Thailand

Les pêcheries (pêche et aquaculture) fournissent au monde chaque année des millions de tonnes de poisson, mollusques, crustacés, et autres produits de la mer. Les pêcheries ainsi que les activités dérivées procurent aussi revenus et moyens de subsitance. Le secteur des pêcheries participe au développement et à la croissance de nombreux pays, en contribuant de manière importante au commerce, à l’emploi, à la sécurité alimentaire et à la réduction de la pauvreté.

Cette publication présente des statistiques sur les pêcheries de 2005 à 2012. Les données fournies couvrent la capacité de la flotte de pêche, l'emploi dans les pêcheries, les débarquements de poisson, la production aquacole, la pêche récréative, les transferts financiers publics, et les importations et exportations de poisson.

Fisheries (capture fisheries and aquaculture) supply the world each year with millions of tonnes of fish (including, notably, fish, molluscs and crustaceans). Fisheries as well as ancillary activities also provide livelihoods and income. The fishery sector contributes to development and growth in many countries, playing an important role for food security, poverty reduction, employment and trade.

This publication contains statistics on fisheries from 2005 to 2012. Data provided concern fishing fleet capacity, employment in fisheries, fish landings, aquaculture production, recreational fisheries, government financial transfers, and imports and exports of fish.

This dataset includes pension funds statistics with OECD classifications by type of pension plans and by type of pension funds. All types of plans are included (occupational and personal, mandatory and voluntary). The OECD classification considers both funded and book reserved pension plans that are workplace-based (occupational pension plans) or accessed directly in retail markets (personal pension plans). Both mandatory and voluntary arrangements are included. The data includes plans where benefits are paid by a private sector entity (classified as private pension plans by the OECD) as well as those paid by a funded public sector entity. Data are presented in various measures depending on the variable: millions of national currency, millions of USD, thousands or unit.

Cette base de données comprend des données sur les fonds de pension, par type de plans et type de fonds. Tous les types de plans sont inclus : professionnels et individuels, obligatoires et facultatifs.

This dataset comprises statistics pertaining to pensions indicators.It includes indicators such as occupational pension funds’asset as a % of GDP, personal pension funds’ asset as a % of GDP, DC pension plans’assets as a % of total assets. Pension fund and plan types are classified according to the OECD classification. Three dimensions cover this classification: pension plan type, definition type and contract type.

Cette base de données comprend des données sur les fonds de pension, par type de plans et type de fonds. Tous les types de plans sont inclus : professionnels et individuels, obligatoires et facultatifs.

This edition of the Southeast Asian Economic Outlook examines medium-term growth prospects, recent macroeconomic policy challenges, and structural challenges including human capital, infrastructure and SME development.  It also looks at economic disparities “between” and “within” countries in the region.  It provides coverage for Brunei, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam.

While solid growth is forecast to continue until 2017, countries must address structural issues in order to sustain this favourable outlook. Narrowing development gaps presents one of the region’s most important challenges.

Le présent document est la quatrième étude de cas nationale réalisée dans le cadre d'un programme de recherche sur les échanges et l'ajustement structurel dans les pays non membres. Ce programme visait à compléter l'étude Changer l’ajustement structurel : les enjeux de la mondialisation (OCDE, 2005), qui formule des recommandations pour assurer la réussite de l'ajustement structurel lié aux échanges. Le présent document examine la libéralisation des échanges en Thaïlande dans les années 1970. Le rapport comprend six grandes sections : la section 1 fait l'entrée en matière, alors que la section 2 fait un survol de la croissance de l'économie thaïlandaise. La section 3 examine plus en détail les efforts de libéralisation des échanges et les politiques d'investissement de la Thaïlande, notamment le régime des échanges initial et les trois phases de libéralisation des échanges : 1) les premières réformes douanières (1982-1984) ; 2) la réforme douanière exhaustive et son annulation dans la foulée de la crise asiatique (1993-) ; 3) les réformes postérieures à la crise (1999-). La section 4 porte sur les modifications apportées à la structure des investissements et des échanges, et la section 5 analyse en profondeur l'ajustement structurel effectué dans trois secteurs : l'automobile et les pièces détachées, les textiles et l'habillement, et les services de télécommunications. La dernière section, la section 6, renferme les enseignements tirés de l'analyse. L'expérience de la Thaïlande confirme que la croissance économique passe par un environnement macroéconomique sain, la viabilité budgétaire, un cadre politique et économique relativement stable, un marché du travail flexible et des infrastructures fiables. Cet exemple de libéralisation progressive des échanges démontre que l'ouverture au commerce international et à l'investissement étranger réduit les distorsions économiques.

