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Ce Guide a été élaboré pour faciliter la mise en œuvre concrète des Lignes directrices de l’OCDE sur le gouvernement d’entreprise des entreprises publiques dans les domaines de la transparence et de la reddition de comptes. Il propose aux responsables de l’action publique des solutions viables ainsi qu’une feuille de route décrivant pas à pas comment aborder les difficultés, les risques et les obstacles qu’ils sont susceptibles de rencontrer. Il contient en outre des exemples concrets de bonnes pratiques pouvant servir de référence et de source d’inspiration. Le Guide apportera une aide aux responsables gouvernementaux, aux entreprises dont l’État est actionnaire et à d’autres parties prenantes souhaitant évaluer les pratiques existantes et appuyer les réformes.

Dans la plupart des pays, l’amélioration de la transparence et de la reddition de comptes dans les entreprises publiques soulève un certain nombre de défis complexes. Les relever, ce qui sera une tâche plus facile grâce à ce Guide, sera une étape décisive du processus visant à faire en sorte que les entreprises publiques soient convenablement dirigées et économiquement saines.

Spanish, English
  • 14 Dec 2010
  • OECD
  • Pages: 293

In the search for a rapid, sustainable and lasting recovery from the economic crisis, science, technology and innovation are expected to play a driving role. But what are the implications for science and innovation policy? What steps are countries taking to boost their capabilities in these areas? What place are emerging economies likely to occupy in the science, technology and innovation landscape?

The OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2010 reviews key trends in science, technology and innovation in OECD countries and a number of major emerging economies including Brazil, China, India, Russia and South Africa. Using the latest available data and indicators, it examines topics high on the agenda of economic policy makers, including performance in science and innovation, trends in national science, technology and innovation policies and the design and assessment of innovation policy, including policy interactions and the “policy mix”. It provides individual profiles of the science and innovation performance of each country and relates these to their national context and current policy challenges.

"a comprehensive, up-to-date and authoritative source for graduate students, researchers, and the general public.  Recommended."                                      -Choice

German, French
Companies are increasingly aware of the need to address climate change. However, while many companies are taking action to address climate change, many others are still lagging behind.  This report surveys responsible business practices addressing climate change and driving the shift to a low-carbon economy. It summarises policies, regulations and other instruments in support of a low carbon economy in OECD countries and emerging economies, and analyses corporate responses to these drivers.
Using the principles of responsible business conduct identified in the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, this report reviews three key areas of corporate action: accounting for greenhouse gas emissions; achieving emissions reductions; and engaging suppliers, consumers and other stakeholders.
French

Ce rapport annuel dresse un état des mesures prises au cours des douze mois écoulés par les 41 gouvernements adhérents pour renforcer la contribution des Principes directeurs à un meilleur fonctionnement de l’économie mondiale. En neuf ans, les principes directeurs se sont imposés comme l’un des grands instruments mondiaux de la responsabilité d’entreprise comme en témoignent le dernier conseil ministériel de 2009 de l’OCDE et le sommet du G8 de L’Aquila. Cette édition 2009 contient les résultats de la Table ronde de l'OCDE sur la responsabilité des entreprises : « Pouvoir des consommateurs et conduite responsable des entreprises ».

English
  • 29 Nov 2010
  • OECD
  • Pages: 312

Migrants contribute to the economic growth of their host countries in many ways, bringing new skills and competencies with them and helping to reduce labour shortages.  An aspect that has received only limited attention up to now is migrants’ contribution to entrepreneurial activity and employment creation in their host countries.  In OECD countries, entrepreneurship is slightly higher among immigrants than natives and the total number of persons employed in migrant businesses is substantial, although the survival rate of these businesses is often lower than that of their native counterparts. Migrant entrepreneurship has gone beyond traditional ethnic businesses, into a wide range of sectors and innovative areas.

Greater knowledge of migrant entrepreneurship is essential if policy makers are to better support migrant enterprises and their role in economic growth and job creation. In addition, increasing awareness of the positive role that migrants can play as entrepreneurs could contribute to a more balanced public debate on immigration.   Taking a cross-country perspective, this publication sheds light on these issues and more, discussing policy options to foster the development and success of migrant businesses. It is a compilation of papers presented at a June 2010 conference organised by the OECD Secretariat, with the financial support of the Swedish and Turkish authorities, and the Dutch-Turkish Businessmen Association (HOTIAD).

