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This book is the product of a collaborative effort between the OECD Environment and Development Co-operation directorates on mainstreaming responses to climate change in development planning and assistance. This volume synthesises insights from six country case studies that review climate change impacts and vulnerabilities, analyse relevant national plans and aid investments in terms of their exposure and attention to climate risks, and examine in-depth key systems where climate change is closely intertwined with development and natural resource management. The case studies cover the Nepal Himalayas, Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, the Nile in Egypt, the Bangladesh Sundarbans, coastal mangroves in Fiji, and agriculture and forestry sectors in Uruguay.
Overall, the volume suggests a rich agenda for research and policy action which should be of considerable interest to donor agencies, sectoral planners and development practioners, as well as climate change experts and policy makers.
This publication provides annual data showing aggregate information on the banking sector of OECD member countries. Data show number of institutions and branches by type of bank, aggregate income statement and balance sheets, and classification of assets by resident/non-resident and domestic/foreign currency. Data are provided from the mid-90s onwards in national currencies. Longer time series are available on CD-ROM and on line at http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/bank-data-en
Bildung auf einen Blick 2005 liefert einen umfassenden und aktuellen Katalog vergleichbarer Indikatoren zur Leistung der Bildungssysteme. Im Mittelpunkt stehen zwar die 30 OECD-Länder, die Indikatoren werden jedoch zunehmend auch in Partnerländern angewandt. Sie beziehen sich auf die Bildungsteilnahme, die Bildungsausgaben, die Funktionsweise von Bildungs- und Lernsystemen sowie ein breites Spektrum an Bildungsergebnissen.
This book provides comments and illustrations to facilitate the common interpretation of the standard in force for grading beans in international trade under the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables set up by the OECD in 1962. It is therefore a valuable tool for both the Inspection Authorities and professional bodies responsible for the application of standards or those interested in international trade of beans.
An important factor for public confidence in the nuclear regulator is the general public trust of the government and its representatives, which is clearly not the same in all countries. These workshop proceedings identify a number of common principles for the communication of nuclear regulatory decisions that can be recommended to all regulators. They have been cited in particular for their ability to help build, measure and/or improve overall public confidence in the nuclear regulator.
Australien, Österreich, Kanada, Tschechische Republik, Dänemark, Finnland, Deutschland, Irland, Korea, Luxemburg, die Niederlande, Norwegen, Spanien und das Vereinigte Königreich beteiligten sich an der OECD-Studie.
Ziel war es zu ermitteln, inwieweit die Organisation, das Management und die Praxis der Berufsberatung dazu beitragen können, dass die Länder in den Bereichen lebenslanges Lernen und aktive Arbeitsmarktpolitik Fortschritte machen.
The Baltic Sea Region is rapidly becoming one of the world’s more competitive regions. The region is capitalising on its strengths and making the most of its diversity to stimulate innovation, build a strong pool of skilled labour and foster entrepreneurship. A deep spirit of co-operation and integration has led the Baltic Sea countries to set up ambitious governance frameworks to pursue economic development objectives jointly from Oslo to St. Petersburg. Yet major challenges at the local level lie ahead for the Eastern shores of the Baltic, where economic transition still needs to be accompanied by more innovative strategic planning, new forms of governance and dynamic civic entrepreneurship. Policies will need to be made more adaptable and capacities will need to be strengthened if prosperity and living standards are to increase on the Baltic Rim.
Fortunately, the Baltic Sea Region includes some of the world’s most innovative countries. From Denmark to Finland, the Region possesses a breadth of experience in facilitating policy co-ordination, adjusting policy to local conditions and involving business and civil society in shaping policy measures. There is a great deal that other countries can learn from this experience in setting up partnerships, regional strategic frameworks and other forms of governance. The learning process has already started, with the Baltic Rim becoming a unique laboratory for governance. This book analyses the new governance developments in the Baltic States and Northwest Russia and provides suggestions on how to speed up this progress. It is essential reading for all stakeholders in the Baltic Sea Region and for those elsewhere wishing to apply emerging lessons to their region of the world.
The analysis of the inner workings of the firm has been largely absent from economic assessments of environmental policy. In an effort to partly fill this vacuum, this book summarises the results of an OECD project which collected and analysed data from over 4,000 facilities in seven OECD countries. Issues addressed include the role of 'flexible' policy instruments in encouraging clean production strategies and environmental research and development; the effectiveness of different environmental policy incentives on the introduction of environmental management systems and tools; and the relationship between environmental and commercial performance.
The days when it was thought that the development process could and should be managed by governments alone are long past. The challenge today is how to involve other parts of society such as the private sector and NGOs. This book details the activities of the private sector in developing and emerging economies and demonstrates how these activities are inter-related with government policies. Understanding these activities and public-private interactions is indispensable for the private sector to play its full role in a nation's development process. To this end, several case studies provide concrete examples from Africa, Asia and elsewhere.
Public works contracts mean big business. From road-building to high-tech communication infrastructure, public procurement averages 15% of GDP in OECD countries--substantially more in non-OECD economies--and it is a major factor in the world trade of goods and services. Given the growing complexity of bribe schemes in today’s globalised markets, the problem is how to identify corruption in public procurement so governments can work toward effective prevention and apply sanctions if necessary. This report provides insights on all three fronts. Based on contributions from law enforcement and procurement specialists, the report describes how bribery is committed through the various stages of government purchasing; how bribery in public procurement is related to other crimes, such as fraud and money laundering; and how to prevent and sanction such crimes. The typical motivations and conduct of the various actors engaging in corruption are also highlighted, as well as ten case studies.
