 2.5 | 9.5 | 0.7 | .. |
| | Gross fixed capital formation | Annual growth % | 6.9 | -7.6 | 1.6 | 12.6 | 6.2 | -2.3 | 1.2 | 5.0 |
| | Economic structure: share of real value added | |||||||||
| | Agriculture, forestry, fishing | % | 2.8 | 3.0 | 3.4 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 2.6 | 2.4 |
| | Industry including energy | % | 26.4 | 27.0 | 25.5 | 24.9 | 24.8 | 24.7 | 25.9 | 27.6 |
| | Construction | % | 8.7 | 7.8 | 7.4 | 7.9 | 7.7 | 7.5 | 6.4 | 6.1 |
| | Trade, repairs, transport, accomm., food services | % | 24.5 | 24.2 | 25.2 | 25.1 | 24.7 | 23.8 | 24.0 | 23.1 |
| | Information, communication | % | 3.9 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.6 | 4.9 | 4.5 |
| | Finance and insurance | % | 4.0 | 4.1 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 3.9 | 5.0 |
| | Real estate | % | 4.9 | 5.1 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 5.5 | 5.7 |
| | Professional, scientific, support services | % | 8.3 | 8.2 | 8.8 | 9.1 | 9.1 | 9.1 | 8.9 | 9.2 |
| | Public admin., defence, education, health, social work | % | 14.6 | 14.6 | 14.5 | 14.9 | 14.8 | 15.5 | 16.0 | 14.6 |
| | Other services (ISIC Rev.4 R - U) | % | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.8 |
| | Government deficits and debt | |||||||||
| | Government deficit | % of GDP | -2.6 | -2.4 | -1.5 | -0.2 | -0.7 | -6.9 | -1.8 | -3.7 |
| | General government debt | % of GDP | 70.3 | 73.4 | 69.0 | 66.7 | 63.6 | 77.5 | 68.1 | 58.7 |
| | General government revenues | % of GDP | 39.1 | 38.9 | 39.9 | 41.2 | 41.1 | 41.3 | 42.3 | 39.8 |
| | General government expenditures | % of GDP | 41.7 | 41.3 | 41.4 | 41.4 | 41.9 | 48.2 | 44.1 | .. |
| | Expenditure | |||||||||
| | Government/compulsory expenditure on health | % of GDP | 4.5 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 5.0 |
| | Voluntary expenditure on health | % of GDP | 1.9 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.7 |
| | Public social expenditure | % of GDP | 20.2 | 21.2 | 20.8 | 20.5 | 21.2 | 23.2 | 22.6 | 22.7 |
| | Private social expenditure | % of GDP | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | .. |
| | Public pension expenditure | % of GDP | 11.1 | 11.0 | 10.6 | 10.7 | 10.9 | .. | .. | .. |
| | Private pension expenditure | % of GDP | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | .. | .. |
| | Official Development Assistance - grant equivalent | % of GNI | .. | .. | .. | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.51 |
| | Official Development Assistance - flows basis | % of GNI | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.13 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| | Taxes | |||||||||
| | Total tax revenue | % of GDP | 32.4 | 33.4 | 34.1 | 35.1 | 35.1 | 35.5 | 36.8 | .. |
| | Tax on personal income | % of GDP | 4.7 | 4.8 | 5.0 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.4 | .. |
| | Tax on corporate profits | % of GDP | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.6 | .. |
| | Taxes on goods and services | % of GDP | 11.9 | 12.4 | 12.8 | 13.1 | 12.8 | 12.9 | 13.9 | .. |