Nanotechnology has its origin in the converging abilities of physics, chemistry and materials science.  Its purpose is the manipulation of atoms and molecules in order to create new properties of materials and systems for a wide variety of applications in a very broad range of sectors. Nanotechnology is forecast to create large markets and many new jobs and may be the springboard for industrial renewal and long-term growth. Governments around the world have targeted this emerging technology in their R&D investments and are strategising about the best ways to promote the responsible development and use of nanotechnology given the absence of any in-depth analysis of its commercialisation.

What are the potential economic impacts of nanotechnology, how are companies using nanotechnology for innovation, and what are the key challenges in its commercialisation? These are some of the issues that this book addresses, based on a large number of company case studies in several countries.

  • 24 Nov 2010
  • OECD
  • Pages: 140

Les marchés des biens et services ont beaucoup changé au cours des 20 dernières années. Les réformes des régulations, les marchés internationaux, de nouvelles technologies, et un rôle plus proéminent des services dans l’activité économique – tout cela a servi de moteur à des changements bien souvent bénéfiques pour les consommateurs. La variété et la complexité accrue de nombreux marchés font qu’il est de plus en plus difficile de comparer et de déterminer la valeur des biens et services. Les défis auxquels font face les consommateurs ont créé des défis similaires pour les autorités gouvernementales chargées de les protéger contre la fraude et les pratiques commerciales injustes.
Cet ouvrage se penche sur l’évolution des marchés et donne un aperçu des améliorations possibles dans le domaine des politiques de consommation. Il étudie, pour la première fois, comment l’étude de l’économie du comportement est en train de transformer la manière dont les décideurs politiques abordent différents problèmes.

English

The OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises are recommendations to international business for conduct in such areas as human rights, labour, environment, consumer protection, the fight against corruption and taxation.  The recommendations are made by the adhering governments and, although not binding, governments are committed to promoting their observance. 

This Annual Report provides an account of the actions taken by the 42 adhering governments over the 12 months to June 2010 to enhance the contribution of the Guidelines to the improved functioning of the global economy.
 
Ten years after the 2000 revision of the Guidelines, work is starting on an update of the Guidelines to ensure their continued role as a leading international instrument for the promotion of responsible business conduct.  This edition focuses on three core issues for consideration during the update: supply chains, human rights, and climate change.

French

The spectacular success of several well-known new ventures in technological fields, which in little more than a decade have jumped from the state of start-ups to that of top international businesses, has pointed to innovation as a key factor in the high growth of firms.  These high-growth enterprises often drive job creation and innovation, so policy makers are increasingly making such companies a key focus. Specifically, how can government policy foster the creation of more high-growth enterprises; what are the growth factors, and how can they be leveraged; what are the appropriate ways to provide such support?

To help answer these questions, this report presents findings from two new research studies: (1) reports from 15 countries (Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland and Tunisia) that provide interesting insights into the operations of and challenges faced by high-growth enterprises; (2) a policy survey by the OECD Working Party on SMEs and Entrepreneurship, which reviewed more than 340 programmes that policy makers in 24 countries have put in place to support the growth of enterprises. 

Some of this report’s findings may surprise: any firm can be a growth company; growth is almost always a temporary phase; high-growth small firms are funded mostly by debt, not equity. These and many more insights are summarised and analysed, providing policy makers with ideas on how to power growth at the firm level.

As part of a far-reaching programme of economic reforms, the Egyptian government is seeking to improve its business climate to attract more investment and stimulate growth and job creation. The Egyptian Ministry of Investment has asked the OECD to carry out an in-depth assessment of Egypt’s business climate to identify policy priorities and actions needed to foster more domestic, regional and international investment. This report presents the results of that assessment. It also highlights Egypt’s key reform priorities and describes the challenges and opportunities in improving Egypt's business climate to help Egypt realise its full potential as a high-growth economy.

The OECD assessment is the first phase of a Business Climate Development Strategy (BCDS) which identifies policy priorities and proposes specific reforms and actions to enable Egypt to achieve measurable improvements in its business climate. One key finding is that Egypt’s investment and trade policy reforms have moved the country’s business climate closer to best practice in OECD economies. However, the report notes that to attract further private investment, Egypt needs to improve the country’s anti-corruption measures, skills development, infrastructure and access to finance, especially for the country's small-and-medium sized enterprises. BCDS Egypt offers specific recommendations on how policies, institutions and regulations can be improved to increase predictability for investors and make Egypt a prime investment destination.

