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The Guidance is intended to offer host governments the tools they need to assemble and manage a multidisciplinary team, and engage effectively in extractive contract negotiations. The Guidance aims to help governments to put in place recommended processes and identify the skills that governments may need to prepare for and conduct effective contract negotiations. This Guidance further suggests ways to ensure coordination within government and better integration between government officials and expert advisers. Annexed to this Guidance is a Terms of Reference Template that governments may use to recruit and to monitor external advisers engaged during extractive contract negotiations. The Template can also be utilised by support providers who recruit external advisers on behalf of governments for the same purpose. While recognising that human and institutional capacity building is a long-term endeavour, the Guidance suggests, wherever possible, practical ways to capture and retain the necessary soft and technical skills for successful negotiations.
Demographic pressure and the youth bulge in the developing world pose a major employment challenge. This situation is exacerbated by insufficient job creation, scarce formal wage employment opportunities and vulnerability in the workplace. For these reasons, fostering youth entrepreneurship has gained importance in the global and national development policy agenda. This report aims to contribute to the ongoing debate on the role of youth entrepreneurship in generating employment in developing countries. It is based on the analysis of mixed labour force and enterprise surveys conducted in Côte d’Ivoire, Madagascar, Peru and Viet Nam, as well as evidence on the impact of entrepreneurship programmes. This report’s findings add to the global debate on youth entrepreneurship in three important ways. First, it constitutes an unprecedented effort to capture the real situations and multiple faces of young entrepreneurs in selected developing countries. Second, it provides new empirical evidence on the determinants of youth entrepreneurial performance. Third, it proposes a policy roadmap based on lessons learned from recent meta-analyses of the effectiveness of entrepreneurship programmes.
Interactions entre politiques publiques, migrations et développement est le fruit d'un projet mené conjointement par l'Union européenne et le Centre de développement de l'OCDE dans dix pays partenaires : l’Arménie, le Burkina Faso, le Cambodge, le Costa Rica, la Côte d'Ivoire, la Géorgie, Haïti, le Maroc, les Philippines et la République dominicaine. Ce projet avait pour objectif de fournir aux décideurs des données probantes sur l’impact des migrations sur des secteurs spécifiques – marché du travail, agriculture, éducation, investissement et services financiers, et protection sociale et santé – et, à l’inverse, de montrer quel est l’impact des politiques sectorielles sur les migrations. Le rapport aborde quatre dimensions du cycle migratoire : l'émigration, les transferts de fonds, le retour et l'immigration.
Les résultats des travaux empiriques confirment que les migrations contribuent au développement des pays d'origine et de destination. Cependant, le potentiel des migrations n'a pas encore été pleinement exploité par les dix pays partenaires. Les décideurs ne prennent par exemple pas suffisamment en compte les migrations dans leurs domaines d'action respectifs. Afin de renforcer la contribution des migrations au développement, les pays d'origine et d'accueil ont donc besoin d'adopter un programme d'action plus cohérent pour intégrer les migrations dans les stratégies de développement, améliorer les mécanismes de coordination et renforcer la coopération internationale.
Interacciones entre Políticas Públicas, Migración y Desarrollo es el resultado de un proyecto llevado a cabo de manera conjunta por la Comisión Europea y el Centro de Desarrollo de la OCDE en diez países socios: Armenia, Burkina Faso, Camboya, Costa de Marfil, Costa Rica, Filipinas, Georgia , Haití, Marruecos y República Dominicana.
El proyecto tenía como objetivo proporcionar a los responsables de la formulación de políticas evidencia sobre la forma en que la migración influye en determinados sectores – el mercado laboral, la agricultura, la educación, la inversión y servicios financieros, la protección social y salud – y, a su vez, cómo las políticas sectoriales afectan la migración. El informe aborda cuatro dimensiones del ciclo migratorio: emigración, remesas, migración de retorno e inmigración.
Los resultados del trabajo empírico confirman que la migración contribuye al desarrollo de los países de origen y acogida. Sin embargo, los diez países socios no aprovechan plenamente todo el potencial de la migración. Una explicación de ello es que los diseñadores de políticas no toman suficientemente en cuenta la migración en sus respectivas áreas. Por consiguiente, para mejorar la contribución de la migración al desarrollo, los países de origen y de acogida deben adoptar una agenda política más coherente, que integre en mayor medida la migración en las estrategias de desarrollo, mejorar los mecanismos de coordinación y fortalecer la cooperación internacional.
