Browse by: "H"

La desinformación tiene consecuencias de gran alcance en muchos ámbitos, desde la salud pública hasta la seguridad nacional de los países. Puede arrojar dudas sobre la veracidad de los hechos, poner en peligro la aplicación de políticas públicas y socavar la confianza de los ciudadanos en la integridad de las instituciones democráticas. Este informe explora cómo responder a estos retos y reforzar la democracia. Presenta una evaluación exhaustiva de las respuestas gubernamentales destinadas a respaldar espacios informativos plurales, basados en hechos y que fomenten una ciudadanía informada. Analiza las interacciones entre distintas dimensiones políticas que fortalecen la integridad del ámbito informativo, al mismo tiempo que aseguran una protección diligente de las libertades fundamentales y los derechos humanos. Igualmente, propone un triple marco de actuación en materia de políticas públicas: mejorar la transparencia, la rendición de cuentas y la pluralidad de las fuentes de información; fomentar la resiliencia social; y actualizar las medidas de gobernanza y las instituciones públicas para ayudar a fortalecer la integridad del espacio informativo.

This report brings together 45 of the education continuity stories that were jointly documented by the OECD, the World Bank, Harvard’s Global Education Innovation Initiative and HundrED during the first wave of school closures related to the COVID-19 pandemic. It covers a variety of different examples on how governments and non-governmental organisations quickly responded to school closures to implement a strategy for learners around the world to continue to study. While often based on the use of digital solutions, those solutions target specific solutions aimed at academic learning, socio-emotional support, teacher professional development, etc. The book covers examples from low, middle and high income countries on all continents and draws some lessons of these fast-paced responses to reimagine a post-pandemic education across the world.

Many Latin American countries have experienced improvements in income over recent decades, with several of them now classified as high-income or upper middle-income in terms of conventional metrics. But has this change been mirrored in improvements across the different areas of people’s lives? How’s Life in Latin America? Measuring Well-being for Policy Making addresses this question by presenting comparative evidence for Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) with a focus on 11 LAC countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay). Spanning material conditions, quality of life, resources for future well-being, and inequalities, the report presents available evidence on well-being both before and since the onset of the pandemic, based on the OECD Well-being Framework. It also identifies priorities for addressing well-being gaps and describes how well-being frameworks are used in policy within Latin America and elsewhere around the world, providing lessons for governments on what is needed to put people’s well-being at the centre of their action. The report is part of the EU Regional Facility for Development in Transition for Latin America and the Caribbean.

Hướng dẫn của OECD về Thẩm định đối với các Chuỗi cung ứng có trách nhiệm trong lĩnh vực May Mặc và Giày Dép (gọi tắt là “Hướng dẫn”) được xây dựng nhằm hỗ trợ các doanh nghiệp thực hiện các khuyến nghị thẩm định nêu trong Bộ Hướng dẫn của OECD cho các Doanh nghiệp đa quốc gia hoạt động trong chuỗi cung ứng may mặc và giày dép, qua đó ngăn ngừa và xử lý các tác động tiêu cực mà hoạt động của họ và các chuỗi cung ứng gây ra. Nhằm hỗ trợ thực hiện Bộ Hướng dẫn của OECD, Hướng dẫn này đặt mục tiêu đảm bảo các doanh nghiệp trong ngành may mặc và giày dép hoạt động hài hòa với các chính sách của nhà nước, qua đó tăng cường cơ sở tin cậy lẫn nhau giữa doanh nghiệp và mỗi trường xã hội mà doanh nghiệp hoạt động. Hướng dẫn này cũng mong muốn tạo điều kiện thuận lợi để các doanh nghiệp thực thi những khuyến nghị về thẩm định nêu trong Các Nguyên tắc Hướng dẫn của Liên Hiệp quốc về Kinh doanh và Quyền con người. Quy định trong Hướng dẫn phù hợp với Tuyên bố của Tổ chức Lao động Quốc tế (ILO) về các Quyền và Nguyên tắc Cơ bản tại nơi làm việc, các Công ước và Khuyến nghị có liên quan của ILO, và Tuyên bố ba bên của của ILO về các nguyên tắc liên quan đến các doanh nghiệp đa quốc gia và chính sách xã hội. Cùng với các hợp phần về thẩm định cho các lĩnh vực rủi ro đặc thù, tài liệu này sẽ cung cấp cho doanh nghiệp một bộ Hướng dẫn hoàn chỉnh để hoạt động và tìm nguồn cung ứng một cách trách nhiệm trong lĩnh vực may mặc và giày dép.