This paper is the fourth of four country case studies which is a part of a broader research programme addressing trade and structural adjustment issues in non-member economies which was conducted as a follow-up to Trade and Structural Adjustment: Embracing Globalisation (OECD, 2005) which identified policies for successful trade-related structural adjustment. This paper studies the trade liberalisation experience of Thailand from the 1970s. The report consists of 6 main sections; Section 1 provides the introduction, while section 2 provides an overview of Thailand's growth experiences. Section 3 takes a closer look at the trade liberalisation and investment policies in Thailand: Thailand's initial trade regime and three phases of trade liberalisation: (1) initial tariff reforms (1982-84), (2) comprehensive tariff reform and its reversal with the Asian financial crisis (1993-), and (3) post crisis reforms (1999-) are studied. Section 4 looks at the changes in the investment and trade structure, while section 5 takes a closer look at structural adjustment in three sectors, the automotive and auto-parts sector, textile and clothing, and the telecom services sector. Section 6 concludes with lessons learnt. Thailand's experience confirms that a sound macroeconomic environment, sustainable public finances, a relatively stable political and economic environment, flexible labour markets and reliable infrastructure are crucial for economic growth. It provides an example of gradual trade liberalisation, and demonstrates the benefits of openness to international trade and foreign investment in correcting distortions in the economy.

This study investigates the relative importance of factors shaping banking and corporate landscapes in Thailand after 1997 through an empirical analysis of micro-data of Thai banks and firms. The results of the analysis of the bank data show that the deceleration of bank credit growth is mainly attributable to the fallout from the Asian crisis and postcrisis regulatory changes. While high non-performing loans (NPLs) and foreclosed assets on balance sheets hinder the resumption of lending, those banks that were well capitalised, larger or domestic could resume lending faster. The analysis also showed that big, domestic, well-capitalised banks with higher NPLs are more prone to diversify into securities investments. The analysis of the firm sample indicates that Thai firms have diversified their sources of financing over the period of 1997-2000, which is reflected in the rise of the share of debt securities and trade financing. As a conclusion from the above analyses, the ...

This paper presents the results of a survey of the impact of regulations and taxes on small and micro enterprises, considered here as part of the informal sector, in Thailand. The survey covered a large sample of enterprises (more than 500) in Bangkok and ten other provinces. Three sectors were studied: restaurant stalls, garment manufacturing, metal goods manufacturing. In fact, these are activities in which there are the greatest number of "manufacturing" enterprises in Thailand's urban informal sector. Their study permits a comparison of the behaviour of enterprises active in different markets.

The study shows that small enterprises in Thailand are well integrated in the economic development process, especially through subcontracting, and their growth is not particularly hindered by institutional constraints. Moreover, even though small entrepreneurs complain about the attitude of official inspectors, they often accepted the reasons for regulations, for they served to ...

This study has three basic objectives. First, it estimates the subsidy rates for the officially supported external financing received by the Thai public sector. Second, it attempts to provide some analysis of the impact of this concessional funding on the domestic allocation of resources. Third, it aims to estimate the supply and demand functions for the officially supported export credits received by Thailand from 1976 to 1985.

A relatively detailed review of the period from 1975 to 1985 revealed a deteriorating external debt situation for Thailand. External public debt rose from a low of US$900 million in 1973 to US$12.8 billion in 1985 with comparable public debt service ratios of 2.9 per cent and 11 per cent, respectively. This occurred despite the customary conservative external borrowing policy of the Thai government and its centralized administrative control of public debt creation.

Concessional ODA financing averaged 21 per cent of total net financial flows in ...

Two key developments affected Thai agriculture in the last decade: the precipitous decline (until 1988) in world prices for the major agricultural items exported by Thailand, and the decline in the amount of cultivable land available for each agricultural worker.

During this same period the Thai economy has experienced a slowdown in the rate of growth of real GDP and an increase in the extent of poverty, the first time this has happened since statistics on poverty became available in 1963. As these economy-wide developments and the adverse changes specific to agriculture coincided, it came to be widely believed that the one is the cause of the other. This paper sets out to examine the validity of this belief, using an applied general equilibrium model (the THAM-2).

The simulations indicate that the effect of the agriculture-associated changes on the Thai economy can be quite substantial. Liberalization of rice alone will increase real GDP by 2 to 3 per cent. Had the world ...

Maize is a relatively new crop in Thailand, but since commercial production began in the 1950s it has become the second most important crop in terms of planted area and one of the country's top four agricultural exports. Major changes are occurring in the maize market in Thailand. On the supply side, increased production through land expansion will be curtailed in the future to prevent further destruction of forest areas and the area under cultivation actually reduced. On the demand side, until recently most maize was exported, but the rapid increase in domestic demand for livestock feed brings the future of exports into question. Higher yields could be achieved with current maize varieties through the increased application of fertilizer. However, not only is fertilizer expensive (the price of nitrogen is about six times the price of maize): there are also risks involved in applying fertilizer in Thailand's mainly rain-fed production conditions.

Public sector maize research in ...