This Review focuses on improving access to quality and timely services for citizens as a means to facilitate inclusive growth in the Dominican Republic. Despite its macroeconomic performance in the last decade, poverty and levels of inequalities remain high in the Dominican Republic. At the same time, citizens report limited satisfaction with the quality and access to services in the country, often reflected in less than optimal outcomes in areas such as health, transport or education. The review's focus on service delivery offers the opportunity to apply the concepts and tools of public governance at an operational level and with immediate implications for the government-citizen relationship. The inclusion of multidisciplinary good practices, collected through OECD work on public sector management, digital government, innovation or administrative simplification, allows a comprehensive but integrated assessment of the use of public policy levers for optimizing service design and delivery. By covering aspects relating both to the competence of government – in terms of the quality, timeliness and effectiveness of public services – and to the principles governing the provision of services – including engagement, accountability or inclusiveness, this review identifies policy recommendations to improve access, coverage and quality of public services, regardless of income levels, location and other social and economic factors – as a key lever to achieve more inclusive growth.
Este informe se enfoca en mejorar el acceso a servicios oportunos y de calidad para los ciudadanos como un medio para facilitar el crecimiento inclusivo en la República Dominicana. A pesar de su buen desempeño macroeconómico en la última década, la pobreza y los niveles de desigualdad en el país siguen siendo altos. Al mismo tiempo, los ciudadanos manifiestan una satisfacción limitada con la calidad y el acceso a los servicios en el país, que a menudo se refleja en resultados menos que óptimos en áreas como la salud, el transporte o la educación. El enfoque del informe en la prestación de servicios ofrece la oportunidad de aplicar los conceptos y herramientas de la gobernanza pública a nivel operacional y con implicaciones inmediatas para la relación gobierno-ciudadano. La inclusión de buenas prácticas multidisciplinarias, recogidas a través de los trabajos de la OCDE sobre gestión del sector público, gobierno digital, innovación o simplificación administrativa, permite una evaluación completa e integrada del uso de las herramientas de políticas públicas para optimizar el diseño y la prestación de servicios. Esta revisión, que abarca aspectos relativos tanto a la competencia del gobierno -en términos de calidad, oportunidad y eficacia de los servicios públicos- como a los principios que rigen la prestación de servicios -incluyendo la participación, la rendición de cuentas o la inclusión- identifica recomendaciones de política pública para mejorar el acceso, la cobertura y la calidad de los servicios públicos, independientemente de los niveles de ingresos, ubicación y otros factores sociales y económicos, como una herramienta clave para lograr un crecimiento más inclusivo.
Interrelations between Public Policies, Migration and Development in the Philippines is the result of a project carried out by the Scalabrini Migration Center (SMC) and the OECD Development Centre, in collaboration with the Commission on Filipinos Overseas (CFO) and with support from the European Union. The project aimed to provide policy makers with evidence on the way migration influences specific sectors – the labour market, agriculture, education and investment and financial services – and, in turn, how sectoral policies affect migration. The report addresses three dimensions of the migration cycle that have become an important part of the country's social and economic contexts: emigration, remittances and return.
The results of the empirical work confirm that even though migration contributes to the development of the Philippines, the potential of migration is not fully exploited. One explanation is that, despite its advancement in understanding the link between migration and development which is reflected in the Philippine Development Plan, not all policy makers in the Philippines take migration sufficiently into account in their respective policy areas. The Philippines therefore needs to adopt a more coherent policy agenda and better integrate migration into their sectoral strategies to enhance the contribution of migration to development in the country.
With the adoption of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, all nations committed to a set of universal, integrated and transformational goals and targets, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Translating the new vision of the SDGs into action is a major challenge. This year, Ministers will gather at the High-Level Political Forum of the United Nations to take stock of progress, with a particular focus on eradicating poverty and enhancing prosperity in a changing world.
Against this backdrop, Policy Coherence for Sustainable Development 2017 seeks to inform policy making by showing how a policy coherence lens can support implementation efforts, drawing on OECD evidence and analysis. It identifies challenges and good institutional practices for enhancing policy coherence in SDG implementation, drawing on the experience of the early implementers of the SDGs.
The report introduces eight building blocks for policy coherence for sustainable development as well as a conceptual “coherence monitor” to track progress on policy coherence. It also includes an analysis of the nine OECD countries’ voluntary national reviews which were presented at the 2016 High-Level Political Forum of the United Nations (Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Mexico, Norway, Korea, Switzerland and Turkey).
Interactions entre politiques publiques, migrations et développement au Burkina Faso est le fruit d'un projet mené conjointement par l'Union européenne et le Centre de développement de l'OCDE, en collaboration avec le Conseil supérieur des Burkinabè de l'étranger (CSBE) et l'Institut supérieur des sciences de la population (ISSP). Ce projet avait pour objectif de fournir aux décideurs des données probantes sur l’impact des migrations sur des secteurs spécifiques – marché du travail, agriculture, éducation et investissement et services financiers – et, à l’inverse, de montrer quel est l’impact des politiques sectorielles sur les migrations. Le rapport aborde quatre dimensions du cycle migratoire : l'émigration, les transferts de fonds, le retour et l'immigration.
