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Drawing on the best of the recent work of the OECD Committee on Competition Law and Policy, this journal provides insight into the thinking of competition law enforcers while focusing on the practical application of competition law and policy. This issue includes articles on trade and competition policies, competition law and policy in Mexico, the essential facilities concept, and abuse of dominance and monopolisation.
Drawing on the best of the recent work of the OECD Committee on Competition Law and Policy, this journal provides insight into the thinking of competition law enforcers while focusing on the practical application of competition law and policy. This issue includes articles on regulatory reform, demonopolisation and privatisation; transnational mergers; positive comity; competition law and policy in Japan and in the Baltics; the relationship between competition and regulatory authorities; and efficiency claims.
Drawing on the best of the recent work of the OECD Committee on Competition Law and Policy, this journal provides insight into the thinking of competition law enforcers while focusing on the practical application of competition law and policy. This issue includes articles on the Asian and Russian economic crises, competition policy and international rules, competition policy in the Netherlands, the failing firm defence, and film distribution.
Drawing on the best of the recent work of the OECD Committee on Competition Law and Policy, this journal provides insight into the thinking of competition law enforcers while focusing on the practical application of competition law and policy. This issue includes articles on competition law and policy in the United States, competition law in the courts, the role of economics in competition cases, judicial review and enforcement of competition cases, and competition in railroads.
The OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises are recommendations to multinational enterprises on their business conduct in such areas as labour, environment, consumer protection and the fight against corruption. The recommendations are made by the 37 adhering governments and, although they are not binding, governments are committed to promoting their observance. This book provides an account of what the 37 adhering governments have been doing to enhance the contribution of the Guidelines to the improved functioning of the global economy. It also provides an overview of the challenges for multinational enterprises of managing their supply chains and their relations with other business partners in a responsible manner.
The Guidelines are recommendations to multinational enterprises on their business conduct in such areas as labour, environment, consumer protection and the fight against corruption. The recommendations are made by the 33 adhering governments and, although they are not binding, governments are committed to promoting their observance. This book provides an account of what governments have been doing to enhance the contribution of the Guidelines to the improved functioning of the global economy. It also provides a comparative analysis and comments by the business, labour and NGO communities on the complementarities and differences between the Guidelines and other global instruments for corporate responsibility (e.g. UN Global Compact, Global Reporting Initiative).
Major budgeting reforms have been initiated in a number of OECD countries in recent years. These reforms focus on giving spending agencies greater flexibility in using resources, in exchange for holding them responsible for achieving results. This publication examines how five Member countries -- Australia, France, New Zealand, Sweden and the United Kingdom -- have implemented reforms in this area and offers an early assessment of the progress of those reforms.
This book provides a comparative look at financial management systems from a family of systems point of view. Despite the similarity between the models there are significant differences that have evolved over time because of systemic reasons like national culture and values, administrative culture, and constitutional and organisational arrangements. The book looks at the two major families of accounting regimes: the Anglo-american model and the continental European model and its two subsets of the German tradition and the French tradition as well as how the accounting structure has evolved in China. These papers were originally delivered during a conference in Beijing in support of efforts to reform the public accounting structure in China.
Managing Public Expenditure presents a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of all aspects of public expenditure management from the preparation of the budget to the execution, control and audit stages. The book will be of general interest but is focused particularly on the needs of countries in transition, especially those in Central and Eastern Europe that seek to become members of the European Union.
The book provides practical, operational information and guidance on all areas of public expenditure management, e.g. legal and institutional frameworks, preparation of the budget, implementation, cash management, performance management, accounting, financial information and reporting systems, internal control and internal audit, and external audit. Each part of the book ends with key points and directions for reform. The detailed questionnaire will help practitioners to identify the strong and weak elements in their budget systems so that they can take necessary remedial action. Managing Public Expenditure ends with a comprehensive glossary, bibliography and index.
Richard Allen is an economist and spent most of his career at HM Treasury (the British Ministry of Finance), working mainly in the areas of fiscal policy, EU affairs, public expenditure management and international finance. He has also served as a diplomat in Washington DC and as a board member of the European Investment Bank. He was head of the budget and resource allocation team of the SIGMA Programme and is now adviser on governance at the Asian Development Bank.