Diese Ausgabe der Reihe Bildungspolitische Analyse befasst sich mit einer Reihe von aktuellen bildungspolitischen Fragen, die sich aus den zentralen strategischen Zielen der OECD im Bereich Bildung ergeben haben. Sie verbindet die Arbeit im Bereich Bildung mit Arbeiten in anderen Bereichen der OECD (insbesondere in der Direktion für Wissenschaft, Technologie und Industrie und dem OECD-Zentrum für Steuerpolitik und Verwaltung). Hiermit spiegelt die Veröffentlichung die Betonung der engeren Verzahnung der einzelnen Politikbereiche wider, die eines der Hauptthemen des ersten Treffens hochrangiger Vertreter der Bildungssysteme der OECD-Länder war, das im Februar 2003 in Dublin stattfand.
This joint OECD-World Bank stocktaking exercise of social accountability (SA) initiatives in OECD member countries contributes to the global exchange of policy relevant knowledge. The stocktaking exercise produced 40 templates detailing social accountability initiatives in 27 OECD countries and the European Commission. Cases were selected on the basis of their focus and level, and potential transferability of their policy lessons.
Der zunehmend komplexe Charakter der Bestechungsstrukturen wirft die Frage auf, wie sich Korruptionshandlungen im öffentlichen Auftragswesen feststellen lassen. Der vorliegende Bericht beschreibt, wie in den verschiedenen Stadien öffentlicher Vergabeverfahren Bestechungshandlungen begangen werden, in welchem Zusammenhang die Bestechung im öffentlichen Auftragswesen zu anderen Straftaten, wie Betrug und Geldwäsche, steht und wie sich derartige Straftaten verhindern und sanktionieren lassen. Es werden zehn Fallbeispiele angeführt.
Der Bericht wirft ein neues Licht auf die undurchsichtigen Mechanismen und Strukturen der Bestechung im öffentlichen Beschaffungswesen und bietet Insiderwissen, das Regierungen und internationale Organisationen zur Verbesserung ihrer Korruptionsbekämpfungsmaßnahmen nutzen können.
Die Ausgabe 2007 richtet das Augenmerk besonders auf die Tertiärbildung und stellt fest, dass es – trotz ihrer raschen Expansion – bislang keine Anzeichen für eine Entwertung der entsprechenden Bildungsqualifikationen gibt.
Darüber hinaus befasst sich Bildung auf einen Blick 2007 erstmals mit der Frage der Effizienz des Bildungswesens und liefert einige Anhaltspunkte dafür, welche Anstrengungen unternommen werden müssen, wenn die Lehrtätigkeit ebenso wie andere Berufe mit dem Ziel einer Steigerung des Kosten-Nutzen-Verhältnisses reformiert werden soll.
Finding a suitable work/family life balance is a challenge that all parents face. Some people would like to have (more) children, but do not see how they could match that commitment with their employment situation. Other parents are happy with the number of children in their family, but would like to work more. Yet other parents who are happy with their family situation, may wish to work at different hours, or reduce hours worked to spend more time with their children. This book synthesises the finding of the 13 individual country reviews published previously and extends the scope to include other OECD countries, examining tax/benefit policies, parental leave systems, child care support, and workplace practices.
"...a good source for a socio-political analysis of OECD countries and comparative political hypothesis testing."
-Stan Silverberg, Catawba College
"...a great way of helping students learn to read and interpret graphical data."
-Ken Wedding, author of The AP Comparative Government and Politics Examination: What You Need to Know, Second Edition
Launched in 1998, the latest edition of this series (formerly entitled Benefit Systems and Work Incentives) provides detailed descriptions of all cash benefits available to those in and out of work as well as the taxes they are liable to pay across OECD countries. A special chapter also compares childcare costs across countries and the financial work incentives faced by parents of young children. Using the OECD tax-benefit models, total household incomes and their components are calculated for a range of family types and employment situations. The results are used to examine financial incentives to work, either part-time or full-time, as well as the extent to which social benefits prevent income poverty for those without a job. This volume presents results for 2005 and earlier years.
Biofuels received USD 15 billion in subsidies in OECD Member countries in 2007, but did they deliver benefits in terms of climate change or oil security? Present policies make no link between support for biofuels and their environmental performance, and biofuels do not all perform equally well. In fact, much of the current ethanol and biodiesel production may result in higher overall emissions of greenhouse gases than using conventional transport fuels - gasoline and diesel. The papers published in this report examine the economics of biofuels and assess the potential of conventional biofuel production in OECD countries, Brazilian ethanol exports and some second generation biofuels to supply world markets with transport fuels.
This Round Table analyses the critical issues for governments in determining support for biofuels, particularly the level of greenhouse gas emissions throughout the life-cycle of these fuels and the wider environmental impacts of farming biomass. It also reviews recent progress in developing certification systems for biofuels – an essential tool for tying support to achievement in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, although certification cannot be expected to prevent rainforest destruction for the development of biofuel crop plantations. The report concludes with a short list of recommendations for policy reform if support for biofuels is to contribute effectively to mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.
The changing pattern of international agricultural trade has profound implications for Africa. The book’s authors discuss these trade flows, map the corporate landscape of agro-food, (including the emergent indigenous sector), and assess trends in international development co-operation in the corporate sector. Particular focus is given to “aid for trade” programmes that try to foster private-sector development and trade-capacity building. A final chapter, drawing lessons from five country case studies, provides evidence of the (in)effectiveness of government intervention and donor programmes to promote the marketing of African agriculture.