Browse by: "2011"

Les Principes directeurs sont des recommandations à l’intention des entreprises multinationales sur la conduite de leurs activités et de celles de  leurs partenaires dans des domaines comme les droits de l'homme, le travail,  l’environnement, la protection des consommateurs,  la lutte contre la corruption et la fiscalité. Ces recommandations émanent des gouvernements qui ont souscrit aux Principes directeurs et se sont ainsi engagés à les faire respecter, même si elles n’ont pas un caractère contraignant. Ce rapport annuel dresse un état des mesures prises entre juin 2009 et juin 2010 par les 42 gouvernements adhérents pour renforcer la contribution des Principes directeurs à un meilleur fonctionnement de l’économie mondiale.

En dix ans, les Principes directeurs ont consolidé leur statut qui en fait l’un des principaux instruments au monde en matière de responsabilité des entreprises.

Cette édition porte sur les trois questions principales de réflexion pour la mise à jour :    les chaînes d’approvisionnement, les droits de l’homme, et  le changement climatique.

This Review of Corporate Governance in Estonia describes the corporate governance setting including the structure and ownership concentration of listed companies and the structure and operation of the state-owned sector. The Review then examines the legal and regulatory framework and company practices to assess the degree to which the recommendations of the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance and the OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises have been implemented.

This 2011 edition of the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises commits 42 countries to new, tougher standards of corporate behaviour. The updated Guidelines include new recommendations on human rights abuse and company responsibility for their supply chains, making them the first inter-governmental agreement in this area.

The Guidelines establish that firms should respect human rights in every country in which they operate. Companies should also respect environmental and labour standards, for example, and have appropriate due diligence processes in place to ensure this happens. These include issues such as paying decent wages, combating bribe solicitation and extortion, and the promotion of sustainable consumption.

The Guidelines are a comprehensive, non-binding code of conduct that OECD member countries and others have agreed to promote among the business sector. A new, tougher process for complaints and mediation has also been put in place.

Cette édition 2011 de Les Principes directeurs à l’intention des entreprises multinationales engage 42 pays en faveur de nouvelles normes, plus strictes, de comportement des entreprises.  Les Principes directeurs intègrent de nouvelles recommandations concernant la violation des droits de l’homme et la responsabilité des entreprises tout au long de la chaîne d’approvisionnement, ce qui en fait le premier accord intergouvernemental dans ce domaine.

Les principes directeurs imposent aux entreprises de respecter les droits de l’homme dans tous les pays avec lesquels elles travaillent. Les entreprises doivent aussi respecter les normes environnementales et les normes de travail, et disposer des processus de contrôle appropriés pour s’en assurer. Un salaire décent, la lutte contre la sollicitation et l’extorsion de pots-de-vin, et la promotion d’une consommation durable, font notamment partie de ces normes.

Les Principes directeurs à l’intention des entreprises multinationales constituent un code de conduite détaillé, non contraignant, que les pays membres de l’OCDE et d’autres ont convenu de promouvoir auprès des grandes entreprises. Le processus de traitement des plaintes et de médiation est également renforcé.

This report looks at the institutional framework of corporate governance in China through the prism of the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance and is a product of the ongoing OECD-China Policy Dialogue on Corporate Governance. By assessing a broad range of laws, regulations and codes, it provides a valuable reference for understanding how much has been achieved in Chinese corporate governance and the main ambitions of future reform efforts.

The report shows that corporate governance has improved significantly since the Chinese stock market was created in 1990, with important achievements in establishing and developing the legal and regulatory framework. The OECD-China Self-Assessment represents a thorough review of all laws, regulations and codes that relate to every principle recommended by the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance. It documents the advances in the Chinese Corporate Governance framework. Building on this report, bilateral co-operation between China and the OECD will continue to enhance the understanding of China’s corporate governance system and how it impacts on company and investor behaviour.

Mit dieser Ausgabe 2011 der OECD-Leitsätze für multinationale Unternehmen verpflichten sich 42 Länder zu neuen, strengeren Maßstäben für unternehmerisches Handeln. Die aktualisierte Fassung der Leitsätze enthält neue Empfehlungen zur Vermeidung von Menschenrechtsverletzungen und zur Verantwortung der Unternehmen für ihre Zulieferketten, womit sie die erste zwischenstaatliche Vereinbarung in diesem Bereich sind.

Die Leitsätze legen fest, dass die Unternehmen die Menschenrechte in jedem Land achten sollten, in dem sie ihre Geschäftstätigkeit ausüben. Die Unternehmen sollten z.B. auch Umwelt- und Arbeitsstandards respektieren und über angemessene Due-Diligence-Vorkehrungen verfügen, um dies zu gewährleisten. Dies betrifft u.a. Fragen wie die Zahlung angemessener Löhne, die Bekämpfung von Bestechungsgeldforderungen und Schmiergelderpressung sowie die Förderung eines nachhaltigen Konsums.

Die Leitsätze sind ein umfassender, nicht rechtsverbindlicher Verhaltenskodex für Unternehmen, dessen Förderung die OECD-Mitgliedsländer und andere Länder vereinbart haben. Ein neues, strengeres Beschwerde- und Vermittlungsverfahren wurde ebenfalls eingerichtet.