Daniel Tommasi is a Paris-based consultant in the the areas of fiscal policy, public expenditure management and macroeconomic management. He is an adviser to governments and a consultant for international organisations, including the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the United Nations Development Programme, and the European Union's Phare and Tacis Programmes. He has worked for over 25 years in some 30 countries in Central and Eastern Europe, the Middle East, Asia, the Pacific and Africa.
To better respond to a new set of concerns of the population and promote sustainable development, governments today actively seek a broad partnership with civil society and the private sector. Yet, it is at local and regional levels, closer to the problems and the individuals, that partnerships are most often formed. Partnerships are being established throughout OECD countries to tackle issues of economic development, employment, social cohesion and the quality of life. What all partnerships share is a common desire to improve governance -- how society collectively solves its problems and meets its needs. Through partnerships, civil society and its NGOs, enterprises and government at different levels work together to design area-based strategies, adapt policies to local conditions and take initiatives consistent with shared priorities. An ambitious mission, which raises the challenge of harmonising public accountability and participatory democracy.
Local Partnerships for Better Governance presents the lessons learnt from the most recent experiences in seven countries: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Italy and the United States. This book proposes a strategy that governments can implement to improve governance through partnerships. Applying this strategy will enforce local capacities in a globalising economy, and contribute to reconcile economic competitiveness, social cohesion and environmental progress.
Cette publication présente une vue d’ensemble et une analyse uniques des principales dispositions et pratiques qui affectent les opérations internationales d’assurance dans les pays de l’OCDE. Elle traite plus particulièrement des principaux domaines de l’assurance où des obstacles à une totale libéralisation peuvent encore subsister, c’est-à-dire les échanges transfrontières et l’établissement de succursales étrangères. C’est la première fois depuis 1983 qu’un tel travail est entrepris par l’OCDE. Cet ouvrage contribuera sans nul doute à libéraliser davantage les marchés de l’assurance dans les pays de l’OCDE et constituera un outil de référence indispensable pour tous ceux qui s’intéressent aux échanges dans le domaine de l’assurance.
Proponents of an active labour market policy are now claiming part of the credit for large falls in structural unemployment rates that have occurred in some OECD countries. Advances in information technology which facilitate matching job-seekers to jobs, modern management methods, and a favourable economic climate in recent years have encouraged innovative approaches and created new opportunities for the Public Employment Service to help the unemployed return to work.
This book presents the proceedings of a conference on Labour Market Policies and the Public Employment Service organised jointly by the OECD and the Czech Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs. Among the themes addressed are: front-line employment service operations, one-stop offices and decentralised management; customer service and employer service; the advanced use of information technology; eligibility conditions for unemployment benefits; job guarantees for the long-term unemployed and other strategies of intervention in the unemployment spell; and improving the accountability of the Public Employment Service through external audits, the use of performance indicators, appropriate financing mechanisms, and contestability in the provision of services. The papers reflect the views of key actors -- politicians, senior officials from national labour ministries and employment services, front-line managers, and prominent academic experts -- on these important issues.
Good governance and efficiency in decision making by governmental authorities are increasingly dependent upon mutual trust and confidence between those authorities and the public. This workshop provided an opportunity to exchange information and views on how national nuclear regulatory organisations can improve their interface with the public.
In the context of major public sector reform efforts in many OECD countries, increasing attention is being focused on the people-side of the reform equation -- the human resource management policies and practices available to public sector managers to shape and direct the workforce to achieve new organisational goals. The experiences of OECD countries show, however, that improving individual policies and practices is only part of the reform equation. The key factor lies in integrating human resource management with the core business of the public service -- the outcome and output goals of individual departments and agencies -- and in doing so, ensuring that effective management of people is recognised as an indispensable ingredient for accomplishing the business of government. Using surveys and selected country case studies, this monograph identifies the factors driving human resource management reforms in the national public administrations of OECD countries. In offering the lessons drawn from these wide-ranging experiences to the attention of policy makers and practitioners, it identifies promising reform strategies for ensuring that human resource management policies evolve in ways consistent with broader public management reforms aimed at building more productive, performance-oriented and responsive public services.
