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ITER is a research project the purpose of which is to demonstrate the scientific and technical feasibility of fusion as a new source of energy. After construction of large Tokamaks,1 such as the JT60 in Japan, TFTR (Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor) in the United States, JET (Joint European Torus) in the United Kingdom and Tore Supra in France, this project is the last stage of research to be conducted before construction of an industrial
Nuclear safety is and remains an absolute priority for the European Union (EU). As of November 2009, there are 145 nuclear power plants operating in 15 member states of the EU (hereinafter referred to as “member states”). The importance of nuclear safety increases with a view to the growing number of member states which have expressed a renewed interest in nuclear energy.
The centre-right Italian Government, headed by Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi,1 has taken the first steps to pave the way for the resurgence of nuclear energy in Italy, the most serious attempt since the 1987 moratorium on nuclear power production. At the moment, Italy faces the legal, economic, technical and societal challenges of launching a new nuclear programme, and all players involved are aware of the fact that redefining the nuclear legal framework will be a crucial part to this endeavour.
Recent discussions have identified gaps in the existing nuclear liability regimes in a more focused fashion. The so-called nuclear renaissance or nuclear new build1 cannot be limited to the mere multiplication of nuclear power plants. It must take place together with the creation and strengthening of legal frameworks for nuclear safety and radiation protection, security and safeguards. As the Nuclear Energy Agency of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD/NEA) highlights in its Nuclear Energy Outlook 2008...
With the discovery of radioactivity and ionizing radiation at the turn of the twentieth century, mankind broke new ground in science and technology. These discoveries, which we now call the “dawn of the nuclear age”,1 paved the way for hundreds of scientists and engineers in their quest to improve our standard of living through progress in science. During the last century, the research they carried out and the tools they designed have provided modern societies with unprecedented progress in a variety of fields, from medicine and agriculture to electricity production and industrial uses.2 Unfortunately, this progress came at a high price to humanity: the making of an atomic bomb.