Finland
En 2021, la Finlande a accueilli 29 000 nouveaux immigrés à long terme ou permanents (y compris les changements de statut et la libre circulation), soit 23 % de plus qu’en 2020. Ce chiffre comprend 28 % d’immigrés admis au titre de la libre circulation, 27.2 % de migrants de travail, 33.4 % de membres de la famille (y compris la famille accompagnante) et 10.3 % de migrants humanitaires. Environ 5 800 permis ont été délivrés à des étudiants en mobilité internationale dans l’enseignement supérieur et 3 100 à des travailleurs migrants temporaires et saisonniers (à l’exclusion de la migration intra-UE). Par ailleurs, 14 000 détachements intra-UE ont été enregistrés en 2021, soit une baisse de ‑42 % par rapport à 2020. Ces travailleurs détachés ont généralement des contrats de courte durée.
This country note provides an overview of the key characteristics of the education system in Finland. It draws on data from Education at a Glance 2023. In line with the thematic focus of this year’s Education at a Glance, it emphasises vocational education and training (VET), while also covering other parts of the education system. Data in this note are provided for the latest available year. Readers interested in the reference years for the data are referred to the corresponding tables in Education at a Glance 2023.
This policy brief was prepared as part of the OECD's Resourcing Higher Education Project. This wider project aims to provide a shared knowledge base for OECD member and partner countries on policy for higher education resourcing, drawing on system-specific and comparative policy analysis. The policy brief for Finland was developed at the request of the Finnish authorities to support reflection on possible adjustments to the public funding model for Finnish higher education for the funding period (2025-28). The brief reviews the key challenges facing higher education in Finland and national policy priorities, compares Finland’s model of funding higher education institutions (HEIs) with models in OECD systems sharing similar characteristics to Finland’s and reviews policy options – both within and outside of the funding model – to support achievement of key policy objectives.
Governments are increasingly utilising research and innovation (R&I) policy to foster economic and societal change. Yet, the empirical correlation between these policies and socio-technical transformations remains under-explored. The report investigates this relationship by comparing the Recovery and Resilience Plans (RRPs) of Austria, Finland and Sweden, initiated under the NextGenerationEU framework post Covid-19. The report finds significant disparities in the content, process and transformative value of the RRPs among these countries. The differences in the content of the national RRPs, and the ability and willingness to seize the opportunity presented by the RRPs to drive transformation, are explained by existing national policy contexts and frameworks. Surprisingly, the role of R&I policy in the RRPs is less important than expected, despite its emphasised importance in literature and political rhetoric. The report further identifies implications for a transformative innovation policy as well as areas for further research.
Growth is projected to stall in 2023, before picking up to 1.2% in 2024. As energy prices ease, private consumption is set to recover moderately despite the drag from higher interest rates, which together with declining house prices will weigh on residential investment. Unemployment is expected to increase modestly. Lower energy prices and weak demand should help bring headline inflation down from 7.2% in 2022 to 5.7% in 2023 and 3.0% in 2024, though elevated wage growth and cost increases could keep inflation high.
La croissance économique devrait marquer le pas en 2023, avant de rebondir pour atteindre 1.2 % en 2024. À la faveur du tassement des prix de l’énergie, la consommation privée devrait se redresser modérément, malgré l’effet négatif de la hausse des taux d’intérêt qui, conjuguée au recul des prix des logements, pèsera sur l’investissement résidentiel. Le chômage devrait augmenter légèrement. La baisse des prix de l’énergie et l’affaiblissement de la demande devraient contribuer à faire reculer l’inflation globale de 7.2 % en 2022 à 5.7 % en 2023, puis à 3.0 % en 2024, même si la croissance soutenue des salaires et les augmentations de coûts pourraient maintenir l’inflation à un niveau élevé.