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Conçue pour permettre aux pays d’évaluer la performance de leur système d’enseignement à la lumière de celle d’autres pays, l’édition 2009 de Regards sur l’éducation : Les indicateurs de l'OCDE présente une imposante batterie d’indicateurs actualisés et comparables sur les résultats des systèmes éducatifs. Ces indicateurs sont le fruit d’une concertation entre spécialistes sur la façon de mesurer l’état actuel de l’éducation à l’échelle internationale.
Les indicateurs montrent qui participe aux activités éducatives, quelles dépenses leur sont affectées, comment les systèmes éducatifs fonctionnent et quels sont les résultats obtenus. Les indicateurs de résultats portent sur des aspects très variés, allant de la comparaison des performances des élèves dans des disciplines fondamentales jusqu’à l’analyse de l’impact de la formation sur les revenus et sur les possibilités d’emploi à l’âge adulte. Cette édition comprend des éléments nouveaux, notamment : les premiers résultats de l'Enquête internationale de l'OCDE sur les enseignants, l'enseignement et l'apprentissage (TALIS), qui portent en particulier sur les pratiques des enseignants, mais aussi sur l'évaluation des enseignants et les actions entreprises suite à cette évaluation ; une analyse des bienfaits de l'éducation sur le plan social ; des données sur le chômage de longue durée et sur le travail à temps partiel non souhaité chez les jeunes adultes ; un examen de l’évolution du niveau de formation ; une étude des raisons qui poussent à investir dans l'éducation, présentant notamment les bénéfices de l'éducation en dollars selon les pays de l'OCDE ; et une vue d'ensemble de l'excellence dans l'éducation chez les jeunes de 15 ans, à partir des résultats de l'enquête PISA.
The 2009 edition of Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators enables countries to see themselves in the light of other countries’ performance. It provides a rich, comparable and up-to-date array of indicators on the performance of education systems and represents the consensus of professional thinking on how to measure the current state of education internationally.
The indicators look at who participates in education, what is spent on it and how education systems operate and at the results achieved. The latter includes indicators on a wide range of outcomes, from comparisons of students’ performance in key subject areas to the impact of education on earnings and on adults’ chances of employment. New material in this edition includes first results from the OECD Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) on teacher practices as well as teacher appraisal and feedback; an analysis of the social benefits of education; information on long-term unemployment and involuntary part-time work among young adults; a review of trends in attainment; data on the incentives to invest in education which show the benefits of education in dollar amount across OECD countries; and a picture of excellence in education for 15-year-olds, based on findings from the PISA study.
How much countries are spending on children and when is also closely considered, the first time such a comparative exercise has been undertaken across the OECD. Additional chapters offer detailed examinations of countries’ policies for children under age three, the impact of single parenthood on children and the effect of inequalities across generations. The publication concludes with broad policy recommendations for improving child well-being.
This publication is the first report from the International Teaching and Learning Survey (TALIS). It provides quantitative, policy-relevant information on the teaching and learning environment in schools in 23 countries and has a focus on lower secondary education.
School effectiveness research consistently shows that the quality of the learning environment is the most important policy-malleable factor for positive student learning and student outcomes. In recognition of this, TALIS explores key policies and practices that shape the learning environment.
The important role that school leadership can play in creating effective schools is well documented. TALIS illustrates the roles and functions that school leaders adopt within schools – often facing quite different circumstances - and examines how these roles support teachers in their work. Retaining and developing effective teachers is a priority in all school systems and TALIS examines how teachers‟ work is recognised, appraised and rewarded and how well the professional development needs of teachers are being addressed.
Perhaps the most innovative aspect of TALIS is the insights it provides on the teaching beliefs that teachers bring to the classroom and the pedagogical practices that they adopt. TALIS cannot measure which practices or beliefs are most effective but it does show how these associate with some of the conditions that are pre-requisites for effective schooling.
