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This fifteenth edition of Industrial Structure Statistics is in two parts. Volume 1 provides official annual data for detailed industrial manufacturing and non-manufacturing sectors, covering such variables as production, value added, employment, investment, exports, imports, wages and salaries, number of establishments and hours worked. Ten years' data are shown. The series are derived from industrial surveys, foreign trade data or national accounts. Data are classified according to both versions of ISIC and are shown in two parts (105 tables in ISIC Revision 2 and 212 tables in ISIC Revision 3). An annex presents qualitative information on national sources and definitions. Volume 2 presents annual energy consumption data in manufacturing sectors. Over the last 25 years, energy consumption has become just as important as energy supply for policy makers. There is a need for energy efficiency indicators and data to monitor developments in energy consumption and energy efficiency trends as they affect the environment. In order to analyse energy use and energy efficiency, it is essential to have disaggregated industry level consumption data. The Information System on Industrial Structures (ISIS) Energy Data Programme provides such data. The energy data presented in Volume 2 were collected during the Pilot phase of the project. Time series of annual energy consumption are provided at the disaggregated manufacturing industry level for most of the OECD countries (and the Slovak Republic) from 1990 to 1997 where available. Please note that Volume 2 is in English only.
This sixteenth edition of Industrial Structure Statistics is in two parts. Volume 1 provides official annual data for detailed industrial sectors (manufacturing, non-manufacturing, and construction) as well as for detailed service sectors, covering such variables as production, value added, employment, investment, exports, imports, wages and salaries, number of establishments and hours worked. Eight years' data are shown up to 1997. The series are derived from business surveys, foreign trade data or national accounts. Data are classified according to both versions of ISIC and are shown in two parts (45 tables in ISIC Revision 2 and 266 tables in ISIC Revision 3). An annex presents qualitative information on national sources and definitions. Volume 2 presents annual energy consumption data in manufacturing sectors. Over the last 25 years, energy consumption has become just as important as energy supply for policy makers. There is a need for energy efficiency indicators and data to monitor developments in energy consumption and energy efficiency trends as they affect the environment. In order to analyse energy use and energy efficiency, it is essential to have disaggregated industry level consumption data. The Information System on Industrial Structures (ISIS) Energy Data Programme provides such data. The energy data presented in Volume 2 were mostly collected during the Pilot phase of the project. Time series of annual energy consumption are provided at the disaggregated manufacturing industry level for most of the OECD countries (and the Slovak Republic) from 1990 to 1998 where available. Please note that Volume 2 is in English only.
Enhanced energy technology is the key to ensuring environmental sustainability together with economic growth and energy security. In the drive to develop cleaner, more efficient energy technologies, what role does international collaboration play? This publication provides an array of success stories illustrating how the International Energy Agency’s collaborative framework for energy technology development has speeded advances towards more comprehensive solutions. In coal combustion sciences, for example, one project generated equipment sales worth over $400 million in one participating country alone. More than 30 countries world-wide participate in the programme, which mobilises close to $150 million annually. Costs and resources are shared among participating governments, utilities, industries and universities, thus ensuring maximum yield from research budgets and avoiding unproductive duplication of effort. The technology collaboration programme operates through agreements among governments. The 40 currently active agreements focus on the dissemination of energy technology information, cleaner use of fossil fuels, development of renewable energy sources and systems, more efficient energy use and nuclear fusion technologies.
International emission trading will be one of the most important tools in the effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere. The reason is clear: emission trading can bring impressive cost savings. While the private sector has embraced the concept and is well equipped to use it, implementation at the international level remains incomplete. This book offers a comprehensive review of international emission trading, from the “perfect” system envisaged in economic models to a more realistic view of how trading can actually work. It is based on market experiments and modelling undertaken by the International Energy Agency and other institutions. It takes an in-depth look at implications for the power-generation sector, and considers how developing countries could be included in a future trading regime. With this work, we move from the question of “whether” to trade to the more operational question: “how”.
This report reviews efforts under way in a number of OECD countries to advance innovation in energy technology, with a particular focus on hydrogen fuel cells. It compares energy innovation systems in Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Korea, Norway, the United Kingdom and United States to identify the roles of government, industry, universities and other public research organisations in the innovation process. It also examines the policies governments are implementing to finance needed research and development and to stimulate market demand for innovative energy technologies.
Energy, transport, water and telecommunications all are essential to future development and growth. However, infrastructure investment requirements over the coming decades will be massive, running into trillions of dollars. How will the needed investments be financed, given that OECD populations are ageing fast and public finances tightening? How will such factors as urbanisation, climate change and globalisation affect the development of infrastructures in OECD countries? And how will the role of the public sector and private actors evolve over time? These are just some of the questions this OECD report addresses in this long-term assessment of the future of infrastructures in both OECD and non-OECD countries.