| | Taxes on the average worker | % of labour cost | 35.7 | 35.6 | 35.7 | 35.8 | 35.6 | 34.8 | 34.9 | 33.6 |
| | Trade | |||||||||
| | Imports of goods and services | % of GDP | 45.4 | 47.3 | 49.2 | 50.7 | 49.5 | 47.3 | 54.4 | 60.7 |
| | Exports of goods and services | % of GDP | 47.5 | 50.3 | 52.1 | 52.7 | 53.2 | 53.0 | 57.7 | 62.2 |
| | Goods trade balance: exports minus imports of goods | Bln USD | 3.6 | 5.6 | 2.0 | -4.3 | 2.3 | 12.8 | 0.2 | -18.2 |
| | Imports of goods | Bln USD | 196.5 | 199.7 | 233.7 | 268.9 | 265.3 | 261.7 | 342.0 | 383.9 |
| | Exports of goods | Bln USD | 200.2 | 205.2 | 235.7 | 264.6 | 267.6 | 274.5 | 342.6 | 365.8 |
| | Service trade balance: exports minus imports of services | Bln USD | 12.2 | 15.4 | 20.3 | 25.3 | 26.9 | 26.2 | 31.7 | 38.4 |
| | Imports of services | Bln USD | 32.0 | 33.5 | 37.4 | 43.1 | 43.5 | 40.3 | 49.6 | 57.2 |
| | Exports of services | Bln USD | 44.3 | 48.9 | 57.7 | 68.4 | 70.5 | 66.4 | 81.3 | 95.6 |
| | Current account balance of payments | % of GDP | -1.1 | -1.1 | -1.2 | -1.9 | -0.3 | 2.4 | -1.2 | -2.5 |
| | Foreign direct investment (FDI) | |||||||||
| | Outward FDI stocks | Mln USD | 23 589 | 27 507 | 30 706 | 26 424 | 27 457 | 27 830 | 28 123 | 30 709 |
| | Inward FDI stocks | Mln USD | 185 177 | 188 853 | 241 218 | 231 603 | 241 621 | 257 586 | 271 915 | 269 925 |
| | Inflows of foreign direct investment | Mln USD | 11 819 | 17 329 | 9 507 | 16 376 | 13 326 | 15 274 | 29 462 | 29 587 |
| | Outflows of foreign direct investment | Mln USD | 1 928 | 13 122 | 1 878 | 1 239 | 1 674 | 1 151 | 1 783 | 2 226 |
| | Prices and interest rates | |||||||||
| | Inflation rate: all items | Annual growth % | -0.9 | -0.6 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 3.4 | 5.1 | 14.3 |
| | Inflation rate: all items non food non energy | Annual growth % | 0.3 | -0.2 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 2.0 | 3.9 | 4.1 | 9.1 |
| | Inflation rate: food | Annual growth % | -1.6 | 0.9 | 4.3 | 2.6 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 3.2 | 15.4 |
| | Inflation rate: energy | Annual growth % | -4.1 | -3.8 | 3.2 | 3.6 | -0.4 | -0.6 | 12.1 | 29.8 |
| | Producer Price Indices (PPI): manufacturing | Annual growth % | -3.0 | 0.3 | 4.6 | 3.2 | 1.1 | -1.9 | 11.0 | 24.9 |
| | Long-term interest rates | % | 2.70 | 3.04 | 3.42 | 3.20 | 2.35 | 1.50 | 1.94 | 6.05 |
| | Purchasing power and exchange rates | |||||||||
| | Purchasing power parities | PLN per USD | 1.77 | 1.73 | 1.74 | 1.75 | 1.72 | 1.75 | 1.82 | 1.89 |
| | Exchange rates | PLN per USD | 3.77 | 3.94 | 3.78 | 3.61 | 3.84 | 3.90 | 3.86 | 4.46 |
| | Indices of price levels | OECD=100 | 53 | 51 | 53 | 55 | 53 | 53 | 54 | 53 |
| | Energy supply and prices | |||||||||
| | Total primary energy supply (TPES) | Mtoe | 94.9 | 99.3 | 103.8 | 108.8 | 104.8 | 101.7 | 108.0 | 103.9 |
| | TPES per unit of GDP at 2000 prices and PPPs | Toe per '000 USD | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.08 |
| | Renewable energy | Ktoe | 8 970.2 | 8 752.9 | 8 863.7 | 12 071.1 | 12 446.9 | 12 652.7 | 12 697.1 | .. |
