Browse by: "2009"
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The OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) surveys collected data on students’ performances in reading, mathematics and science, as well as contextual information on students’ background, home characteristics and school factors which could influence performance. This publication includes detailed information on how to analyse the PISA data, enabling researchers to both reproduce the initial results and to undertake further analyses. In addition to the inclusion of the necessary techniques, the manual also includes a detailed account of the PISA 2006 database and worked examples providing full syntax in SPSS®.
The OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) surveys collected data on students’ performance in reading, mathematics and science, as well as contextual information on students’ background, home characteristics and school factors which could influence performance. This publication includes detailed information on how to analyse the PISA data, enabling researchers to both reproduce the initial results and to undertake further analyses. In addition to the inclusion of the necessary techniques, the manual also includes a detailed account of the PISA 2006 database. It also includes worked examples providing full syntax in SAS®.
The biological sciences are adding value to a host of products and services, producing what some have labelled the “bioeconomy” and offering the potential to make major socio-economic contributions in OECD countries. Using quantitative analyses of data on development pipelines and R&D expenditures from private and public databases, this book estimates biotechnological developments to 2015. Moving to a broader institutional view, it also looks at the roles of R&D funding, human resources, intellectual property, and regulation in the bioeconomy, as well as at possible developments that could influence emerging business models to create scenarios to 2030. These scenarios are included to stimulate reflection on the interplay between policy choices and technological advances in shaping the bioeconomy. Finally, the book explores policy options to support the social, environmental and economic benefits of a bioeconomy.
The global crisis is hitting New Zealand at a time when difficult domestic adjustment is underway. Its economy is among the most indebted in the OECD. Falling asset prices and a slump in credit demand mean that a process of debt reduction has started. Nevertheless persistent, large current-account deficits and a high external debt render the economy especially vulnerable. In this report, OECD projects that the economy will remain in recession through 2009, and recover only hesitantly in 2010. The report includes coverage of the macroeconomic situation, structural policies, and a detailed examination of health care reform.
Estonia grew faster than most emerging market economies during 2000-07, but it is now in a severe recession. This first edition of OECD's periodic review of Estonia's economy includes chapters covering getting back to a sustainable growth path, fiscal policy, labour market reform, housing policy, and the business environment.
The French economy has not escaped the severe recession gripping all developed countries, but it should be less deep than elsewhere due to powerful automatic stabilisers. Nevertheless, the crisis will leave public finances in a serious condition. This 2009 edition of OECD's periodic survey of the French economy includes chapters covering coping with recession, labour market reforms, restoring French competitiveness, and strengthening competition.
La grave récession qui frappe tous les pays développés n’a pas épargné la France mais elle devrait être moins forte qu’ailleurs grâce aux puissants stabilisateurs automatiques. Il n’en demeure pas moins que la crise laisse les finances publiques dans un état alarmant. Cette édition 2009 de l’étude périodique l’OCDE consacrée à la France comprend des chapitres qui analysent les manières d’affronter la récession, les réformes du marché de l’emploi, le rétablissement de la compétitivité française et le renforcement de la concurrence.
Productivity measurement and analysis are the main topics addressed in this book, which brings together contributions presented and discussed in two international workshops organized by the Statistics Directorate and the Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry (DSTI) of the OECD. The first workshop was organised jointly by the OECD with Fundaccion BBVA and the Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Económicas and held in Madrid in October 2005, and the second one was organized jointly by the OECD and the Swiss Federal Statistical Office and the State Secretary for Economic Affairs of Switzerland and held in Bern in October 2006. The two workshops brought together representatives of statistical offices, central banks and other branches of government in OECD countries that are engaged in the analysis and the measurement of productivity developments at aggregate and industry levels.
OECD Factbook 2009 is the fifth edition of a comprehensive and dynamic statistical annual from the OECD. More than 100 indicators cover a wide range of areas: economy, agriculture, education, energy, environment, foreign aid, health and quality of life, industry, information and communications, population/labour force, trade and investment, taxation, public expenditure and R&D. This year, the OECD Factbook features a focus chapter on inequality. Data are provided for all OECD member countries with area totals, and in some cases, for selected non-member economies.
For each indicator, there is a two-page spread. A text page includes a short introduction followed by a detailed definition of the indicator, comments on comparability of the data, an assessment of long-term trends related to the indicator, and a list of references for further information on the indicator. The next page contains a table and a graph providing - at a glance - the key message conveyed by the data. A dynamic link (StatLink) is provided for each table directing the user to a web page where the corresponding data are available in Excel® format.
OECD Factbook 2009 is a key reference tool for everyone working on economic and policy issues.