Science and Technology is a key driver of economic growth, and it may also help provide answers for managing resources and reducing pollution, addressing climate change and preserving biodiversity, as well as reducing disease and safeguarding health and well-being, while maintaining the general quality of life. This publication provides the proceedings of an international workshop, held in South Africa, intended to address how international co-operation in science and technology can further the three inter-related aspects (economic, social and environmental) of the development process. The workshop focused on good practices in international S&T partnerships, specifically in the areas of water and energy.
What are the impacts on environmental effectiveness and economic efficiency of using an “instrument mix”, rather than a single instrument, to address a given environmental problem? What are the main arguments for using such instrument mixes, and are the instrument mixes currently in use actually well designed in response to these arguments? These are the main questions addressed in this report, which is based on a series of in-depth case studies. The case studies analyse instrument mixes applied in OECD countries to address household waste, non-point sources of water pollution in agriculture, residential energy efficiency, regional air pollution and emissions to air of mercury.
For the first time, the IEA has reviewed the energy policies of the European Union which shape the energy use of almost 500 million citizens in 27 EU member countries. A unique entity governed under complex and almost constantly evolving structures, the EU constitutes a challenge for energy policy makers. Its energy policy has a global impact, not only because of its 16% share of world energy demand, but also because of the EU leadership in addressing climate change.
Strong policy drives are underway in the EU to achieve the completion of the internal energy market, increase renewable energy supply, reduce CO2 emissions and make the EU more energy-efficient. Concerns about security of supply have also led to a greater focus on improved energy relations with supplier countries, and new institutional structures are being put in place. How much progress has been made in the field of security, internal market and external energy policies? And in which of these areas has the EU already implemented a fully integrated policy? IEA Energy Policies Review: The European Union - 2008 addresses these questions and also analyses the impact of the most recent major EU policy measures, in particular the Energy & Climate Package of January 2008 and the 3rd Liberalisation Package of September 2007.
This book finds that both of these proposals are highly ambitious. But implementing them and reviewing both volume and allocation of energy R&D will be necessary to achieve a sustainable energy future in a fully competitive integrated EU energy market.
Since the IEA Scoreboard 2009 is published in conjunction with the 35th anniversary of the IEA, 35 themes, ranging from diversification to prices, show how IEA countries have performed in their efforts to attain energy security, environmental protection and economic growth. This book, which combines statistical rigour with easy access and readability, is an ideal resource for anyone who would like to have a quick overview of energy development in IEA member countries over the last 35 years. The publication also includes selected energy-related statistics for over 140 countries, economies and regions in the world.
This innovative book provides the first assessment of IEA member countries’ progress on implementing energy efficiency policy. Using a rigorous evaluation process, it finds that while these countries are implementing a full range of energy efficiency measures, their efforts fall short. Pressing energy, climate and financial challenges require even more energy efficiency policy action – particularly in the transport sector. To address this action gap, IEA member countries must urgently ramp up their energy efficiency policy efforts.
The IEA and its member countries can play a critical role in promoting the Agency’s call for “Worldwide Implementation Now” (W.I.N.) of energy efficiency. What will it be? W.I.N or lose the opportunity?
On the occasion of its 35th Anniversary in 2009, the International Energy Agency published the first edition of the Scoreboard focusing on 35 Key Energy Trends over 35 Years. In parallel, the IEA published Implementing Energy Efficiency Policies: Are IEA Member Countries on Track?. Both publications found that although IEA member countries were making progress in implementing energy efficiency, more work was needed.
In the 2011 edition of the Scoreboard, the IEA has decided to focus on energy efficiency. The publication combines analysis of energy efficiency policy implementation and recent indicator development. The resulting Scoreboard 2011 provides a fuller picture of the progress as well as the challenges with implementing energy efficiency policy in IEA member countries.
This publication provides preliminary, quantitative estimates of direct budgetary support and tax expenditures supporting the production or consumption of fossil fuels in selected OECD member countries. The information has been compiled as part of the OECD’s programme of work to develop a better understanding of environmentally harmful subsidies (EHS). It has been undertaken as an exercise in transparency, and to inform the international dialogue on fossil-fuel subsidy reform. It is also intended to inform the ongoing efforts of G20 nations to reform fossil-fuel subsidies.
For each of the 24 OECD countries covered, the Inventory provides a succinct summary of its energy economy, and of the budgetary and tax-related measures provided at the central-government level (and, in the case of federal countries, for selected sub-national units of government) relating to fossil-fuel production or consumption.