Les résultats des travaux empiriques confirment que les migrations contribuent au développement du Burkina Faso. Cependant, le potentiel des migrations n’est pas pleinement exploité dans le pays. En effet, malgré les avancées obtenues grâce à la stratégie nationale de migration adoptée en 2017, les décideurs ne prennent pas suffisamment en compte les migrations dans leurs domaines d’action respectifs. Le Burkina Faso doit donc adopter un programme d’action plus cohérent pour intégrer les migrations dans les stratégies de développement, améliorer les mécanismes de coordination et renforcer la coopération internationale. Cela permettra d’accroître la contribution des migrations au développement du pays.
This report provides an assessment of how governments can generate inclusive economic growth in the short term, while making progress towards climate goals to secure sustainable long-term growth. It describes the development pathways required to meet the Paris Agreement objectives and underlines the value of well-aligned policy packages in mobilising investment and social support for the transition while enhancing growth. The report also sets out the structural, financial and political changes needed to enable the transition.
Les Perspectives économiques en Afrique 2017 dressent l’état actuel du continent et livrent des prévisions économiques à deux ans. Ce rapport annuel examine la performance de l’Afrique dans des domaines essentiels : macroéconomie, flux financiers extérieurs et recettes fiscales, commerce et intégration régionale, développement humain et gouvernance. Pour cette 16e édition, les Perspectives économiques en Afrique passent au crible la question du rôle des entrepreneurs dans l’industrialisation du continent. Le rapport propose des solutions pratiques que les gouvernements africains peuvent adopter pour mettre en place des stratégies d’industrialisation efficaces. Des politiques favorisant les compétences, les regroupements d’entreprises (clusters) et le financement lèveraient des contraintes majeures rencontrées actuellement par les entreprises privées africaines.
Des notes pays offrent une synthèse des tendances récentes de l'économie, des prévisions de croissance du produit intérieur brut pour 2017 et 2018, et des principaux enjeux dans chacun des 54 pays africains. Une annexe statistique (disponible en ligne uniquement) permet de comparer les variables économiques, sociales et politiques propres à chaque pays.
The African Economic Outlook 2017 presents the continent’s current state of affairs and forecasts its situation for the coming two years. This annual report examines Africa’s performance in crucial areas: macroeconomics, external financial flows and tax revenues, trade policies and regional integration, human development, and governance. For its 16th edition, the report takes a hard look at the role of entrepreneurs in Africa’s industrialisation process. It proposes practical steps that African governments can take to carry out effective industrialisation strategies. Policies aimed at improving skills, business clusters and financing could remove important constraints on African private enterprises.
A section of country notes summarises recent economic growth, forecasts gross domestic product for 2017 and 2018, and highlights the main policy issues facing each of the 54 African countries. A statistical annex (available only on line) compares country-specific economic, social and political variables.
Interrelations between Public Policies, Migration and Development in Armenia is the result of a project carried out by the Caucasus Research Resource Center (CRRC-Armenia) and the OECD Development Centre, in collaboration with the State Migration Service (SMS) and with support from the European Union. The project aimed to provide policy makers with evidence on the way migration influences specific sectors – the labour market, agriculture, education and investment and financial services – and, in turn, how sectoral policies affect migration. The report addresses three dimensions of the migration cycle that have become an important part of the country's social and economic contexts: emigration, remittances and return. The results of the empirical work confirm that even though migration contributes to the development of Armenia, the potential of migration is not fully exploited. One explanation is that many policy makers in Armenia do not sufficiently take migration into account in their respective policy areas. Armenia therefore needs to adopt a more coherent policy agenda to do more to integrate migration into development strategies, improve co-ordination mechanisms and strengthen international co-operation. This would enhance the contribution of migration to development in the country.
Interrelations between Public Policies, Migration and Development in Cambodia is the result of a project carried out by the Cambodia Development Resource Institute (CDRI) and the OECD Development Centre, in collaboration with the Ministry of Interior and with support from the European Union. The project aimed to provide policy makers with evidence on the way migration influences specific sectors – the labour market, agriculture, education and investment and financial services – and, in turn, how sectoral policies affect migration. The report addresses three dimensions of the migration cycle that have become an important part of the country's social and economic contexts: emigration, remittances and return.
The results of the empirical work confirm that even though migration contributes to the development of Cambodia, the potential of migration is not fully exploited. One explanation is that migration only appears to a very limited extent in the National Strategic Development Plan. Many policy makers in Cambodia do not sufficiently take migration into account in their respective policy areas. Cambodia therefore needs to adopt a more coherent policy agenda to do more to integrate migration into its National Strategic Development Plan, improve co-ordination mechanisms and strengthen international co-operation. This would enhance the contribution of migration to development in the country.