| | Crude oil import prices | USD per barrel | 49.75 | 40.64 | 52.63 | 69.06 | 63.49 | 41.31 | 69.70 | 91.46 |
| | Information and Communications Technology (ICT) | |||||||||
| | Households with access to computers | % | 77.9 | .. | 81.8 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| | Households with access to internet | % | 75.8 | 80.4 | 81.9 | 84.2 | 86.8 | 90.4 | 92.4 | 93.3 |
| | Environment | |||||||||
| | Water abstactions | Mln m3 | 11 094 | 11 153 | 10 652 | 10 334 | 9 762 | 9 166 | 9 781 | .. |
| | National fish landings in domestic ports | '000 tonnes | 107 | 117 | 109 | 121 | 95 | 102 | .. | .. |
| | National fish landings in foreign ports | '000 tonnes | 26 | 20 | 27 | 32 | 26 | 12 | .. | .. |
| | Aquaculture | '000 tonnes | 37 | 38 | 39 | 43 | 45 | 45 | .. | |
| | Municipal waste total | '000 tonnes | 12 485 | 12 753 | 13 117 | 13 674 | .. | |||
| | Municipal waste total per capita | Kg | 282 | 303 | 312 | 325 | 332 | 342 | 358 | .. |
| | CO2emissions from fuel combustion | Mln tonnes | 283 | 293 | 306 | 304 | 287 | 271 | 295 | .. |
| | Education | |||||||||
| | Tertiary attainment in population aged 25-64 | % | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 33 | 34 |
| | Expenditure per student: primary, 2010 prices | USD constant PPPs | 6 819 | 6 943 | 7 782 | 8 555 | 9 280 | 11 872 | .. | .. |
| | Expenditure per student: secondary, 2010 prices | USD constant PPPs | 6 868 | 7 266 | 7 553 | 8 214 | 9 010 | 8 485 | .. | .. |
| | Expenditure per student: tertiary, 2010 prices | USD constant PPPs | 9 775 | 9 156 | 10 012 | 11 183 | 13 389 | 14 488 | .. | .. |
| | Youths 15-19 not in education nor employment | % | 5.2 | 5.6 | 2.9 | 3.5 | 3.1 | 2.8 | 7.5 | 7.0 |
| | Youths 20-24 not in education nor employment | % | 18.5 | 18.0 | 15.9 | 14.5 | 14.0 | 15.4 | 15.7 | 13.6 |
| | Employment | |||||||||
| | Employment rate in population aged 15-24 | % | 25.7 | 28.1 | 29.4 | 30.8 | 31.7 | 28.2 | 27.4 | 27.8 |
| | Employment rate in population aged 25-54 | % | 77.8 | 79.0 | 80.3 | 81.5 | 82.0 | 82.2 | 84.8 | 85.7 |
| | Employment rate in population aged 55-64 | % | 43.4 | 45.4 | 47.7 | 48.4 | 49.1 | 51.2 | 54.7 | 56.5 |
| | Incidence of part-time employment | % | 6.4 | 6.0 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.0 | 4.9 |
| | Self-employment rate: total employment | % | 21.2 | 20.7 | 20.4 | 20.3 | 20.0 | 19.7 | 19.9 | |
| | Self-employment rate: male employment | % | 24.2 | 23.9 | 23.9 | 23.7 | 23.5 | 23.8 | 24.1 | |
| | Self-employment rate: female employment | % | 17.6 | 16.8 | 16.1 | 16.1 | 15.7 | 14.8 | 14.8 | |
| | Unemployment | |||||||||
| | Unemployment rate: total labour force | % | 7.7 | 6.3 | 5.0 | 3.9 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 2.9 |
| | Unemployment rate: male labour force | % | 7.5 | 6.3 | 5.0 | 3.9 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.4 | 2.9 |
| | Unemployment rate: female labour force | % | 7.9 | 6.3 | 5.0 | 3.9 | 3.6 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 2.9 |
| | Long-term unemployment: total unemployed | % | 39.3 | 35.0 | 31.0 | 26.9 | 21.6 | 20.0 | 26.6 | 30.1 |