In 2005, OECD published a stocktaking of the corporate governance framework in the Organisation’s member countries. This publication was the basis on which the OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises (the “SOE Guidelines”) was developed. It has been widely quoted in academic literature, in official documents and by practitioners. However, the SOE landscape in OECD countries has changed significantly since 2005 and four new countries have become members of the Organisation. This publication provides an update of changes since 2005, organised according to the main sections of the SOE Guidelines: the legal and regulatory framework for SOEs, the state acting as an owner, equitable treatment of shareholders, relations with stakeholders, transparency and disclosure, and the responsibilities of the boards of SOEs.

This report analyses the partnerships that governments form with citizens, users and CSOs in order to innovate and deliver improved public service outcomes. These approaches can offer creative policy responses that enable governments to provide better public services in times of fiscal constraints.  Although co production and citizens’ involvement are still in the developmental stage in many countries, early efforts appear to lead to cost reductions, better service quality and improved user satisfaction. This report identifies the risks of citizen and user involvement in service delivery, and the barriers that must be overcome to make these models work. Top-level political commitment, adequate public sector capacity, and aligned financial incentives are the key factors for success. 

“Co-production is attracting increasing interest among scholars and practitioners alike. This report, which offers a comprehensive survey of existing practice across OECD countries, is a valuable contribution to our understanding of the state of play internationally.”

-Professor John Alford, Australia and New Zealand School of Government, (author, Engaging Public Sector Clients: From Service-Delivery to Co-Production, Palgrave Macmillan, 2009)

Over the last two decades, the countries of Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia (EECCA) have undergone significant political and economic reforms. As part of this reform agenda, they have started modernising their public administrations and expenditure management practices, bringing them closer to international standards. However, the recent global financial and economic crisis revealed a multitude of remaining structural weaknesses in the public financial systems of these countries that badly affected their economic performance. While this crisis is a real challenge, it also provides an opportunity for the EECCA governments to speed up the implementation of public finance reforms (PFRs) in order to provide a healthier basis for further development.

This report aims to help EECCA environmental administrations to harness the potential benefits of on-going PFRs; particularly the shift to multi-year budgeting, stability of funding, and, ultimately, a more effective use of public money. More specifically, the extent to which the environmental sector is integrated into medium-term budgetary processes is analysed. On this basis, the opportunities for, and limits to, achieving financial sustainability of public environmental programmes are identified. The analysis is based on a regional survey of 10 EECCA countries that involved both ministries of environment and finance.    

Recent global shocks, such as the 2008 financial crisis, have driven policy makers and industry strategists to re-examine how to prepare for and respond to events that can begin locally and propagate around the world with devastating effects on society and the economy. This report considers how the growing interconnectedness in the global economy could create the conditions and vectors for rapid and widespread disruptions. It looks at examples of hazards and threats that emerge from the financial world, cyberspace, biological systems and even the solar system, to reflect on what strategic capacities are called for to improve assessment, mapping, modelling, response  and resilience to such large scale risks.  

 

These OECD country reviews examine governance and public management issues from a comprehensive perspective, helping countries to identify how reforms can better reinforce each other in support of overall government objectives.  They also examine reform strategies that have worked in other countries and provide advice as to which reforms can be appropriately adapted to a given country.    

Since the restoration of independence in 1991, Estonia has met the challenge of establishing a fully functional, stable, and modern state.  This review looks at how, building on its significant accomplishments to date, the Estonian public administration can work together as a single government to improve and sustain service delivery to citizens and to meet new challenges on the horizon. 

This publication examines how effectively boards manage to align executive and board remuneration with the longer-term interests of their companies. This is a major and ongoing issue in many companies and one of the key failures highlighted by the financial crisis. Aligning incentives seems to be far more problematic in companies and jurisdictions with a dispersed shareholding structure since, where dominant or controlling shareholders exist, they seem to act as a moderating force on remuneration outcomes.  
The reader will learn about the effectiveness of boards in fulfilling their obligation to align executive and board remuneration with the longer term interests of their companies. 

Le commerce et l’investissement dans les ressources minérales naturelles offrent de grandes possibilités de générer des revenus, de la croissance et de la prospérité, de fournir des moyens d’existence et de favoriser le développement local. Toutefois une grande partie de ces ressources sont situées dans des zones de conflit ou à haut risque. Dans ces zones, l’exploitation des ressources minérales naturelles est importante et peut alimenter, directement ou indirectement, les conflits armés, les violations flagrantes des droits humains, et entraver le développement économique et social. Le Guide OCDE sur le devoir de diligence pour des chaînes d’approvisionnement responsables en minerais provenant de zones de conflits ou à haut risque fournit des orientations pratiques soutenues par les pouvoirs publics adressées aux entreprises pour des chaînes globales d’approvisionnement en minerais responsables afin que les entreprises respectent les droits humains et évitent de contribuer aux conflits à travers leurs décisions ou pratiques d’approvisionnement. Le Guide sur le devoir de diligence peut être utilisé par toute entreprise susceptible d’exploiter des minerais dans des zones de conflit ou à haut risque. Il s’agit de favoriser des chaînes d’approvisionnement en minerais transparentes ainsi qu'un engagement durable des entreprises dans le secteur des minerais.