Browse by: "PRE-2008"

Les Activités d'aide en Amérique latine et dans les Caraïbes présentent de façon détaillée les engagements individuels, c'est-à-dire les versements anticipés, d'Aide publique au développment (APD) et d’Aide publique aux pays d’Amérique latine et des Caraïbes pour l’année 2003. Cette publication annuelle rassemble les engagements notifiés par les membres du Comité d'aide au développement (CAD) de l'OCDE et par les institutions multilatérales à la base de données SNPC sur les activités d’aide (Système de notification des pays créanciers). Les informations présentées sont uniques, comparables et conformes aux définitions et à la méthodologie des statistiques du CAD. Ces informations visent les besoins des agences et institutions de coopération au développement en matière de programmation et d'analyse par pays et par secteur. Pour chaque pays bénéficiaire, les activités sont groupées par secteur et par donneur.

This book sets out how much aid OECD countries are already providing towards trade-related activities in developing countries and reviews the effectiveness of existing programmes. It argues that reinforcing mutual accountability at the local level, together with a global review mechanism, would enhance the impact of Aid for Trade.

Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is one of the main tools available to achieve integration of the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programmes.  This Guidance volume explains the benefits of using SEA in development co-operation and sets out key steps for its application based on recent experiences. Twelve different entry points are identified for the practical application of SEA in development co-operation. For each entry point, the text provides a guidance note: a checklist of questions and hands-on case studies. Evaluation and capacity development for SEA processes are also addressed.

This book demonstrates some of the pitfalls associated with services liberalisation but recommends perseverance and even acceleration of the reforms.  Contributors call for orderly and rapid progress towards regional integration of the services sector, based on the gradual removal of the barriers to competition.  The benefits will be increased FDI flows and domestic investment, with a subsequent contribution to growth and poverty reduction. This book is based upon the 2002 International Forum on Asian Perspectives organised by the ADB and the OECD Development Centre.

The OECD organised a conference on FDI, in Shanghai, China, in December 2002.  Some of the questions addressed in this book include:  What lessons can be drawn from experiences with policies for attracting FDI, including strategies based on tax and other incentives?  How can MNEs contribute to promote the developmental benefits of FDI?  How can FDI and portfolio investments best complement each other in support of development? Are there effective ways to achieve synergies between FDI and official development aid in leveraging private investment for development projects in LDCs?

The days when it was thought that the development process could and should be managed by governments alone are long past. The challenge today is how to involve other parts of society such as the private sector and NGOs. This book details the activities of the private sector in developing and emerging economies and demonstrates how these activities are inter-related with government policies. Understanding these activities and public-private interactions is indispensable for the private sector to play its full role in a nation's development process. To this end, several case studies provide concrete examples from Africa, Asia and elsewhere.

Countries receiving large-scale capital inflows are at risk if these flows do not find their way into productive and long-term investment, as the Asian crisis of the late 1990s has proven. This book, the result of a joint project between the OECD Development Centre and the UN Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), examines the policies of a group of major Latin American countries faced with large inflows. The authors conclude that domestic policies impact on the effects of capital inflows. They demonstrate that certain countries, particularly Chile and Colombia, have been able to use policy to direct capital inflows into investment and thereby reduce the risk of instability in the financial sector. Such policies lead to effective management of foreign capital inflows and the creation of a stable, growth-oriented environment conducive to more sound external investment. The lessons of this book are as applicable in other regions of the world as they are in Latin America.

This book analyses the domestic policy challenges facing China in the context of trade and investment liberalisation.  The entry of China into the WTO marks a new era for its integration into the world economy.  Drawing on the experiences of OECD members over the past 50 years, and the Organisation’s extensive work with non-members, this landmark study provides readers with a comprehensive view of the interrelated domestic policy issues at stake and with specific recommendations.  It is an essential reference book for policy makers, governments, international organisations and researchers.

This publication presents a synthesis of the main findings and policy recommendations of China in the World Economy: Domestic Policy Challenges. After more than two decades of progress in market reforms and trade and investment liberalisation, the entry of China into the World Trade Organisation marks a new era for its integration into the world economy. Drawing on the experiences of OECD Members over the past 50 years, and the Organisation’s extensive work with non-Member economies around the world, this publication provides readers with a synthetic view of the interrelated domestic policy issues at stake and with specific recommendations as to actions to be taken.

Interest in the concept of civil society has undergone a remarkable renaissance in the 1990s. It is currrently seen as a potential tool to overcome some of the main theoretical and political stalemates. But what exactly does the concept of civil society mean ? Can civil society really be a counterweight to governments which have become too remote from their people ? The Western concept of what constitutes civil society may well have to be adjusted when applied to developing economies where different cultural forces and values come into play.
This book takes up the challenge of defining civil society's role in furthering developmental objectives within the context of developing societies themselves. It compares the activities and attitudes of different elements of civil society within the development process, and suggests ways in which they could be made more effective. It also shows that governments should not try to replace their own development activities with those of civil society.

Despite progressive ratification of international conventions on that issue, 23% of the world’s children aged 10-14 are at work. This important book seeks to answer fundamental questions about the phenomenon’s economic causes, the working conditions children endure, and implications of their labour for the economic outlook of the countries concerned. It moreover examines the effectiveness of various policies implemented to combat child labour and the beneficial effects such policies can have on economic development.

The competitiveness of firms in a global economic environment is an essential element in development strategy, but simply creating an open economy will not suffice to stimulate competitiveness if innovation is lacking. This is the major finding of this cross-country and multi-industry study based on the experience of Brazil, Chinese Taipei, India and Korea.
In developing countries and emerging economies, which can be considered technological latecomers, traditional industrial practices can be linked to policy changes which foster innovation, but can equally result in stagnation if the policy/practice mix is wrong. The case studies demonstrate that where industrial habits tend to reduce competitiveness, policies can make a difference, especially where they are directed to managing the timing, sequencing and type of market-opening steps. The book therefore opens a fresh debate on the industrial policies which developing countries need to adopt in order to compete and grow in a globalised economic environment.

In many African countries, violent conflicts have slowed down economic and social development, if they have not actually pushed it backwards. In order to manage conflicts in a non-violent manner, governance methods adapted to the development process are needed. Effective conflict prevention, however, demands thorough understanding of the origins and dynamics of these conflicts. The outcome of a meeting jointly organised by the Development Centre and the Development Assistance Committee of the OECD, this volume considers the options available to donors in the effort to prevent conflict and enhance prospects for peaceful social, economic and political development. Despite the complexity of the subject, the contributors to the book arrive at some prudent conclusions of interest to policy makers. At the national level, action programmes should promote social, political and economic justice; empower civil society through skill, knowledge and resource transfer; develop good governance for conflict management; and accommodate different groups and interests in society. Internationally, a greater sensitivity to conflict issues is needed within broader development efforts. The international community should seek to provide the means by which conflicting groups can negotiate their own solutions to tension, rather than imposing externally devised solutions.