Browse by: "2006"

Les liaisons terrestres entre l’Europe et l’Asie peuvent constituer dans un certain nombre de cas une alternative valable à la voie maritime. Cependant la mise en place de liaisons terrestres efficaces entre l’Europe et l’Asie nécessite des décisions politiques appropriées. Celles-ci portent notamment sur la mise à disposition d’infrastructures de transport adéquates et la levée des obstacles réglementaires ou institutionnels qui empêchent le développement de services efficients de transport. Cette publication contient le document approuvé par les Ministres ainsi qu’un rapport qui a servi de support au débat ministériel de Moscou et qui fait le point sur l’évolution des échanges Europe-Asie et leurs conséquences sur les transports. Dans cette publication sont également reproduits le texte du plan d’action approuvé par ces mêmes Ministres afin de faciliter le transport intermodal entre l’Europe et l’Asie ainsi que les conclusions d’un séminaire organisé précédemment à Kiev sur « L’intermodalité Europe-Asie : pertinence et potentiels».

For the potential advantages of migration to be harnessed, it is crucial that immigration be accompanied by integration, or effective mechanisms for ensuring that immigrants are incorporated into labour markets, the economy and society. While immigration policy is often determined, designed and funded at the national level, its impact on migrants and society is more strongly felt at the local level where other policies interact. This publication highlights principles and factors which are important in supporting integration locally. A comparison of local initiatives implemented in five OECD countries - Canada, UK (London), Spain, Italy, and Switzerland - answers key questions facing all policy makers and stakeholders working in this field. This book provides a set of concrete policy recommendations for implementation at both local and national levels.

Published every two years, this publication reports on steelmaking capacity of non-OECD countries on a company-by-company basis, and within company, by plant.  It opens with a summary of major trends by region which also makes projections for 2008.  It then presents detailed tables showing for each plant/project existing capacity and equipment, the starting date of planned projects, works ownership and the information sources used. It also briefly describes the progress of projects, recent changes at existing works, and, where known, the financing of projects.

Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is one of the main tools available to achieve integration of the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programmes.  This Guidance volume explains the benefits of using SEA in development co-operation and sets out key steps for its application based on recent experiences. Twelve different entry points are identified for the practical application of SEA in development co-operation. For each entry point, the text provides a guidance note: a checklist of questions and hands-on case studies. Evaluation and capacity development for SEA processes are also addressed.

This book presents data designed to assist in understanding the evolution of the emissions of CO2 from 1971 to 2004 for more than 140 countries and regions by sector and by fuel. Emissions were calculated using IEA energy databases and the default methods and emission factors from the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.

This publication describes the activities of the ECMT during 2005. It also sets out the main documents approved by Ministers in Moscow and presents: the major events of the year, the latest trends in transport, the activities of the ECMT Working groups, and JTRC activities. It includes an organigramme and staff directory.

Cette brochure décrit les activités de la CEMT au cours de l'année 2005. Elle contient le texte des principaux documents approuvés par le Conseil des Ministres des Transports à Moscou et couvre : les événements majeurs de l'année, l'évolution des transports, les activités des groupes de travail de la CEMT, et les activités du CCRT. Elle comprend également un organigramme et le répertoire du personnel.

Mettant à profit l’expérience de pays de l’OCDE, cet ouvrage propose un examen exhaustif de ces questions et des recherches récentes sur les impacts environnementaux et économiques de l’instauration de taxes liées à l’environnement. Il étudie en particulier les moyens de surmonter les obstacles à leur mise en oeuvre. Il analyse également les effets, sur les plans environnemental et économique, de l’utilisation combinée de ces taxes et d’autres instruments de la politique environnementale.