Globalisation has had positive effects on the development of tax systems and has encouraged countries to engage in base broadening and rate reducing tax reforms. However, it has also created an environment in which tax havens thrive and in which governments may be induced to adopt harmful preferential tax regimes to attract mobile activities. Tax competition in the form of harmful tax practices can distort trade and investment patterns, erode national tax bases and shift part of the tax burden onto less mobile tax bases, such as labor and consumption, thus adversely affecting employment and undermining the fairness of tax structures.
The Report emphasises that governments must intensify their cooperative actions to curb harmful tax practices. To achieve this, OECD Member governments have developed "Guidelines on Harmful Preferential Tax Regimes". These Guidelines will discourage the spread of harmful preferential tax regimes and encourage countries with such regimes to eliminate them. To counteract both tax havens and harmful preferential tax regimes, Member governments have also agreed to pursue vigorously the implementation of the other Recommendations in the Report, including entering into a dialogue with non-member countries.
Les Lignes directrices régissant la protection des consommateurs dans le contexte du commerce électronique visent à assurer aux consommateurs qui effectuent des achats en ligne une protection au moins équivalente à celle dont ils peuvent bénéficier quand ils font des achats dans des magasins près de chez eux ou lorsqu’ils commandent des articles par correspondance. En définissant les caractéristiques essentielles d'une protection efficace des consommateurs dans les transactions en ligne entre entreprise et consommateur, les Lignes directrices peuvent aider à éliminer certaines des incertitudes auxquelles consommateurs et entreprises sont confrontés lorsqu'ils achètent et vendent en ligne. Les Lignes directrices s'inspirent des protections juridiques qui sont à la disposition des consommateurs dans des formes de commerce plus traditionnelles. Leur vocation est d'encourager : - des pratiques loyales en matière de commerce, de publicité et de marketing ; - la diffusion d'informations claires sur l'identité de l'entreprise en ligne, sur les biens et services qu'elle offre et sur les modalités et conditions de toute transaction ; - un processus transparent pour la confirmation des transactions ; - des mécanismes de paiement sûrs ; - des dispositifs équitables, rapides et abordables de règlement des litiges et de recours ; - le respect de la vie privée ; et - l'éducation des consommateurs et des entreprises.
Government consumption of products and services in OECD Member countries is estimated to be responsible for 9 to 25% of GDP. Given the importance of public purchasing, national and local authorities have been paying increasing attention to the opportunities to improve the environment by selecting environmentally sounder products.
This publication describes the successes, the efforts and the difficulties encountered within Member countries by focusing on the role and concerns of the officials that operate purchasing. Also, it shows how greener public purchasing can support a number of other crucial policy objectives such as the reduction of government operating costs, the improvement of governance, and the reduction of greenhouse gases.
In the face of challenges and opportunities posed by globalisation, rapidly evolving technologies, changing demographics, rising citizen expectations, and competition from the private sector, governments need to continue to explore and exploit new ways of working. This book (based on the proceedings of the OECD Symposium "Government of the Future: Getting from Here to There") looks at the way public administrations have been reformed over the last two decades and draws lessons for a new generation of reform.
As we move into the 21st century, the turbulent transformation of economy and society looks set to continue. Growing integration of markets, radical new technologies, the increasing knowledge intensity of human activity, all point to the emergence of an immensely complex world. But how will it be managed? And by whom? What forms of organisation and decision-making will be required at local, national and global levels to meet the challenges of the next decades?
One thing seems certain: old forms of governance -- in the public sector, corporations and civil society -- are becoming increasingly ineffective. New forms of governance will be needed over the next few decades which will involve a much broader range of active players. Traditional hierarchical organisations and top-down control will give way more and more to a wider diffusion of responsibility and decision-making that builds on the talents for innovation and creativity of individuals and groups.
This book explores some of the opportunities and risks -- economic, social and technological -- that decision-makers will have to address in the coming years, and outlines what needs to be done to foster society 's capacity to manage its future more flexibly and with broader participation of its citizens.