This review was carried out as part of the wider MENA-OECD Investment Programme. It uses a new BCDS methodology that evaluates the business climate in 12 policy areas and draws on core OECD instruments, such as the Policy Framework for Investment (PFI), which have been successfully applied in other countries. By helping countries prioritise their actions and build consensus among stakeholders, the BCDS process supports the successful implementation of reforms to develop the private sector in the MENA region.  
  • 10 Sept 2010
  • OECD, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
  • Pages: 280

La presente es la decimosexta edición de Perspectivas Agrícolas y la sexta ocasión en que esta publicación ha sido preparada en conjunto por la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE) y la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación (FAO). Esta edición cubre las perspectivas de los mercados de productos durante el periodo 2010-2019 y reúne los conocimientos sobre productos, políticas y países de ambas organizaciones. En el informe se analizan las tendencias mundiales de mercado para los principales productos agrícolas, así como para los biocombustibles. Proporciona también una evaluación de las expectativas del mercado agrícola para la producción, el consumo, el comercio, las existencias y los precios de los productos incluidos.

Los supuestos macroeconómicos que condicionan las proyecciones de productos estudiadas son más positivos en esta edición que en el informe del año pasado. Se espera que el retorno anticipado al crecimiento económico global, el aumento de la población, los mercados emergentes de biocombustibles y una estructura de costos más altos apuntalen los precios y los mercados internacionales de productos durante el periodo de las perspectivas bajo estudio. Se proyecta que los países en desarrollo serán la fuerza impulsora del crecimiento esperado en la producción, el consumo y el comercio agrícolas.

El informe de este año incluye también una sección especial sobre volatilidad de los precios y transmisión de precios del nivel mundial a los mercados internos. A los gobiernos les preocupa la volatilidad de los precios porque afecta la viabilidad de las granjas, la seguridad alimentaria y la inversión requerida. En la obra se analiza la evidencia y los cambios en la volatilidad de los precios en el largo plazo y se resumen las recomendaciones de política por parte de la FAO y de la OCDE al respecto.

French, English
  • 26 Aug 2010
  • OECD
  • Pages: 128

The dramatic collapse in world trade in 2009 is, this report shows, mainly due to: the drop in demand for highly traded products; the drying up of trade finance; and the vertically integrated nature of global supply chains. Contrary to expectations, protectionist measures were relatively muted and did not play a significant part. In fact, because of their sheer size, stimulus measures may have had more impact on trade than direct trade policy measures Nevertheless, dollar for dollar, direct trade restricting measures have the most strongly negative impacts on growth and employment: a one dollar increase in tariff revenues results in a USD 2.16 drop in world exports and a USD 0.73 drop in world income.

The analyses presented here suggest that exit strategies from measures to deal with the crisis will be most effective in boosting growth and jobs if they first roll back measures that discriminate between domestic and foreign firms and those that target specific sectors. General demand stimulus measures and active labour market policies are preferable under current conditions.

This second edition of the OECD Economic Globalisation Indicators presents a broad range of indicators showing the magnitude and intensity of globalisation. This process is becoming increasingly important for policymakers and other analysts, hence the need for a volume that brings together the existing measures, based on national data sources and comparable across countries. Together, the indicators shed new light on financial, technological and trade interdependencies within OECD and non-OECD countries.

Measures of globalisation include indicators on capital movements and foreign direct investments, international trade, the economic activity of multinational firms and the internationalisation of technology. In addition, the 2010 edition also includes indicators linked to the current financial crisis, portfolio investments, environmental aspects and the emergence of global value chains.

L’éco-innovation sera un élément essentiel des efforts consentis par l’industrie pour parer au changement climatique et parvenir à une « croissance verte » dans l’ère post-Kyoto. Elle appelle une adoption plus rapide des percées technologiques et une application plus générale des solutions existantes, y compris non technologiques. Par ailleurs, elle fournit l’occasion d’impliquer de nouveaux acteurs, de développer de nouveaux secteurs d’activité et d’accroître la compétitivité. La restructuration des économies sera impérative dans les décennies à venir.

Cet ouvrage présente les recherches et analyses conduites au cours de la première phase du Projet de l’OCDE sur la production durable et l’éco-innovation. Il a pour objet de fournir des outils d’évaluation comparative de la durabilité de la production et de stimuler l’éco-innovation moyennant une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes de l’innovation. Il passe en revue les concepts et forme un cadre d’analyse ; il décrit la nature de l’éco-innovation et ses processus ; il examine les indicateurs existants de la durabilité de la production ; il étudie les méthodologies applicables à la mesure de l’éco-innovation ; et il fait le point sur les stratégies nationales et initiatives des pouvoirs publics concernant l’éco-innovation. Pour de plus amples informations sur les travaux de l’OCDE dans ce domaine, veuillez consulter www.oecd.org/sti/innovation/green .

