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This report maps and analyses the core issues which together make up effective regulatory management for Belgium, laying down a framework of what should be driving regulatory policy and reform in the future. Issues examined include: strategy and policies for improving regulatory management; institutional capacities for effective regulation and the broader policy making context; transparency and processes for effective public consultation and communication; processes for the development of new regulations, including impact assessment and for the management of the regulatory stock, including administrative burdens; compliance rates, enforcement policy and appeal processes; and the multilevel dimension: interface between different levels of government and interface between national processes and those of the EU. This book is part of a project examining better regulation, being carried out in partnership with the European Commission.
Die Ausgabe 2010 von Bildung auf einen Blick: OECD-Indikatoren ermöglicht es jedem einzelnen Land, sein Bildungssystem im Licht der Leistungen anderer Länder zu betrachten. Sie bietet ein umfangreiches, aktuelles Spektrum an Indikatoren zu den Bildungssystemen, die Ländervergleiche ermöglichen und die Qualität und Effizienz der Bildungssysteme nach Maßstäben messen, die von der internationalen Fachwelt allgemein anerkannt werden.
Die Indikatoren zeigen auf, wer an Bildung teilnimmt, was für Bildung ausgegeben wird und wie die einzelnen Bildungssysteme funktionieren. Ferner veranschaulichen sie ein breites Spektrum an Bildungsergebnissen, indem beispielsweise die Schülerleistungen in wichtigen Fächern und der Einfluss von Bildung auf die Arbeitsverdienste und Beschäftigungschancen Erwachsener verglichen werden.
This report maps and analyses the core issues which together make up effective regulatory management for Austria, laying down a framework of what should be driving regulatory policy and reform in the future. Issues examined include: strategy and policies for improving regulatory management; institutional capacities for effective regulation and the broader policy making context; transparency and processes for effective public consultation and communication; processes for the development of new regulations, including impact assessment and for the management of the regulatory stock, including administrative burdens; compliance rates, enforcement policy and appeal processes; and the multilevel dimension: interface between different levels of government and interface between national processes and those of the EU. This book is part of a project examining better regulation, being carried out in partnership with the European Commission.
This report maps and analyses the core issues which together make up effective regulatory management for France, laying down a framework of what should be driving regulatory policy and reform in the future. Issues examined include: strategy and policies for improving regulatory management; institutional capacities for effective regulation and the broader policy making context; transparency and processes for effective public consultation and communication; processes for the development of new regulations, including impact assessment and for the management of the regulatory stock, including administrative burdens; compliance rates, enforcement policy and appeal processes; and the multilevel dimension: interface between different levels of government and interface between national processes and those of the EU. This book is part of a project examining better regulation, being carried out in partnership with the European Commission.
This report maps and analyses the core issues which together make up effective regulatory management for Spain, laying down a framework of what should be driving regulatory policy and reform in the future. Issues examined include: strategy and policies for improving regulatory management; institutional capacities for effective regulation and the broader policy making context; transparency and processes for effective public consultation and communication; processes for the development of new regulations, including impact assessment and for the management of the regulatory stock, including administrative burdens; compliance rates, enforcement policy and appeal processes; and the multilevel dimension: interface between different levels of government and interface between national processes and those of the EU. This book is part of a project examining better regulation, being carried out in partnership with the European Commission.
In the context of the economic recovery and public budget cuts, policy silos and fragmented short-term policy interventions have become luxuries that our economies can no longer afford. Government intervenes in a myriad of ways at the local level, and rarely are these interventions co-ordinated effectively. Most of us are familiar with policy “silos”. Such divisions are often taken for granted, blamed on historical working relationships (“it has always been like that”) and organisational cultures (“they don’t work like we do”). However these divisions come at a cost. The issues and challenges facing local communities are often complex, and require a holistic approach to be resolved. This book provides concrete advice to policy makers at both national and local levels on how to better align policies, reduce duplication and waste, and “do more with less”. It is based on comparative analysis of 11 countries in Australisia, Europe and North America and combines rankings on where countries stand in terms of the integration of employment, skills and economic development policies, with concrete examples of successful policy integration on the ground.
This report maps and analyses the core issues which together make up effective regulatory management for the Ireland, laying down a framework of what should be driving regulatory policy and reform in the future. Issues examined include: strategy and policies for improving regulatory management; institutional capacities for effective regulation and the broader policy making context; transparency and processes for effective public consultation and communication; processes for the development of new regulations, including impact assessment and for the management of the regulatory stock, including administrative burdens; compliance rates, enforcement policy and appeal processes; and the multilevel dimension: interface between different levels of government and interface between national processes and those of the EU. This book is part of a project examining better regulation, being carried out in partnership with the European Commission.