Los avances en tecnología no invasiva para la digitalización y neuroimagen del cerebro alcanzados en los últimos diez años trajeron consigo nuevos métodos de trabajo para los investigadores. En la última década se aprendió más acerca del funcionamiento del cerebro que durante todos los siglos anteriores. En muchas áreas se lograron avances importantes, pero la investigación sobre la capacidad del cerebro para desarrollarse, aprender y cambiar a lo largo del ciclo vital muestra avances prometedores. Estos desarrollos tendrán implicaciones profundas para el aprendizaje y la educación
La nueva “ciencia del aprendizaje” aclara la manera en que se desarrollan en el cerebro los procesos de percepción, memoria y lenguaje; informa sobre la importancia que tienen los primeros años y los tardíos en el aprendizaje exitoso durante toda la vida. También ofrece, entre otras cosas, percepciones sobre cómo mejorar las aptitudes para la lectura y para matemáticas y subraya la distinción fundamental entre naturaleza y crianza en el aprendizaje y el desarrollo cerebral.
La obra destaca la importancia de adoptar el enfoque transdisciplinario que incluye la neurociencia cognoscitiva, la psicología, la atención de la salud y el diseño de políticas. De tal forma, cuando diversos profesionales –maestros, médicos y científicos– trabajen juntos en la búsqueda de respuestas a problemas neurocognoscitivos, habrá una esperanza real de lograr diagnósticos tempranos e intervenciones apropiadas ante condiciones como la dislexia o el mal de Alzheimer.
Los anteriores y muchos otros aspectos se examinan en este libro.
Learning for Jobs is an OECD study of vocational education and training (VET) designed to help countries make their VET systems more responsive to labour market needs.
The Korean VET system is part of a system of education which has achieved huge advances in a very short time; school results and educational attainment levels are now among the highest in OECD countries. At the same time, the rapidity of change has presented the Korean VET system with some significant challenges, including weak involvement of industry in VET, lack of quality standards for workplace training, weak linkages between VET degree and national technical qualifications and lack of practical work experience among VET teachers.
The OECD review assesses the main challenges faced by the VET system and presents an interconnected package of policy recommendations. For each recommendation, the report describes the challenge, the recommendation itself, supporting arguments, and issues of implementation.
This first book in the new OECD Insights Series examines the increasing economic and social importance of human capital - our education, skills, competencies, and knowledge. As economies in developed countries shift away from manufacturing, economic success for individuals and national economies is increasingly reliant on the quality of human capital. Raising human capital has emerged as a key policy priority, particularly for low-skilled individuals, who are at risk of being left even further behind. Policy in this area is focusing on early childhood development, improving quality and choice in schooling, creating excellence in tertiary education, and widening access to adult learning. Drawing on the research and analysis of the OECD, this dynamic new book uses straightforward language to explain how countries across the OECD area are responding to the challenge of raising their levels of human capital. This book includes Statlinks, URLs linking statistical tables and graphs in the text of the book to Excel spreadsheets showing the underlying data.
The rapidly growing demand for highly skilled workers has led to a global competition for talent. While basic competencies are important for the absorption of new technologies, high-level skills are critical for the creation of new knowledge, technologies and innovation. The OECD’s Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) has taken an innovative approach to examining educational excellence, by directly assessing students’ knowledge, skills and attitudes and exploring how these relate to the characteristics of individual students, schools and education systems. Based on PISA survey results, this report examines who the highest performing students are, what the characteristics of the schools they attend are, to what extent they engage in science related activities outside of school, what their motivations and attitudes towards science are, and what their career intentions are.
Cette publication présente les messages essentiels de l’OCDE concernant l’état actuel de l’enseignement et s’articule en 9 sections : éducation des jeunes enfants, enseignement scolaire, transitions au-delà de la formation initiale, enseignement supérieur, formation des adultes et tout au long de la vie, résultats et rentabilité, équité, et innovation. Chaque section est elle-même organisée en deux parties : principaux résultats et orientations pour l’action publique. Les sections sont courtes et accessibles, elles mettent en lumière les messages essentiels de l’OCDE et indiquent clairement les sources dont ils sont extraits.