La publication L’éco-innovation dans l’industrie : favoriser la croissance verte est un volet de la Stratégie de l’OCDE pour l’innovation, stratégie globale destinée à mettre l’innovation au service d’une croissance et d’un développement plus vigoureux et plus durables, et à répondre aux grands enjeux de société du XXIème siècle. Pour de plus amples informations sur la Stratégie de l’OCDE pour l’innovation, veuillez consulter www.oecd.org/innovation/strategie .

L’ éco-innovation dans l’industrie : favoriser la croissance verte s’intègre également à la Stratégie de l’OCDE pour une croissance verte, qui aidera les pouvoirs publics des pays membres et non-membres de l’OCDE à identifier les politiques propices à une croissance et à un développement économiques propres, économes en ressources et émettant peu de carbone. Pour de plus amples informations sur la Stratégie de l’OCDE pour une croissance verte, veuillez consulter www.oecd.org/croissanceverte.

English

Les Principes de l’OCDE applicables en matière de prix de transfert fournissent des lignes directrices pour l’application du « principe de pleine concurrence ». Ce principe est le consensus international en matière de prix de transfert, c’est-à-dire pour la valorisation, aux fins fiscales, des transactions internationales entre entreprises associées. Dans une économie globale où les entreprises multinationales (EMN) jouent un rôle essentiel, les prix de transfert sont un sujet prioritaire pour les administrations fiscales comme pour les contribuables. Les gouvernements doivent s’assurer que les profits imposables des EMN ne sont pas transférés artificiellement hors de leurs juridictions et que les bases fiscales déclarées par les EMN dans leurs pays respectifs reflètent l’activité économique qui y est entreprise. Pour les contribuables, il est essentiel de limiter les risques de double imposition économique qui peuvent résulter d’un différend entre deux pays sur la détermination d’une rémunération de pleine concurrence pour leurs transactions internationales avec des entreprises associées.

Les Principes de l’OCDE applicables en matière de prix de transfert ont été approuvés par le Conseil de l’OCDE dans leur version originale en 1995. Une mise à jour limitée a été effectuée en 2009, principalement pour refléter l’adoption, dans la mise à jour 2008 du Modèle de convention fiscale, d’un nouveau paragraphe 5 de l’article 25 traitant de l’arbitrage, ainsi que de changements apportés au Commentaire de l’article 25 sur les procédures amiables pour résoudre les différends fiscaux internationaux. Dans la version 2010, les chapitres I à III ont été substantiellement révisés, avec de nouvelles indications sur la sélection de la méthode de prix de transfert la plus appropriée aux circonstances d’un cas d’espèce, sur l’application pratique des méthodes transactionnelles fondées sur les bénéfices (méthode transactionnelle de marge nette et méthode du partage des bénéfices) et sur la manière d’effectuer une analyse de comparabilité. De plus, un nouveau chapitre IX sur les aspects prix de transfert des réorganisations d’entreprises a été ajouté. Des modifications de conformité ont été effectuées dans le reste des Principes.

Slovenian, German, Serbian, Ukrainian, Spanish, All

The OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations provide guidance on the application of the “arm’s length principle”, which is the international consensus on transfer pricing, i.e. on the valuation, for tax purposes, of cross-border transactions between associated enterprises. In a global economy where multinational enterprises (MNEs) play a prominent role, transfer pricing is high on the agenda of tax administrators and taxpayers alike. Governments need to ensure that the taxable profits of MNEs are not artificially shifted out of their jurisdictions and that the tax base reported by MNEs in their respective countries reflect the economic activity undertaken therein. For taxpayers, it is essential to limit the risks of economic double taxation that may result from a dispute between two countries on the determination of an arm’s length remuneration for their cross-border transactions with associated enterprises.

After having been originally published in 1979, the OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines were approved by the OECD Council in their original version in 1995. A limited update was made in 2009, primarily to reflect the adoption, in the 2008 update of the Model Tax Convention, of a new paragraph 5 of Article 25 dealing with arbitration, and of changes to the Commentary on Article 25 on mutual agreement procedures to resolve cross-border tax disputes. In the 2010 edition, Chapters I-III were substantially revised, with new guidance on: the selection of the most appropriate transfer pricing method to the circumstances of the case; the practical application of transactional profit methods (transactional net margin method and profit split method); and on the performance of comparability analyses. Furthermore, a new Chapter IX, on the transfer pricing aspects of business restructurings, was added. Consistency changes were made to the rest of the Guidelines.