How’s Life? charts whether life is getting better for people in 37 OECD countries and 4 partner countries. This fifth edition presents the latest evidence from an updated set of over 80 indicators, covering current well-being outcomes, inequalities, and resources for future well-being. Since 2010, people’s well-being has improved in many respects, but progress has been slow or deteriorated in others, including how people connect with each other and their government. Large gaps by gender, age and education persist across most well-being outcomes. Generally, OECD countries that do better on average also feature greater equality between population groups and fewer people living in deprivation. Many OECD countries with poorer well-being in 2010 have since experienced the greatest gains. However, advances in current well-being have not always been matched by improvements in the resources that sustain well-being over time, with warning signs emerging across natural, human, economic and social capital. Beyond an overall analysis of well-being trends since 2010, this report explores in detail the 15 dimensions of the OECD Better Life Initiative, including health, subjective well-being, social connections, natural capital, and more, and looks at each country’s performance in dedicated country profiles.

This report explores how data and digital technology can help achieve policy objectives and drive positive transformation in the health sector while managing new risks such as privacy, equity and implementation costs. It examines the following topics: improving service delivery models; empowering people to take an active role in their health and their care; improving public health; managing biomedical technologies; enabling better collaboration across borders; and improving health system governance and stewardship. It also examines how health workforces should be equipped to make the most of digital technology. The report contains findings from surveys of OECD countries and shares a range of examples that illustrate the potential benefits as well as challenges of the digital transformation in the health sector. Findings and recommendations are relevant for policymakers, health care providers, payers, industry as well as patients, citizens and civil society.

Česká republika dosáhla pokroku při oddělování hospodářského růstu od čerpání pitné vody, spotřeby energie, emisí skleníkových plynů a dalších znečišťujících látek v ovzduší. Její silná průmyslová základna a spoléhání se na uhlí však řadí Českou republiku mezi energeticky a uhlíkově nejnáročnější země OECD a znečištění ovzduší představuje vážné zdravotní riziko. Pokrok směrem k udržitelnému rozvoji bude vyžadovat posílení politického závazku k nízkouhlíkovému hospodářství a provádění nákladově efektivnějších environmentálních politik.
Toto je třetí Hodnocení politik životního prostředí České republiky. Vyhodnocuje pokrok směrem k udržitelnému rozvoji a zelenému růstu se zaměřením na oblast nakládání s odpady a materiály a oběhové hospodářství a na udržitelný rozvoj měst.

This publication examines the risks associated with the release of excessive nitrogen into the environment (climate change, depletion of the ozone layer, air pollution, water pollution, loss of biodiversity, deterioration of soil quality). The report also examines the uncertainty associated with the ability of nitrogen to move from one ecosystem to another and cause "cascading effects". In addition to better management of nitrogen risks at the local level, there is a need to consider the global risks associated with the continued increase in nitrous oxide concentrations and to prevent excess nitrogen in all its forms by developing cost-effective strategies for all its sources. Other than the reduction of nitrogen pollution, this report provides guidance on the use of nitrogen policy instruments and how to ensure coherence with objectives such as food security, energy security and environmental objectives.

This report analyses Hungary’s Public Administration and Public Service Development Strategy 2014-2020, focusing on human resources management, digital government, and budgeting practices. It also provides practical recommendations for improving efficiency.

El Gobierno de México, bajo el liderazgo del Presidente Enrique Peña Nieto, diseñó el paquete de reformas más ambicioso que la OCDE ha presenciado en años recientes. Después forjó el consenso político necesario para refrendarlo mediante el inusitado Pacto por México; promovió la aprobación de estas y otras reformas en el Congreso; y comenzó a ponerlas en marcha. A través de esta batería de reformas se abordaron problemas en áreas de política pública que habían esperado cambios profundos durante décadas; en el mercado laboral, la educación, el trabajo, los impuestos, las telecomunicaciones, el sector energético y el sistema judicial, entre otras. México todavía afronta retos importantes, por lo que es decisivo para México continuar con su agenda de reformas. Además, se requiere fortalecer algunas de las reformas recientes, mantenerlas actualizadas y promoverlas para garantizar su aplicación eficaz. La OCDE está lista para seguir acompañando a México en este camino.

