1887

Mauritius

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Depuis la dévaluation de 1994, le Mali présente des taux de croissance de l’ordre de 6 pour cent en moyenne par an. Cependant, en 2001, l’économie a subi les conséquences d’une campagne agricole 2000/01 catastrophique, menant à une baisse de production de coton de l’ordre de 50 pour cent et de céréales de 20 pour cent. Ces contre-performances du secteur agricole ont été en partie compensées au niveau macroéconomique par le démarrage rapide des nouvelles mines d’or, si bien que la croissance de 2001 ne s’est pas dégradée en deçà de 1.5 pour cent. A la suite de cette période difficile, 2002 a été une année charnière pour le pays, ce dernier organisant la Coupe africaine des nations (CAN) sur son territoire, ainsi que les premières élections présidentielles et législatives permettant une alternance démocratique. Loin d’être anodine, la tenue de la CAN a largement stimulé le développement économique en permettant une amélioration sensible des infrastructures et en donnant une impulsion significative au secteur privé. Le déroulement de la CAN a été salué comme exemplaire par les autres pays africains participants, mais laisse au pays une lourde facture budgétaire, ainsi qu’un certain nombre de projets inachevés….

English

Mauritius can be considered one of the most successful stories in the context of the African continent. However, despite its remarkable performance, the country is facing severe economic challenges as the bases of its development are rapidly changing. Increasing labour costs in recent years have eroded the competitiveness of the textile industry, and preferential market access, which was critical for the development of the sugar sector and garment industry, will phase out over the next few years. The country operators – the public as well as the private sector - are aware of these structural changes and are showing a great deal of adaptability and creativity in facing the new challenges. Consequently, despite going through a difficult transition period, Mauritius is displaying relatively good economic performance. After the severe drought which had a major impact on the sugar sector in 1999, the economy rebounded and grew by 8.9 per cent in 2000 and 5.8 per cent in 2001…

French

SINCE 1975, MAURITIUS HAS ACHIEVED steady economic growth of more than 5 per cent, reaching one of the highest gross national incomes (GNI) per capita in Africa. In a generation, the country has undergone a deep transformation from mono-crop (sugar) production into a diversified economy built on five pillars, namely, sugar, export processing zones (EPZ), tourism, financial services and information and...

Le niveau de vie des mauriciens est l’un des plus élevés d’Afrique. L’île a affiché une croissance de plus de 6 pour cent dans les années 90 et son PIB par habitant s’est établi à 13 542 dollars (en parité de pouvoir d’achat – PPA) en 2005. À Maurice, la croissance était traditionnellement tirée par le sucre, le textile et le tourisme. Depuis peu, le pays s’est diversifié dans les services financiers et dans les technologies de l’information et des communications (TIC). L’économie mauricienne est l’une des plus compétitives : elle se classe au premier rang en Afrique et au 23e rang mondial pour l’environnement d’affaires. Grâce à ses bonnes performances économiques, Maurice est désormais un pays à revenu intermédiaire...

English

Mauritius has one of the highest standards of living in Africa. It enjoyed sustained growth of more than 6 per cent in the 1990s and reached GDP per capita of $11 287 (in PPP terms) in 2003. The traditional engines of growth in Mauritius have been sugar, textiles, and tourism. More recently, Mauritius has diversified into financial services and information and computer technologies (ICT). Mauritius has one of the most competitive economies, ranked first in Africa, and 23rd worldwide for its business activity facility. Mauritius is now a middle-income country as a result of good...

French

IN SPITE OF INCREASES IN THE PRICES of imported food and fuel and of the lingering effects of the end of preferential trade agreements, theMauritian economy has performed well. In 2007 it continued to recover from weakness in the sugar sector, growing by 5.6 per cent, up from 3.9 per cent in 2006. Excluding sugar, the economy has performed even better, as the growth rate was 6.4 per cent compared to 5.3 per cent in the previous year. The good performance of the economy in 2007 was in large part driven by a boom in the tourism sector, which in turn led to strong growth in the construction sector, and by a better performing textile industry.

Mauritius: GDP by Sector in 2007 (percentage) appears in African Economic Outlook 2009.

Mauritius: Real GDP Growth and Per Capita GDP (USD/PPP at current prices) appears in African Economic Outlook 2009.

Mauritius: Stock of Total External Debt (percentage of GDP) and Debt Service (percentage of exports of goods and services) appears in African Economic Outlook 2009.

Mauritius: Public Finances (percentage of GDP at current prices) appears in African Economic Outlook 2009.

Mauritius: Current Account (percentage of GDP at current prices) appears in African Economic Outlook 2009.

Mauritius: Demand Composition appears in African Economic Outlook 2009.

AS A SMALL OPEN ECONOMY FULLY integrated into world markets, Mauritius is vulnerable to external shocks. In the recent past it has had to deal with a sharp reduction in the preferential price of its sugar exports to the European market, as well as high food and oil prices. In spite of those three shocks, the Mauritian economy has been very resilient. However, it is now facing another external shock, namely the global slowdown arising from the financial crisis. As a result, the Mauritian economy grew by 4.8 per cent in 2008, a lower rate than expected, something that can be attributed to the lacklustre performance of the textile and tourism sectors, especially towards the end of the year.

French

MAURICE EST EXPOSÉ AUX CHOCS extérieurs, car c’est une économie de petite envergure totalement intégrée au marché mondial. Il lui a fallu composer, il y a peu, avec la brutale réduction des cours préférentiels de ses exportations de sucre vers le marché européen, puis avec l’envolée des cours du pétrole et celle des produits alimentaires. Exposée à ces trois chocs, l’économie mauricienne a démontré une forte capacité de résistance. Mais la voici confrontée à une nouvelle épreuve venue de l’extérieur, à savoir le ralentissement mondial de la conjoncture provoqué par la crise financière. Du coup la croissance s’est limitée à 4.8 pour cent en 2008, moins que prévu, freinée par l’atonie du textile et du tourisme, spécialement à la fin de l’année.

English

In 1995, the Constitution of Mauritius was amended to include gender in the definition of discrimination. In addition, the government adopted in 2000 a law against sexual discrimination. All citizens are equal under Mauritian legislation, but the society remains firmly rooted in traditional practices.

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