Browse by: "2009"
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Cet article porte sur les avantages et les risques que comporte la création, hors du circuit normal des ministères et des départements, « d’agences » publiques régies par des règles spéciales de contrôle central et de fonctionnement interne. Dans les pays de l’OCDE, les économies en transition et le Tiers monde, un engouement pour les agences s’est déclaré pendant les années 80 et 90. Ces « agences » passent parfois pour un phénomène typiquement « anglo-saxon », une mode de la Nouvelle gestion publique illustrée par les Next Steps executive agencies au Royaume-Uni. Or, la plupart des pays de l’OCDE connaissent depuis longtemps plusieurs types d’organisations publiques à côté des ministères et, dans plusieurs d’entre eux, en dehors du Royaume-Uni, les fonctionnaires qui travaillent dans les « administrations centrales » sont minoritaires. Cette diversité de l’organisation ne s’explique-t-elle que par les traditions administratives nationales ou peut-on en tirer des enseignements sur l’adéquation des différentes formes d’organisation aux missions des administrations publiques ? Quels sont les avantages et les risques d’un génie génétique appliqué à l’organisation des administrations publiques ? Les économies en transition et les pays en développement peuvent-ils apprendre de l’expérience des pays de l’OCDE quelque chose d’utile sur les formes d’organisation de leur propre secteur public ?
Data for the selected countries were obtained across the time horizon of 2005-2050 from a total of 19 models, including models that are used to inform climate policy-makers in each of these economies. The paper examines the implications of model structure, and assesses how baseline scenarios vary between the models, before analysing the GHG mitigation potential estimates.
GHG mitigation potential is compared for carbon prices of USD 20, 50 and 100/tCO2e. For an assumed carbon price of USD 50/tCO2e, mitigation potential in Japan is estimated to be relatively lower than for the other five economies, ranging from 5-20% emission reduction from baseline in 2020. Although noticeably fewer models report data for Mexico at this price level, the models show deeper potential reductions in the range of 25-37% at the same carbon price. Mitigation potential estimates for Australia, Canada and the US show a wider range of 14-39% reduction relative to 2020 baselines. The EU shows a relatively tighter range of 16-29% emission reductions to 2020. The results of this study show greater emission reduction potentials in the year 2050 than in the year 2020 across the six economies examined, reflecting structural and technical changes that occur over time, including the availability of carbon capture and storage from 2030. In general, the paper finds closer agreement across the models for mitigation potential in 2020 than for later years, reflecting greater uncertainty as projections extend into the future.
A dynamic factor model is applied to a large panel dataset of Singapore’s macroeconomic variables and global economic indicators with the initial objective of analysing business cycles in a small open economy. The empirical results suggest that four common factors – which can broadly be interpreted as world, regional, electronics and domestic economic cycles – capture a large proportion of the co-variation in the quarterly time series. The estimated factor model also explains well the observed fluctuations in real economic activity and price inflation, leading us to use it in forecasting Singapore’s business cycles. We find that the forecasts generated by the factors are generally more accurate than the predictions of univariate models and vector autoregressions that employ leading indicators.
This paper assesses the extent to which India's regulatory environment promotes or inhibits competition in markets where technology and market conditions make competition viable. The analysis is based on the OECD’s indicators of Product Market Regulation (PMR) which have been used extensively over the last decade to benchmark regulatory frameworks in OECD countries and have proven useful in encouraging countries to implement structural reforms that enhance economic performance.
A business cycle is recognized as a growth cycle in a continuously growing economy such as Korea. This paper suggests reasonable dating rules for the reference date of a business cycle using various measures of a growth cycle. These measures are a cyclical component of the coincident composite index (CI), a coincident cumulative diffusion index, and a historical diffusion index with coincident component indicators. Dating rules include identifying turning points based on these measures of the growth cycle, and various approaches which confirm and review whether these turning points are appropriate for reference dates. And the dating rules are backed up by an administrative process to determine and disseminate these turning points as the reference dates of growth cycles in Korea. The process provides a strategy that gives authority to the released reference dates and minimises errorsin the dating. However, these dating rules have strict procedures to determine the reference date because the measures of a growth cycle are revised annually and their turning points could be affected by their revisions. Usually, a new reference date requires approximately three years before it is released officially. Due to the delayed dating strategy, the present and future business conditions need to be reviewed by detecting and forecasting models of the coming turning points with leading indexes and coincident indexes.