Comment se fait-il qu’alors que l’état de santé des populations s’améliore, de plus en plus de gens en âge de travailler sont exclus de la population active et vivent de prestations maladie et invalidité de longue durée ? Ce rapport analyse les facteurs qui pourraient expliquer ce paradoxe. C’est le premier d’une nouvelle série d’examens de l’OCDE sur la maladie, l’invalidité et le travail. Les auteurs s’y intéressent plus particulièrement aux cas de la Norvège, de la Pologne et de la Suisse et mettent en lumière le rôle des institutions et des politiques. Un ensemble de recommandations sont présentées.

Why is it that health is improving, yet more and more people of working age end up out of the workforce relying on long-term sickness and disability benefits? This first report in a new OECD series on sickness, disability and work explores the possible factors behind this paradox. It looks specifically at the cases of Norway, Poland and Switzerland, and highlights the role of institutions and policies. A range of reform recommendations is put forward.

L’édition 2006 de l’étude périodique de l'OCDE sur l’économie allemande dresse le tableau d’une économie qui reste faible et inégale, et recommande des réformes dans un certain nombre de domaines. Des dossiers spéciaux sont consacrés à quelques enjeux majeurs : rétablir la crédibilité budgétaire, rendre l’administration plus efficace, améliorer le système éducatif, flexibiliser le marché du travail et ouvrir la concurrence dans les activités de services et de réseau.

Tables of national competitiveness give an easily comparable ranking of the winners and losers of global economic competition. But they don't explain why the “poor” countries are four times less productive than the “rich” ones or why some rich countries are twice as productive as others.  Using empirical data from over 50 countries, this book shows how even small differences in a number of factors combine to boost or block productivity. Governments need such information to set priorities. Investors need it too, and two new rankings are proposed as alternatives to a simple comparison of industrial productivity. The first, called the “investor ranking”, is based on infrastructure, human capital and total factor productivity. The second, “exporter ranking”, is for investors whose prime concern is for a production platform well-integrated into world trade. Combining the new rankings with a more traditional one produces three groups of countries, termed balanced, high potential, and vulnerable. Group membership reserves some surprises: you may be rich, but that doesn’t mean you’re not vulnerable.

Turkish domestic equity markets and inward foreign investment are poised to grow rapdily but only if corporate governance standards are high enough to protect minority shareholders. This report evaluates the extent to which the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance have been implemented in Turkey, looking at both the legal and regulatory framework as well as company practices. It finds that significant reforms to the corporate governance framework have already been introduced, and supports additional legislative reforms that are already in progress. Looking ahead, the report argues that it is time to move into the next important phase in policy reform, and makes a series of recommendations for further strengthening Turkeys corporate governance structures.

Building on a recent groundbreaking OECD/World Bank seminar, this volume explores whether and how trade liberalisation can contribute to achieving universal service goals and the types of complementary policies required.  It focuses on experiences in four sectors - telecommunications,  water and sanitation, financial services, and electricity. The unique multi-sector perspective taken in this book, together with the national case studies, yield insights which can help countries promote their universal access goals. A horizontal assessment also helps determine how far the current services negotiations in the WTO, under the General Agreement on Trade in Services, can aid the attainment of universal service goals.

Large-scale study of populations may contribute significantly to science’s understanding of the complex multi-factorial basis of disease and to improvements in prevention, detection, diagnosis, treatment and cure. This book summarises the proceedings of a conference on human genetic research databases.  It examines what they are and provides a number of examples. It looks at how they have been established, governed, and funded. And it looks at how they are managed and commercialised, exploring what the policy implications are for governments. 

The lack of funding available from the financial sector for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is known as the "financing gap". This timely report analyses this gap for both credit and equity financing and seeks to determine how prevalent such a gap may be, both among OECD countries and non-OECD economies. The report recommends measures to foster an improved flow of financing to SMEs and entrepreneurs.

China's endowment of water resources is extremely low, poorly distributed, and increasingly polluted.  With agriculture being one of the main consumers of water, China's future development depends on initiatives that will raise the efficiency and efficacy of water use.  These workshop proceedings examine the current situation in China, look at what is being done in OECD countries to manage water resources, and suggest policy options for China.