This review focuses on the objectives and direction of the State Territorial Administration Reform (STAR) that the Government of Hungary launched in 2010. It provides an evidence-based evaluation of the current state of the reform and identifies steps that can be taken to improve territorial-administration governance and improve service delivery. The review presents practical recommendations to strengthen the structures, processes and resources of the territorial state administration, including opportunities for co-ordination and collaboration between the central, territorial and local self-government administration.

All countries are investing in health data. There are however significant cross-country differences in data availability and use. Some countries stand out for their innovative practices enabling privacy-protective data use while others are falling behind with insufficient data and restrictions that limit access to and use of data, even by government itself. Countries that develop a data governance framework that enables privacy-protective data use will not only have the information needed to promote quality, efficiency and performance in their health systems, they will become a more attractive centre for medical research. After examining the current situation in OECD countries, a multi-disciplinary advisory panel of experts identified eight key data governance mechanisms to maximise benefits to patients and to societies from the collection, linkage and analysis of health data and to, at the same time, minimise risks to the privacy of patients and to the security of health data. These mechanisms include coordinated development of high-value, privacy-protective health information systems, legislation that permits privacy-protective data use, open and transparent public communication, accreditation or certification of health data processors, transparent and fair project approval processes, data de-identification and data security practices that meet legal requirements and public expectations without compromising data utility and a process to continually assess and renew the data governance framework as new data and new risks emerge.

This report presents the findings and recommendations from analysis conducted by the OECD as part of the OECD-Hungary Strategic Partnership for Public Administration Reform. Through this initiative, the OECD has supported the government of Hungary in putting in place some of the key building blocks of a “strategic state”. The report’s recommendations can be expected to contribute to strengthening the efficiency, effectiveness, transparency and integrity of the public administration and contribute to supporting sustainable and inclusive growth and development in Hungary.

Das Handbuch liefert praktische Hinweise, die den zuständigen Bediensteten der Steuerverwaltung dabei helfen sollen, auffällige Zahlungen zu identifizieren, bei denen es sich wahrscheinlich um Bestechungsgelder an ausländische Amtsträger handelt, damit die Versagung der steuerlichen Abzugsfähigkeit durchgesetzt werden kann, sowie Schmiergeldzahlungen aufgedeckt und den für die Strafverfolgung zuständigen Stellen des jeweiligen Landes gemeldet werden können.

El informe proporciona un diagnóstico y recomendaciones de políticas en apoyo a la reforma de la gestión del agua en México. Analiza los desafíos de implementación e identifica buenas prácticas en cuatro áreas clave, consideradas motores esenciales del cambio : gobernabilidad multinivel; gobernabilidad de cuencas; eficiencia económica y sustentabilidad financiera; y marco regulatorio de los servicios de agua y saneamiento. Esta publicación es el resultado de un diálogo de políticas públicas de un año entre la OCDE y México siguiendo la adopción del Agenda del Agua 2030 como visión estratégica de largo plazo para el sector.

Todos los gobiernos de la OCDE desean brindar a los padres y las madres más opciones respecto a sus decisiones laborales y familiares. Esta obra explora las diferentes maneras en que los gobiernos apoyan a las familias. Busca responder a interrogantes como: ¿está aumentando el gasto en beneficios para las familias, y cómo cambia según la edad de los niños? ¿La crisis afectó el apoyo público a las familias? ¿Cuál es la mejor manera de asesorar a los adultos para que tengan el número de hijos que desean? ¿Cuáles son los efectos de los programas de licencia por paternidad/maternidad en la oferta de mano de obra de mujeres y en el bienestar de los niños? ¿Son los costos de cuidado infantil un obstáculo para que los padres o las madres trabajen, y pueden ayudar opciones flexibles de los lugares de trabajo? ¿Cuál es el mejor periodo para que las madres regresen a laborar tras haber dado a luz? ¿Cuáles son las mejores políticas para reducir la pobreza entre los padres o las madres solteros?