| | Labour compensation and hours worked | |||||||||
| | Labour compensation per unit labour input, total economy | Annual growth % | 2.0 | 4.8 | 6.6 | 8.9 | 8.9 | 5.7 | 2.3 | 14.1 |
| | Average time worked per person in employment | Hours per year | 1 829 | 1 831 | 1 812 | 1 787 | 1 783 | 1 769 | 1 828 | 1 815 |
| | Research and Development (R&D) | |||||||||
| | Gross domestic expenditure on R&D | Mln USD | 10 232 | 10 156 | 11 447 | 14 093 | 16 151 | 16 575 | 18 310 | .. |
| | Researchers: full-time equivalent | Per '000 employed | 5.2 | 5.5 | 7.0 | 7.2 | 7.4 | 7.6 | 8.1 | .. |
| | Population | |||||||||
| | Total population | '000 persons | 38 455 | 38 427 | 38 422 | 38 413 | 38 386 | 38 354 | 38 162 | 37 827 |
| | Total fertitity rates | Children | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.3 | .. |
| | Youth population aged less than 15 | % of population | 15.0 | 15.0 | 15.1 | 15.2 | 15.3 | 15.3 | 15.3 | 15.5 |
| | Elderly population aged 65 and over | % of population | 15.5 | 16.1 | 16.7 | 17.2 | 17.8 | 18.4 | 18.8 | 19.2 |
| | International migration | |||||||||
| | Foreign-born population | % of population | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 2.0 | .. | .. | .. |
| | Foreign population | % of population | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.6 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| | Unemployment rate in population of native-born men | % of labour force | 7.4 | 6.2 | 4.9 | 3.9 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.4 | .. |
| | Unemployment rate in population of foreign-born men | % of labour force | 8.1 | .. | .. | 4.2 | 5.0 | .. | .. | .. |
| | Unemployment rate in population of native-born women | % of labour force | 7.8 | 6.3 | 4.9 | 3.9 | 3.6 | 3.3 | 3.4 | .. |
| | Unemployment rate in population of foreign-born women | % of labour force | 13.7 | 14.2 | .. | 5.4 | 6.6 | .. | 6.3 | .. |
| | Health | |||||||||
| | Life expectancy at birth | Years | 77.5 | 78.0 | 77.8 | 77.7 | 78.0 | 76.5 | 75.5 | .. |
| | Life expectancy at birth: men | Years | 73.5 | 73.9 | 73.9 | 73.7 | 74.1 | 72.5 | 71.6 | .. |
| | Life expectancy at birth: women | Years | 81.6 | 82.0 | 81.8 | 81.7 | 81.9 | 80.7 | 79.6 | .. |
| | Infant mortality | Per '000 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.6 | 3.9 | .. |
| | Overweight or obese, % of population aged 15 and over | Measured | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| | Suicide Rates | Per 100 000 persons | 13.7 | 11.9 | 11.3 | 11.3 | 11.6 | 11.5 | .. | .. |
| | Transport | |||||||||
| | Goods transport | Mln tonne-km | 347 740 | 377 246 | 425 313 | 459 261 | 469 945 | 533 630 | 483 533 | .. |
| | Passenger transport | Mln passenger-km | 283 199 | 290 547 | 244 721 | .. | ||||
| | Road Fatalities | Per mln inhabitants | 8 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 6 | .. |
| Last updated: 6 October 2023; disclaimer: http://oe.cd/disclaimer | ||||||||||
Not available | ||||||||||
Break in series | ||||||||||
Estimated value | ||||||||||
| Source: OECD Data (data.oecd.org). | ||||||||||