Browse by: "N"
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Title Index
Year Index
Algeria
Nuclear security
France
Radioactive waste management
Nuclear safety and radiological protection
General legislation
International co-operation
Germany
International trade
Indonesia
Nuclear security
General legislation
Ireland
Nuclear safety and radiological protection
General legislation
Lithuania
Nuclear security
Nuclear safety and radiological protection
Slovak Republic
International co-operation
Liability and compensation
Environmental protection
Switzerland
Radioactive waste management
United Arab Emirates
Liability and compensation
United States
Radioactive waste management
Licensing and regulatory infrastructure
Belarus
International co-operation
Organisation and structure
Licensing and regulatory infrastructure
Nuclear safety and radiological protection
France
Nuclear safety and radiological protection
Radioactive waste management
Environmental protection
Liability and compensation
International co-operation
Hungary
General legislation
Radioactive waste management
Nuclear security
Ireland
Nuclear safety and radiological protection (including emergency planning)
Lithuania
Licensing and regulatory infrastructure
Moldova
Nuclear safety and radiological protection
Portugal
Radioactive waste management
Nuclear safety and radiological protection
Slovak Republic
Radioactive waste management
Liability and compensation
Spain
Radioactive waste management
Ukraine
Radioactive waste management
United Kingdom
Organisation and structure
Algeria
Nuclear security
Armenia
Nuclear safety and radiological protection
Brazil
Canada
Nuclear security
Liability and compensation
France
Radioactive waste management
International co-operation
Germany
Radioactive waste management
Greece
Management of spent fuel and radioactive waste
Ireland
Transport of radioactive material
Luxembourg
Nuclear safety and radiological protection
Poland
Nuclear safety and radiological protection
Radioactive waste management
General legislation
Portugal
General legislation
Slovak Republic
General legislation Slovenia Nuclear safety and radiological protection
Ukraine
International co-operation
United States
Issuance of Proposed Waste Confidence Rule and Draft Generic Environmental Impact Statement for public comment
Issuance of Final Rule Updating Part 51 and Final License Renewal Generic Environmental Impact Statement Update
Inflation adjustment to the Price-Anderson Act Financial Protection Regulations
Uruguay
Nuclear safety and radiological protection
Armenia
Licensing and regulatory infrastructure
France
Licensing and regulatory infrastructure
Nuclear security Nuclear safety and radiological protection
International co-operation
Germany
General legislation
Radiation protection
Nuclear Safety
Transport of radioactive material
Regulations on nuclear trade (including non-proliferation)
Greece
International co-operation
Nuclear safety and radiological protection
Moldova
General legislation
United States
Issuance of the ""Strategy for the Management and Disposal of Used Nuclear Fuel and High-Level Radioactive Waste""
Ongoing activities
Physical protection of byproduct material final rulemaking
Update on the NRC’s response to the events at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear site regarding filtered vents and consideration of economic consequences"
Nuclear safety and radiological protection
Brazil
General legislation
Canada
Environmental protection
France
Radioactive waste management
Georgia
Nuclear safety and radiological protection
Greece
Nuclear safety
Emergency preparedness and response
India
Licensing and regulatory infrastructure
Liability and compensation
Ireland
Nuclear safety and radiological protection
Japan
Nuclear Regulation Authority Act
Lithuania
General legislation
Licensing and regulatory infrastructure
Nuclear security
Radioactive waste management
Switzerland
General legislation
Ukraine
Radioactive waste management
General legislation
United Arab Emirates
General legislation
Liability and compensation
United States
Nuclear safety
Emergency preparedness
Nuclear safety and radiation protection
Australia
Radioactive waste management
Austria
Nuclear safety and radiation protection
Belgium
Nuclear security
Nuclear safety
Nuclear safety and radiation protection
Brazil
Nuclear security
France
Liability and compensation General legislation
Germany
Nuclear safety and radiation protection
Transport of radioactive material
International trade
Hungary
Nuclear safety and radiation protection
General legislation
India
Liability and compensation
Ireland
Transport of radioactive material
Lithuania
Licensing and regulatory infrastructure
Nuclear safety and radiation protection
Nuclear security
Moldova
General legislation
Poland
General legislation
Liability and compensation
Organisation and structure
Nuclear safety and radiation protection
Portugal
General legislation
Nuclear safety and radiation protection
Romania
Environmental protection
Slovenia
Nuclear safety and radiation protection
Sweden
Nuclear safety and radiation protection
Ukraine
General legislation
Nuclear safety and radiation protection
Nuclear security
Radioactive waste management
United States
Radioactive waste management
Emergency preparedness
Licensing and regulatory infrastructure
Nuclear safety
Bulgaria
General legislation
Czech Republic
General legislation
France
General legislation
Regulatory infrastructure and activity
Germany
General legislation
India
Liability and compensation
Organisation and structure
Ireland
Radiation protection
General legislation
Korea (Republic of)
Organisation and structure
Lithuania
Regulatory infrastructure and activity
Radioactive waste management
Radiation protection
International co-operation
Nuclear safety
Poland
General legislation
Romania
Environmental protection
Russian Federation
Radioactive waste management
Slovenia
Nuclear safety
Spain
Liability and compensation
Nuclear security
Sweden
Nuclear safety
Turkey
Radiation protection
Regulatory infrastructure and activity
Nuclear safety
Liability and compensation
United States
General legislation
Belgium – Amendment of the Act on classification and security clearances, certifications and security notifications
Czech Republic – Resolution of the government of the Czech Republic on the time schedule of preparatory works for enlarging the nuclear power plant Temelín
Finland – Temporary Amendment to the Nuclear Liability Act
Ireland – Merchant Shipping Act
Romania – Emergency Ordinance on the identification, designation and protection of critical infrastructures
Emergency Ordinance on the control regime of dual-use items
Amendment to the Act on the safe conduct of nuclear activities
Nuclear safety norms on design and construction of nuclear power plants and nuclear safety norms on siting of nuclear power plants
United Kingdom – Establishment of the Office for Nuclear Regulation
United States – Waste Confidence Decision and Rule Update
Response to recent events in Japan
Increasingly accountability in education has linked student test scores to teacher and school evaluations. The underlying assumption behind this educator based accountability is that the high stakes linked to student test scores will prompt behavioral change, thus improving student learning and education quality. This study conducts a cross policy analysis using pooled data from the 2009 PISA, categorizing participant countries of the 2009 PISA into three national testing policies based on what type of educator based accountability is applied in the country. Results indicate that initial differences between national testing policy categories are not significant once school types and school practices that select on the student are included. This suggests that potential gains from more stringent accountability may be an artifact of schools under pressure engaging in practices that shape their testing pool, such as admitting only relatively high achieving students or transferring out lower achieving students.