Learning for Jobs is an OECD study of vocational education and training (VET) designed to help countries make their VET systems more responsive to labour market needs.
The Swiss VET system is very impressive. Its many strengths include strong employer engagement within a well functioning partnership of Confederation, cantons and professional organisations. School and work-based learning are integrated; the system is well-resourced, flexible and comprehensive, including a strong tertiary VET sector. VET teachers and trainers, examiners and directors are well prepared, quality control is ensured, career guidance is systematic and professional. Evidence is well developed and routinely used to support policy arguments.
But at the same time there are a number of challenges. The global recession may reduce the provision of apprenticeship training, the entry of international companies may threaten dual system arrangements, competition between academic and vocational education could be sharpened by demographic changes, and there are some equity concerns.
The OECD review assesses the main challenges faced by the VET system and presents an interconnected package of policy recommendations. For each recommendation, the report describes the challenge, the recommendation itself, supporting arguments, and issues of implementation.
This joint OECD and World Bank review gives a brief overview of post-secondary education in Chile and describes its development over the past twenty years. It presents an analysis of the system and identifies key directions for policy reform in light of the challenges encountered by officials, communities, enterprises, educators, parents and students. It concludes with a set of key recommendations concerning the structure of the system and its labour market relevance; access and equity, governance and management; research, development and innovation; internationalisation; and financing.
The OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) surveys collected data on students’ performances in reading, mathematics and science, as well as contextual information on students’ background, home characteristics and school factors which could influence performance. This publication includes detailed information on how to analyse the PISA data, enabling researchers to both reproduce the initial results and to undertake further analyses. In addition to the inclusion of the necessary techniques, the manual also includes a detailed account of the PISA 2006 database and worked examples providing full syntax in SPSS®.
The OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) surveys collected data on students’ performance in reading, mathematics and science, as well as contextual information on students’ background, home characteristics and school factors which could influence performance. This publication includes detailed information on how to analyse the PISA data, enabling researchers to both reproduce the initial results and to undertake further analyses. In addition to the inclusion of the necessary techniques, the manual also includes a detailed account of the PISA 2006 database. It also includes worked examples providing full syntax in SAS®.
This book presents OECD's main messages regarding the current state of education. Organised into nine sections, this report examines early childhood, schooling, transitions beyond initial education, higher education, adult education, lifelong learning, outcomes and returns, equity, and innovation. Each section offers both key findings and orientations for policy. All sections highlight the main messages in a concise and accessible way, with reference to the original OECD sources.
With tertiary education increasingly seen as a fundamental pillar for economic growth, these systems must now address the pressures of a globalising economy and labour market. This review, designed to help Spain understand how improving tertiary education can help it achieve its economic and social goals, presents an overview of Spain's tertiary education system, an account of trends and developments, an analysis of strengths and challenges, and recommendation for future development.
In many OECD countries, tertiary education systems have experienced rapid growth over the last decade. With tertiary education increasingly seen as a fundamental pillar for economic growth, these systems must now address the pressures of a globalising economy and labour market. Within governance frameworks that encourage institutions, individually and collectively, to fulfil multiple missions, tertiary education systems must aim for the broad objectives of growth, full employment and social cohesion.
In this context, the OECD launched a major review of tertiary education with the participation of 24 nations. The principal objective of the review is to assist countries in understanding how the organisation, management and delivery of tertiary education can help them achieve their economic and social goals. Japan is one of 14 countries which opted to host a Country Review, in which a team of external reviewers carried out an in-depth analysis of tertiary education policies. This report includes:
- an overview of Japan's tertiary education system;
- an account of trends and developments in tertiary education in Japan;
- an analysis of the strengths and challenges in tertiary education in Japan; and
- recommendations for future policy development.
This review of tertiary education in Japan forms part of the OECD Thematic Review of Tertiary Education, a project conducted between 2004 and 2008.