1887

Cameroon

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The economy of Cameroon should continue to progress in 2012, when it is expected to show growth of 4.4% compared to 4.1% in 2011. At sector level, the outlook for 2012-13 indicates that the primary sector will show 5% growth, thanks to average growth of 5% in the food-crop sub-sector and 5.7% in the cash-crop sub-sector. The secondary sector is expected to grow 1.4% over the same period, driven by the construction industry, better energy supply and higher production in the food-processing and manufacturing industries. The tertiary sector should progress 3.7%, thanks notably to buoyant conditions in transport and telecommunications.

French

L’économie camerounaise devrait continuer de progresser en 2012 pour se stabiliser à un taux de croissance de 4.4 % contre 4.1 % en 2011. Au niveau sectoriel, les perspectives pour la période 2012-13 laissent entrevoir une croissance de 5 % du secteur primaire grâce à la bonne tenue aussi bien du sous-secteur vivrier (+5 % en moyenne) que du soussecteur des produits de rente (+5.7 % en moyenne). Le secteur secondaire est prévu croître de 1.4 % sur la même période, tiré par les activités du sous-secteur des BTP, l’amélioration de l’offre énergétique et la production des industries agroalimentaires et manufacturières. Le secteur tertiaire devrait également progresser de 3.7 % grâce notamment au dynamisme dans les transports et les télécommunications.

English

This case study is intended to illustrate the application of the international drivers of corruption framework, and provides an initial scoping of the main drivers affecting Cameroon. Structured around the four steps of the framework and the guiding questions, the study identifies two drivers as being particularly important in explaining domestic corruption and governance problems: rents arising from the trade in natural resources (in particular oil and timber), and illicit financial flows.

The rate of growth recorded two successive falls between 2007 and 2009. It fell from 3.3% in 2007 to 2.9% in 2008 and to 2% in 2009, before rising more than one percentage point in 2010 to stabilise at 3%. The projections for 2011 and 2012 are 3.8% and 5.3% respectively, based mainly on the strength of internal demand, notably domestic consumption. This has been driven by the benefits of financial arrangements related to the completion of infrastructure projects. Private investment in the non-oil sector should support growth by an average of 0.4 percentage points a year. At the same time, the oil sector should continue to play an important role in growth with the exploitation of reserves in the Bakassi area.

The growth rate of the Cameroonian economy slowed from 2.9% in 2008 to an estimated 2% in 2009. This slowdown can be attributed to the deterioration of the trade balance, the sluggish international economic climate and the country’s increasing fiscal difficulties due to the combined effects of the global economic and financial crisis, the food crisis and the energy deficit. The government has taken emergency measures to stimulate the agricultural sector, assigning priority to products such as maize, rice, manioc, potatoes, palm oil and plantains. Given the signs of recovery observed in developed countries, real gross domestic product (GDP) growth is projected to rise to 3.5% in 2010 and 4.6% in 2011. According to projections, the improving international environment should strongly boost world demand and thus stimulate commodities exports from developing countries.
 
 

French

L’économie camerounaise ralentit : de 2.9 % en 2008, le taux de croissance devrait revenir à 2 % en 2009. Ce ralentissement s’explique par la détérioration de la balance commerciale, la morosité de l’environnement économique international et l’aggravation des difficultés budgétaires du pays découlant des effets combinés de la crise économique et financière mondiale, de la crise alimentaire et du déficit énergétique. Aussi le gouvernement a-t-il pris des mesures d’urgence afin de stimuler le secteur agricole et notamment les productions jugées prioritaires telles que le maïs, le riz, le manioc, la pomme de terre, le palmier à huile et la banane plantain. Toutefois, les signaux de reprise observés dans les pays avancés permettent d’envisager une croissance réelle du produit intérieur brut (PIB) de 3.5 % en 2010 et de 4.6 % en 2011. Selon les prévisions, l’amélioration de l’environnement international devrait se traduire par une forte progression de la demande mondiale, et donc par une relance les exportations de matières premières en provenance des pays en développement.

English

Cameroon’s Constitution upholds the principle of gender equality. However, the country has a complex legal system comprising a mix of Napoleonic Code and common law, as well as customary and written law. This structure is often an obstacle to gender equality. Local traditions also remain very strong, and have negative effects on the situation of Cameroonian women.

LE TAUX DE CROISSANCE RÉEL DU PRODUIT intérieur brut (PIB) s’est élevé à 4.1 pour cent en 2008 contre 3.4 pour cent en 2007. Cette progression s’explique par la bonne tenue du secteur pétrolier et par la combinaison de plusieurs facteurs, notamment la poursuite des travaux de construction des infrastructures, l’amélioration de l’offre énergétique et la mise en place de plusieurs programmes de relance dans les secteurs de l’agriculture, de l’élevage et de la pêche. Cet élan devrait cependant ralentir en 2009 en raison des effets de la crise financière sur les cours et la demande des principales matières premières que le pays exporte (pétrole, bois, coton, caoutchouc, etc.), et des difficultés annoncées en matière d’approvisionnement en énergie électrique suite à des conditions hydrologiques sévères. La croissance devrait se ralentir en 2009 avec un taux de 3.1 pour cent avant de repartir en 2010 (prévision de 3.4 pour cent). L’un des principaux défis du Cameroun pour 2009 reste la mobilisation de ses recettes non pétrolières, étant donné son extrême dépendance à leur égard, qui fragilise la croissance.

English

REAL ECONOMIC GROWTH ACCELERATED to 4.1 per cent in 2008, up from 3.4 per cent in 2007, thanks to good results in the oil sector, ongoing infrastructure work, increased energy supply and programmes to boost agriculture, livestock and fisheries. It is expected to slow to 3.1 per cent in 2009 due to the global recession pushing down prices and demand for the country’s main commodities exports (chiefly oil, wood, cotton and rubber) and to electricity supply problems resulting from severe drought, but should pick up again in 2010 to reach 3.4 per cent. In view of the economy’s extreme – and growth-compromising – dependence on oil, a major challenge facing the government in 2009 is to increase revenue from the nonoil sector.

French

THE ECONOMY PICKED UP IN 2007 despite the continued decline in oil production, which has been undermining growth since 2005.Growth was estimated at 3.6 per cent in 2007, as against 3.2 per cent in 2006. This trend should continue in 2008 and 2009, with 4.8 and 4.6 per cent growth projected respectively. Public investment should be the main driver, fuelled by substantial resources liberated through debt reduction. The implementation of fiscal reform in 2008 should reduce the country’s dependence on diminishing oil revenues.

The economy recorded modest growth of about 2.8 per cent of GDP in 2005 (down from 3.5 per cent in 2004) and budget austerity prevailed after the government’s financial excesses in 2004, which had again prevented the economy reaching completion point. The 2004 indiscipline highlighted the flaws in the country’s governance and showed that domestic politics could call into question the government’s economic promises. The indifferent 2005 results also showed the strengths and weaknesses of Cameroon’s growth. Despite a vigorous private sector, growth was...

French
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