Ces deux dernières années, la Pologne a rattrapé son retard sur les autres pays de l’OCDE à un rythme plus soutenu, mais à court terme, les perspectives sont assombries par des pressions excessives sur la demande et la hausse de l’inflation. L’édition 2008 de l’étude périodique de l’OCDE consacrée à l’économie polonaise analyse les principaux défis auxquels le pays est confronté : politiques monétaire et budgétaire, réforme du système fiscal, pénurie de logements et nécessité d’améliorer rapidement les infrastructures de transport.
"The OECD is a major source for insightful analyses of current trade issues. It also plays a role in disseminating skilfully the results of less accessible writings on trade. This short book is a valuable addition to the latter endeavour and should be on the shelf of policy makers."
-Jagdish Bhagwati, Columbia University
This first book in the new OECD Insights Series examines the increasing economic and social importance of human capital - our education, skills, competencies, and knowledge. As economies in developed countries shift away from manufacturing, economic success for individuals and national economies is increasingly reliant on the quality of human capital. Raising human capital has emerged as a key policy priority, particularly for low-skilled individuals, who are at risk of being left even further behind. Policy in this area is focusing on early childhood development, improving quality and choice in schooling, creating excellence in tertiary education, and widening access to adult learning. Drawing on the research and analysis of the OECD, this dynamic new book uses straightforward language to explain how countries across the OECD area are responding to the challenge of raising their levels of human capital. This book includes Statlinks, URLs linking statistical tables and graphs in the text of the book to Excel spreadsheets showing the underlying data.
Der internationale Handel hat Auswirkungen auf den Preis und die Verfügbarkeit von fast allem, was wir kaufen. Zudem hat er Einfluss auf eine Vielzahl anderer Bereiche wie Beschäftigung, Umwelt und Armutsbekämpfung. Und er wird seinerseits von einer Fülle verschiedener Faktoren beeinflusst, von der natürlichen Ressourcenausstattung bis hin zu Modetrends.
Die OECD ist eine führende Quelle für Daten, Analysen und Politikempfehlungen in Handelsfragen. Gestützt auf dieses umfassende Fachwissen wird in OECD Insights: Internationaler Handel deutlich gemacht, dass es ohne Handel – wenn überhaupt – nur selten gelungen ist, Wohlstand zu erreichen oder zu sichern. Handel allein ist jedoch nicht genug. Es bedarf darüber hinaus Maßnahmen in Bereichen wie Beschäftigung, Bildung oder Gesundheit, um das Wohlergehen der Menschen zu fördern und die Herausforderungen der globalisierten Wirtschaft zu bewältigen.
Le Panorama des Statistiques de l’OCDE 2008 est le quatrième numéro d’une publication statistique annuelle de l’OCDE, qui est à la fois complète et dynamique. Plus de 100 indicateurs couvrent un très grand nombre de domaines : économie, agriculture, éducation, énergie, environnement, aide extérieure, santé et qualité de vie, industrie, information et communications, population/main-d’œuvre, échanges et investissement, fiscalité, dépenses publiques et R D. Cette année, le Panorama des Statistiques a pour thème spécial la productivité. Les données sont fournies pour tous les pays membres de l’OCDE (avec le total pour l’ensemble de la zone), ainsi que pour un certain nombre de pays non membres. Chaque indicateur est présenté sur deux pages. La page de gauche comporte une brève introduction, puis une définition détaillée des indicateurs, des commentaires à propos de la comparabilité des données, une évaluation des tendances à long terme et une bibliographie à l’intention du lecteur souhaitant en savoir plus. Sur la page de droite se trouvent le tableau présentant les données et un graphique qui illustre de façon synthétique les enseignements à tirer des données. Un lien dynamique (StatLink) dirige le lecteur, pour chaque tableau, vers une page Web où les données correspondantes sont disponibles en format Excel®.
Selon les conclusions de l’édition 2008 de l’étude périodique de l’OCDE consacrée à l’économie allemande, le pays jouit d’une forte reprise de l’activité après une longue période de stagnation. L’OCDE note que pour l’ancrer dans la durée, l’Allemagne doit relever un certain nombre de défis essentiels, et notamment accroître l’efficience du système fiscal, prolonger l’embellie observée sur le marché du travail, améliorer les résultats de l’enseignement, intensifier la concurrence dans les industries de réseau et pérenniser le système de soins de santé. Tous ces enjeux sont abordés de façon relativement détaillée dans cette étude.
OECD's periodic review of Italy's economy. This edition finds Italy facing a sharp recession. After a general review of the impact of the crisis and potential for stimulus, it takes a closer look at the financial system, regulatory reform, and schools and opportunities for learning.