This strategic foresight report assesses the interaction between demographics, economic development, climate change and social protection in six countries in East Africa between now and 2065: Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia. The report combines population projections with trends in health, urbanisation, migration and climate change and identifies the implications for economic development and poverty. It concludes by identifying policies to address seven grand challenges for social protection planners in national governments and donor agencies which emerge from the projections. These include: eliminating extreme poverty; extending social insurance in a context of high informality; the rapid growth of the working-age population, in particular the youth; adapting social protection to urban settings; protecting the poor from the effects of climate change; harnessing a demographic dividend; and substantially increasing funding for social protection.
Costa Rica’s successful economic performance and social achievements realised over the last three decades are widely acknowledged. GDP per capita has steadily increased at higher rates than in most Latin American countries as the economy has evolved along its development path from a rural and agriculture-based to a more diversified economy integrated in global value chains. But Costa Rica faces challenges and must enhance and broaden the basis for productivity growth by strengthening its innovation system and enhancing the role of science, technology and innovation in addressing its national development goals.
This joint OECD and World Bank Group report, presented to G20 Trade Ministers in October 2015, focuses on the challenge of making GVCs more “inclusive” by overcoming participation constraints for SMEs and facilitating access for LIDCs. Results suggest that SME participation in GVCs is mostly taking place through indirect contribution to exports (rather than through direct exports), and that a holistic approach to trade, investment and national and multilateral policy action is needed to create more inclusive GVCs.
The report highlights the importance of ensuring access to ICT networks – in particular broadband – and stimulating innovation – in particular by enhancing the ability of SMEs to manage and protect their intellectual assets. At the same, the report underscores the importance of helping small firms scale up quickly, and to better integrate in GVCs by lowering barriers to the entry, growth and exit of firms. Countries should also avoid favouring incumbents over new firms.
This report analyses Philippine agricultural policy. Agriculture provides 30% of total employment in the Philippines and represents 11% of its Gross Domestic Product. The Philippines has had notable recent overall economic success, yet improving agricultural performance remains challenging. Productivity growth lags behind other Southeast Asian countries, and a number of policy distortions hinder progress. With agricultural land resources also under pressure from frequent natural disasters, rising population and urbanisation, the report offers a series of recommendations to improve the sector’s performance and its ability to adapt to climate change.
Après des décennies de progrès économique et social modestes, le Sénégal renoue avec une dynamique de croissance depuis 2012. La volonté des autorités sénégalaises d'amener le pays à l'émergence à l'horizon 2035 se traduit par de nombreuses avancées, sur le plan des infrastructures par exemple ou en matière de production agricole. Toutefois, d’importants défis demeurent, notamment en matière de réduction de la pauvreté, de création d'emplois ou d'accès à des services sociaux de qualité.
L'Examen multidimensionnel du Sénégal vise à soutenir l'élaboration du second volet de la stratégie de développement décennale, le Plan Sénégal émergent 2014-23. Ce premier volume passe en revue les performances du Sénégal et identifie les principales contraintes au développement. Il se base sur un diagnostic des évolutions macroéconomiques, des performances en matière de bien-être des citoyens, du degré de compétitivité du secteur privé, et du fonctionnement du système institutionnel. Ce volume identifie trois contraintes majeures au développement : les faiblesses du système éducatif ; les dysfonctionnements du régime et de l’administration fiscaux dans la mobilisation des ressources ; et la faible efficacité de l'État sénégalais.
Le deuxième volume proposera des recommandations pour lever les contraintes majeures identifiées et le troisième analysera les modalités de leur mise en oeuvre.
Emerging and developing countries have grown faster than advanced countries since the 2000s. This shifting weight of global economic activity from 'the West' to 'East and South' is referred to as 'shifting wealth'. But in recent years, a number of factors, such as lower commodity prices, seem to have brought this movement to a pause. Is the period of rapid growth in the emerging world over? This anthology takes stock of the situation and goes beyond the 'shifting wealth' narrative. It offers a forward-looking perspective on global risks and development opportunities over the next 15 years. It collects the perspectives of thought leaders from developing and emerging economies, offering their views and solutions on the most pressing global development challenges.
The first chapter provides the OECD Development Centre's analysis of major development trends. These trends include: slowing growth in China, the end of the commodity super cycle, increasing difficulty accessing global financial markets, demographic transitions, faltering job creation, rapid urbanisation, the negative effects of climate change and conflict and security. These challenges also provide development opportunities. Twelve thought leaders and development practitioners from the global South explore these opportunities in four thematic chapters. They deal with issues such as: structural transformation in a new macro environment; inclusive societies; energy and the environment; and new forms of development co-operation.
The anthology provides a starting point for dialogue and exchange on these risks and challenges as well as potential solutions to them.