Many measures listed in this inventory are relative preferences within a particular country’s tax system rather than absolute support that can be readily compared across countries, and for that reason no national totals are provided.
Como “árbitros del mercado”, los órganos reguladores necesitan estar constantemente en alerta, dar seguimiento a las tendencias y evaluar el impacto de sus decisiones. ¿Qué debería medirse? ¿Es posible atribuir las consecuencias a las decisiones de los órganos reguladores? ¿Cómo hacer un uso eficaz de lo que se mide? ¿Cómo optimizar la gobernanza y la estructura organizacional del regulador? Abordar estas preguntas con eficacia puede determinar en última instancia si los trenes llegarán a tiempo, si sale agua limpia en la llave, si las luces encienden, si el teléfono y el internet funcionan y si hay dinero en los cajeros automáticos. Para ayudar a los reguladores a definir cómo evaluar mejor su desempeño, la OCDE ha desarrollado un Marco para la Evaluación del Desempeño de los Reguladores Económicos (PAFER, por sus siglas en inglés) que observa a las instituciones, los procesos y las prácticas que ayudan a los reguladores a mejorar su impacto.
Este informe aplica el PAFER a la gobernanza externa del sector energético de México y a sus tres órganos reguladores: la Agencia de Seguridad, Energía y Ambiente (ASEA), la Comisión Nacional de Hidrocarburos (CNH) y la Comisión Reguladora de Energía (CRE), luego de una reforma estructural del sector y de sus instituciones reguladoras. Lo complementan estudios de la gobernanza interna de los tres órganos reguladores, constituyendo una estructura integral y única sobre la gobernanza regulatoria del sector energético de México. Es parte de la serie La gobernanza de los reguladores, que conjunta investigación y recomendaciones para ser “órganos reguladores de clase mundial”, recurriendo a experiencias de más de 70 reguladores económicos de los sectores de energía, comunicaciones, transporte, agua y sistemas de pagos.
Contenido
Evaluación y recomendaciones
Capítulo 1. Metodología y enfoque
Capítulo 2. Contexto del sector
Capítulo 3. Gobernanza externa del sector energético
For a variety of reasons, energy use in the agro-food sector continues to rise, and in many countries, is highly dependent on fossil fuels, contributing significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. It is therefore becoming urgent to consider how the food supply chain can improve its energy efficiency. This report analyses ways of improving energy use in the agro-food sector in relation to both producers and consumers, and puts forward a set of policy recommendations that governments can introduce to meet green growth objectives and achieve sustainable development.
Este informe aplica el PAFER a la Comisión Nacional de Hidrocarburos (CNH) de México y evalúa sus funciones, sus prácticas y su comportamiento. El análisis se centra en la gobernanza interna e incluye las estructuras y procesos empleados para tomar decisiones, gestionar recursos financieros, atraer y retener talentos, gestionar datos y evaluar el desempeño. El informe identifica retos y oportunidades para la mejora y es complementario de los estudios de la gobernanza interna de otros dos órganos reguladores en materia energética, la Agencia de Seguridad, Energía y Ambiente (ASEA) y la Comisión Reguladora de Energía (CRE), así como el estudio de la gobernanza externa del sector energético del país, Impulsando el desempeño de los órganos reguladores en materia energética de México.
Este informe aplica el PAFER a la Agencia de Seguridad, Energía y Ambiente (ASEA) de México y evalúa sus funciones, sus prácticas y su comportamiento. El análisis se centra en la gobernanza interna e incluye las estructuras y procesos empleados para tomar decisiones, gestionar recursos financieros, atraer y retener talentos, gestionar datos y evaluar el desempeño. El informe identifica retos y oportunidades para la mejora y es complementario de los estudios de la gobernanza interna de otros dos órganos reguladores en materia energética, la Comisión Nacional de Hidrocarburos (CNH) y la Comisión Reguladora de Energía (CRE), así como el estudio de la gobernanza externa del sector energético del país, Impulsando el desempeño de los órganos reguladores en materia energética de México.
Este informe aplica el PAFER a la Comisión Reguladora de Energía (CRE) de México y evalúa sus funciones, sus prácticas y su comportamiento. El análisis se centra en la gobernanza interna e incluye las estructuras y procesos empleados para tomar decisiones, gestionar recursos financieros, atraer y retener talentos, gestionar datos y evaluar el desempeño. El informe identifica retos y oportunidades para la mejora y es complementario de los estudios de la gobernanza interna de otros dos órganos reguladores en materia energética, la Agencia de Seguridad, Energía y Ambiente (ASEA) y la Comisión Nacional de Hidrocarburos (CNH), así como el estudio de la gobernanza externa del sector energético del país, Impulsando el desempeño de los órganos reguladores en materia energética de México.