This report maps and analyses the core issues which together make up effective regulatory management for Luxembourg, laying down a framework of what should be driving regulatory policy and reform in the future. Issues examined include: strategy and policies for improving regulatory management; institutional capacities for effective regulation and the broader policy making context; transparency and processes for effective public consultation and communication; processes for the development of new regulations, including impact assessment and for the management of the regulatory stock, including administrative burdens; compliance rates, enforcement policy and appeal processes; and the multilevel dimension: interface between different levels of government and interface between national processes and those of the EU. This book is part of a project examining better regulation, being carried out in partnership with the European Commission.
Eco-innovation is more important than ever on the public policy agenda. It is a major driver for green growth and contributes to the environmental performance and economic development of OECD and developing countries alike.
This report takes a pragmatic approach to policies that support the development and diffusion of eco-innovation. Building on the OECD Innovation Strategy, it argues that eco-innovation is not merely about technological developments: non-technical innovations matter as well. It acknowledges that policies do not operate in a vacuum and that they must take account of the contexts that influence the development and diffusion of eco-innovation, such as market structures. It explores links between eco-innovation policies and related fields such as industry, competition, and international cooperation.
This work builds on an OECD inventory of eco-innovation policies in OECD countries and in China. It also draws on studies of select environment-friendly innovations, highlighting different patterns of development across countries. It also incorporates extensive international consultation on the topics of eco-innovation and green growth.
The results from this publication will contribute to the Green Growth Strategy being developed by the OECD as a practical policy package for governments to harness the potential of greener growth.
For more information on OECD work on eco-innovation, visit: www.oecd.org/greengrowth
www.oecd.org/environment/innovation
www.oecd.org/sti/innovation/green
The provision of water supply, sanitation and wastewater services generates substantial benefits for public health, the economy and the environment. Benefit-to-cost ratios can be as high as 7 to 1 for basic water and sanitation services in developing countries.
Wastewater treatment interventions, for example, generate significant benefits for public health, the environment and for certain economic sectors such as fisheries, tourism and property markets.
The full magnitude of the benefits of water services is seldom considered for a number of reasons, including the difficulty in quantifying important non-economic benefits such as non-use values, dignity, social status, cleanliness and overall well-being. Also, information about the benefits of water services is usually hidden in the technical literature, where it remains invisible to key decision-makers in ministries.
This report draws together and summarises existing information on the benefits of water and sanitation.
Efficient provision of transport infrastructure is critical to economic growth. The long asset lives of much transport infrastructure indicates governance through regulation, rather than through contract or public ownership. This can ensure predictability in long-term relationships whilst preserving some flexibility to deal with changes in external circumstances.
The transparency created by a fully independent regulator is invaluable for ensuring sufficient investment is forthcoming, while maintaining reasonable conditions for user access. Discussion at the Roundtable focussed on how to achieve effective independent regulation and how to reconcile independence with the legitimate control of policy by the executive part of government.
Independent regulation is not seen as a universal default governance arrangement. Much of the discussion focused on when to regulate and when to rely on competition, even if imperfect, to drive efficiency. The discussions underscored that there are opportunities to improve performance significantly in the aviation, rail and road sectors, by learning from successful experience in improving governance structures in a range of countries.
Trends in bank profitability and factors affecting it are major indicators of changes in the state of health of national banking systems. This publication provides nationally aggregated financial statements of banks data for OECD member countries. The coverage of banks is not the same in each country, though the objective is to include all institutions that conduct ordinary banking business, namely institutions which primarily take deposits from the public at large and provide finance for a wide range of purposes. Some information on the number of reporting banks, their branches and staff is also included, as well as structural information regarding the whole financial sector. Moreover, ratios, based on various items of the financial statements of banks in percentage of some specific aggregates, are supplied to facilitate the analysis of trends in bank profitability of OECD countries. Times series available vary according to country, but generally the last five years of available data are shown.
Biofuels could provide up to 27% of total transport fuel worldwide by 2050. The use of transport fuels from biomass, when produced sustainably, can help cut petroleum use and reduce CO2 emissions in the transport sector, especially in heavy transport. Sustainable biofuel technologies, in particular advanced biofuels, will play an important role in achieving this roadmap vision.