Italian, Slovenian, Serbian, German, French, All
  • 23 Jul 2010
  • OECD
  • Pages: 230

The rapid growth of entrepreneurship and small firms has been one of the greatest successes in post-Communist transformation in Poland.  SMEs have greatly contributed to employment, investment and value added in the Polish economy.  However, key barriers to further growth remain in the business environment for SMEs and entrepreneurs.  This book sets out the current SME and entrepreneurship climate, reviews SME and entrepreneurship issues and policies at national and local levels, and provides observations and recommendations for improving and supporting entrepreneurship and SMEs in Poland.

Polish
  • 09 Jul 2010
  • OECD
  • Pages: 128

The markets for goods and services have undergone significant changes over the past 20 years. Regulatory reform, global markets, new technologies and growth in the role of services in economic activity have driven the changes which, in many instances, have provided significant benefits to consumers. Relatively little attention has been paid to the challenges these developments have posed for consumers. More choice and more complexity in many markets have made it increasingly difficult for them to compare and assess the value of products and services. The challenges for consumers have raised similar challenges for the government authorities responsible for protecting them from unfair commercial practices and fraud.

This book examines how markets have evolved and provides insights for improved consumer policy making. It explores, for the first time, how what we have learned through the study of behavioural economics is changing the way policy makers are addressing problems.

French
  • 08 Jul 2010
  • OECD, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
  • Pages: 275

La seizième édition des Perspectives agricoles a été élaborée conjointement, pour la sixième fois, par l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques (OCDE) et l’Organisation pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture (FAO) des Nations Unies. Axée sur l’évolution des marchés des produits de base pour la période 2010-2019, elle met à profit les connaissances spécialisées de ces deux organisations sur les produits, les politiques et les pays. Il s’agit d’analyser les tendances des marchés mondiaux pour les principaux produits agricoles, de même que pour les biocarburants, et d’apporter une évaluation des perspectives des marchés agricoles pour la production, la consommation, les échanges, les stocks et les prix des produits considérés.

Les hypothèses macroéconomiques qui sous-tendent cette année les projections des produits de base sont plus optimistes que celles de l’édition de l’année dernière. Le retour escompté de la croissance économique mondiale, l’augmentation de la population, les marchés émergents des biocarburants, et une structure de coûts plus élevés sont attendus pour soutenir les marchés et les prix internationaux des produits au cours de la période de projection à l'étude. Les pays en développement devraient être la force motrice de la croissance attendue de la production, de la consommation et des échanges agricoles.

L’édition de cette année comporte également une section spéciale sur la volatilité des prix et la transmission des prix mondiaux aux marchés intérieurs. Les gouvernements sont préoccupés par la volatilité des prix car elle affecte la viabilité des exploitations, la sécurité alimentaire et les investissements nécessaires. Le rapport analyse les éléments de preuve de la volatilité des prix et l’évolution de celle-ci sur le long terme, et apporte un résumé des conseils politiques de la FAO et de l’OCDE pour faire face à cette question.

Spanish, English
  • 15 Jun 2010
  • OECD, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
  • Pages: 248

This is the sixteenth edition of the Agricultural Outlook and the sixth co-edition prepared by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). This edition covers the outlook for commodity markets during the 2010 to 2019 period, and brings together the commodity, policy and country expertise of both organisations. The report analyses world market trends for the main agricultural products, as well as for biofuels. It provides an assessment of agricultural market prospects for production, consumption, trade, stocks, and prices of the commodities analysed.

The macroeconomic assumptions that condition the commodity projections examined are more positive in this year’s edition as compared to last year. The anticipated return to global economic growth, a rising population, emerging biofuel markets, and a higher cost structure are expected to underpin international commodity markets and prices over the outlook period under study. Developing countries are expected to be the driving force behind the expected growth in agricultural production, consumption and trade.

This year’s report also includes a special section on price volatility and price transmission from world to domestic markets. Governments are concerned about price volatility because it affects farm viability, food security and needed investment. The report analyses the evidence of and changes in price volatility over the longer term and summarises policy advice from both FAO and OECD on this issue.

French, Spanish
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