JEL classification: I21, I24, I25, I28
Keywords: Education, PISA, accountability, testing, equity
This paper reviews existing restrictions to national treatment found in Parties to the CEFTA 2006. The review covers restrictions to national treatment such as approval and licensing/screening procedures, equity and other discriminatory measures on establishment, corporate organisation, and transparency measures.
Natural disasters (droughts, earthquakes, epidemics, floods, wind storms) damage wellbeing, both in their immediate and long-term aftermath, and because the insecurity of exposure to disasters is in itself harmful to risk-averse people. As such, mitigating and coping with the risk of natural disasters is a pressing issue for economic development. This paper provides a conceptual framework for understanding natural disasters. Disasters, which imply tragic human costs, are distinguished from hazards, which are events like earthquakes or flooding: hazards only translate into disasters when societies are vulnerable to them. Consequently international development policy can play a role in reducing the costs of disasters by addressing vulnerability. A review of two recent disasters — the Turkish earthquakes of 1999, and Hurricane Mitch in 1998 — illustrates the importance of precarious urbanisation and environmental degradation for increased vulnerability to natural hazards. These cases ...
Healthy ecosystems, and their associated services, can provide effective natural protection against water-related climate risks. Nature-based solutions (NbS) have recently gained momentum in international policy discussions due to their potential to foster synergies between ecosystem health and human wellbeing, while also offering economic benefits. This paper provides an overview of the use of NbS to date in OECD countries and finds that in most cases ambition for NbS does not match practice. Focusing on the application of NbS for addressing climate-related flood and drought risks, this paper explores why prevailing decision making frameworks may fail to adequately consider NbS. It sets out a policy evaluation framework that supports the identification of, and proposed ways to address constraints on the use of NbS to address water-related climate risks.
Countries in Asia and the Pacific face a heightened risk of flooding as disasters increase worldwide due to climate change. Yet these countries often lack the infrastructure necessary to prepare for and respond to floods effectively. When flood protection measures exist, they generally rely only on grey, hard-engineered infrastructure, which has been increasingly challenged in recent years. Nature-based solutions (NbS) offer a new approach for flood management, with several co-benefits beyond the reduction of risks. This approach has gained recognition from policy makers in the region, but they are confronted with a number of challenges, including the lack of a clear, common definition and guidelines, as well as financing issues. The growing imperatives of climate adaptation call for complementary, innovative and forward-looking solutions, such as a combined approach incorporating both NbS and grey infrastructure.
This report analyses future energy-use in the shipping sector of the Nordic region. It centres on pathways that could allow the Nordic shipping sector to meet energy and environmental policy goals, including energy diversification, cutting air pollution and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. It details the feasible technology options currently available, the status of their adoption and government plans aimed at influencing future developments in this sector. Finally, it assesses implications for policy making for a rapid transition to cleaner maritime shipping. The Nordic region is pioneering efforts to reduce the environmental impact of maritime shipping, making the findings of this report relevant around the globe.
This paper discusses five innovation policy imperatives critical to achieving green and digital transitions: coordinated government, stakeholder engagement, policy agility and experimentation, directionality and support for breakthrough innovation. The paper provides policy examples from Germany, based on the OECD Review of Innovation Policy: Germany , and other countries to illustrate in what ways countries have addressed these imperatives. Overall, the quality and scale of these policy responses need to increase if transitions are to succeed. Open questions for future policy research are also highlighted.
This report offers a guide on potential reform pathways towards sustainable agriculture water use, based on a thorough review of selected past water and agriculture reforms and extensive consultation with policy experts. A theory of change is developed that emphasises the importance of flexibility in the timing and design of reform processes to achieve practical and effective policy changes. Governments should prepare future reforms, via continued research, education, and governance efforts, to help take advantage of reform opportunities when the timing is right. Five necessary conditions are identified for a successful reform process: (i) support evidence-based problem definition, objective setting and evaluations; (ii) ensure that governance and institutions are aligned with the policy change; (iii) engage stakeholders strategically and build trust; (iv) rebalance economic incentives to mitigate short run economic losses; and (v) define an adjustable smart reform sequencing that provides flexibility in the long run. These conditions are found to be necessary to implement four challenging policy changes: charging water use in agriculture; removing subsidies that negatively impact water resources, regulating groundwater use and addressing nonpoint source pollution. But the relative effort that governments need to devote to fulfilling each of the five conditions will vary depending on the policy change.