The roadmap describes the steps necessary to realise this ambitious biofuels target; identifies key actions by different stakeholders, and the role for government policy to adopt measures needed to ensure the sustainable expansion of both conventional and advanced biofuel production.
The reader will learn about the effectiveness of boards in fulfilling their obligation to align executive and board remuneration with the longer term interests of their companies.
In allen OECD-Ländern kämpfen Regierungen mit schrumpfenden öffentlichen Haushalten während sie nach politischen Ansätzen und Maßnahmen suchen, um das Bildungswesen effektiver zu gestalten und der wachsenden Nachfrage gerecht zu werden.
Die Ausgabe des Jahres 2011 von Bildung auf einen Blick – OECD-Indikatoren ermöglicht jedem Land, sein eigenes Bildungssystem im Vergleich zu anderen Ländern zu betrachten. Sie bietet ein umfangreiches Spektrum an Indikatoren zur Leistungsfähigkeit der einzelnen Bildungssysteme, die auf dem Konsens der Fachwelt beruhen, wie der gegenwärtige Stand der Bildung im internationalen Vergleich zu bewerten ist.
Die Indikatoren zeigen, wer an Bildung teilnimmt, was für Bildung ausgegeben wird und wie die einzelnen Bildungssysteme funktionieren. Sie zeigen unterschiedlichste Ergebnisse von Bildungssystemen auf, indem sie beispielsweise Schülerleistungen in wichtigen Fächern vergleichen oder die Auswirkungen von Bildung auf das Einkommen und die Beschäftigungsmöglichkeiten von Erwachsenen darstellen.
Zu den in dieser Ausgabe neu hinzu gekommenen Aspekten gehören:
• Eine Analyse seit 1995 implementierter Reformen der Studiengebühren.
• Indikatoren zu den Zusammenhängen zwischen sozioökonomischem Hintergrund und Lernergebnissen.
• Indikatoren zu den Rechenschaftspflichten öffentlicher und privater Bildungseinrichtungen.
• Ein Indikator zu den unterschiedlichen Fächergruppen, für die sich Schüler und Studierende entscheiden.
• Ein Indikator zu den Arbeitsmarktergebnissen von Absolventen allgemeinbildender und berufsbildender Schulen.
• Indikatoren zum Umfang der Teilnahme von Erwachsenen an Fort- und Weiterbildungsmaßnahmen und Indikatoren zur Freude von Schülern am Lesen.
Die den Tabellen und Abbildungen dieser Ausgabe zugrunde liegenden Excel-Tabellen können über die jeweils darunter angegebenen StatLinks eingesehen werden. Die Tabellen und Abbildungen selbst sowie die gesamte OECD-Online-Bildungsdatenbank sind über die Website der OECD unter www.oecd.org/edu/eag2011 frei zugänglich.
This report examines the ways in which wider policies can be use to support our common development objectives. It focuses on areas requiring collective action by the entire international community, and complements the OECD’s continuing work on aid effectiveness and monitoring aid flows.
It starts from two premises. First, policies ranging from trade and investment to tax and fiscal transparency, corporate governance, climate change, resource security and social policy have a profound impact on the prospects for achieving sustainable development. Second, whilst these require action by national governments and regional organisations in both developed and developing countries, in today’s interconnected world they also require collective action by the entire international community.
The report covers 18 development policy topics divided into four broad categories: sustainable economic growth, economic governance, the environment and natural resource security, and society. Together these reflect the OECD’s mission to promote better policies for better lives.
This report examines the interplay between banking competition and financial stability, taking into account the experiences in the recent global crisis and the policy response to it. The report has been prepared by members of the Directorate of Financial and Enterprise Affairs at the OECD in Paris for the G20 Workshop “The New Financial Landscape."
This study is concerned with trends in and key features of policies and programmes used by governments to support innovation in the business sector. In addition to identifying good practices across a range of programme types, it compares business innovation policies across several countries, with a particular focus on Canada.
This report presents the best current evidence about what can make teacher-oriented reforms effective and points to examples of reforms that have produced specific results, show promise or illustrate imaginative ways of implementing change. Its four chapters cover recruitment and initial preparation of teachers; teacher development, support, careers and employment conditions; teacher evaluation and compensation; and teacher engagement in education reform.
This set of common principles for all development actors was adopted by representatives of government, multilateral organisations, civil society, private sector, foundations and other actors in 2011. It centres on: Ownership of development priorities by developing counties; A focus on results; Partnerships for development; Transparency and shared responsibility.