Philippines
This publication compiles comparable tax revenue statistics for Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines and Singapore. The model is the OECD Revenue Statistics database – a fundamental reference, backed by a well-established methodology, for OECD member countries. Extending the OECD methodology to Asian countries enables comparisons about tax levels and tax structures on a consistent basis, both among Asian economies and between OECD and Asian economies. This work has been is jointly undertaken by the OECD Centre for Tax Policy and Administration and the OECD Development Centre.
This review assesses the overall investment climate in the Philippines, looking at investment policy, investment promotion and facilitation, competition policy, infrastructure investment and responsible business conduct. The Review documents successful reform episodes over the past 25 years in the Philippines, assesses their impact and suggests areas for further reforms. It looks at how to raise investment levels by both foreign and domestic enterprises and at how to ensure that such investment contributes to sustainable and inclusive growth. The current macroeconomic situation in the Philippines is favourable, remittances are high, the business process outsource industry is booming, and the new Competition Act will help to make the domestic market more competitive. The Review argues for one further reform push to ease the many restrictions on foreign investors in the Philippines so as to provide an investment climate where all firms can invest and grow.
Revenue Statistics in Asian Countries is jointly undertaken by the OECD Centre for Tax Policy and Administration and the OECD Development Centre. It compiles comparable tax revenue statistics for Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Korea and Japan. The model is the OECD Revenue Statistics database which is a fundamental reference, backed by a well-established methodology, for OECD member countries. Extending the OECD methodology to Asian countries enables comparisons about tax levels and tax structures on a consistent basis, both among Asian economies and between OECD and Asian economies. A special feature in this edition provides country profiles on recent tax administration and related reforms in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines.
This report contains the “Phase 2: Implementation of the Standards in Practice” review, as well as revised version of the “Phase 1: Legal and Regulatory Framework review” already released for the Philippines.
The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by 120 jurisdictions, which participate in the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004. The standards have also been incorporated into the UN Model Tax Convention.
The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. Fishing expeditions are not authorised but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard.
All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 and Phase 2 – reviews. The Global Forum has also put in place a process for supplementary reports to follow-up on recommendations, as well as for the ongoing monitoring of jurisdictions following the conclusion of a review. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes.
All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
Ce jeu de données est issu de la base de données présentée dans les Perspectives Agricoles de l'OCDE et de la FAO 2013-2022. La table contient des projections du marché agricole et des principales denrées agricoles comme les céréales, les oléagineux, les produits laitiers, le coton, et d'autres. Sont incluses des données sur le commerce agricole en général, notamment sur la production, les prix, la balance commerciale, les stocks en fin de période, la consommation, la transformation, etc. Pour la plupart des marchés et denrées agricoles analysés dans les Perspectives Agricoles, les prix intérieurs et mondiaux sont aussi disponibles. La majeure partie des données remontent jusqu'en 1970 et couvrent jusqu'à la dernière année de projection (actuellement 2022).
This dataset stems from the database presented in the OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2013-2022. The table contains projections on the agriculture market and commodities such as cereals, oilseeds, diary products, cotton and more. It includes statistics on the trade side including data on production, prices, trade balance, ending stocks, consumption, transformation, etc. For most of the commodity markets analysed in the Agricultural Outlook, domestic and international commodity prices are also available. In most cases the data go back to 1970 and cover up to the latest year of projection (currently 2022).
This edition of the Southeast Asian Economic Outlook examines medium-term growth prospects, recent macroeconomic policy challenges, and structural challenges including human capital, infrastructure and SME development. It also looks at economic disparities “between” and “within” countries in the region. It provides coverage for Brunei, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam.
While solid growth is forecast to continue until 2017, countries must address structural issues in order to sustain this favourable outlook. Narrowing development gaps presents one of the region’s most important challenges.
This issue examines the shipbuilding market, especially in relation to structural issues and support provided by governments to their domestic industries that could bring distortions to the market. Country studies of China and Viet Nam offer a better understanding of specific shipbuilding sectors.
The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 90 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing.
The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention.
The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard.
All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes.
All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
The Philippines is one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world. It ranked as the country facing the highest disaster risk according to the WorldRiskIndex 2023. The country’s high exposure to both geophysical and hydrometeorological hazards is to a large extent a consequence of its location in one of the most tectonically active regions along the Pacific Ring of Fire and on the Pacific typhoon belt. The Philippines is exposed to typhoons, floods, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, fires and drought, which lead to significant social, economic and environmental costs. Between 2000 and 2022, 361 disasters triggered by natural hazards led to almost 27 000 deaths, affected over 181 million people and caused nearly USD 24 billion in economic losses. Storms (51%), floods (29%), earthquakes (7%), landslides (4%), and volcanic eruptions (4%) comprise the majority of disaster events (CRED, 2024[1]).
The SIGI 2023 profile for the Philippines provides a comprehensive overview of the state of gender equality in the country, as measured by the OECD’s Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI). The full SIGI Country Profile for the Philippines is available at: OECD Development Centre (2023), “Philippines SIGI Country Profile”, SIGI 2023 Country Profiles, OECD, https://oe.cd/sigi-dashboard. The fifth edition of the SIGI, released in 2023, assesses 140 countries based on the level of gender-based discrimination in their social institutions. These discriminatory social institutions encompass both formal and informal laws, as well as social norms and practices that restrict women’s and girls’ access to rights, justice, empowerment opportunities and resources, thereby undermining their agency and authority.
The Philippines can legally issue the following type of rulings within the scope of the transparency framework: permanent establishment rulings
Aux Philippines, le soutien à la production agricole (estimation du soutien aux producteurs, ESP) a représenté en moyenne 22 % des recettes agricoles brutes en 2020-22, ce qui est autant que 20 ans plus tôt, mais en deçà du pic atteint en 2014 (28 %). Le niveau de soutien actuel est le plus élevé parmi les pays émergents étudiés dans le présent rapport.
The Philippines is endowed with a rich cultural heritage and natural landscapes from sandy beaches to densely forested mountains. Its tourism scene is characterised by a tropical clime and low prices, flavoured with fun and warm hospitality. Official policy of the Philippines declares tourism an indispensable element of its economy and seeks to promote the heritage of the Filipino people as well as sustainable tourism development. In 2019, the Philippines achieved the highest number of tourist arrivals ever, at 8.26 million (Department of Tourism, 2021). Unfortunately, this was followed by two years where the tourism sector was deeply curtailed by the COVID-19 pandemic and responses to it, but tourist arrivals exceeded government targets in 2022 and China’s abandonment of zero-COVID policy should help spur growth even further in 2023 and beyond. The World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) predicts that travel and tourism could contribute more than USD 155 billion to GDP in 2032, potentially creating nearly 3 million new jobs in the sector (WTTC, 2022b). This country note examines infrastructure challenges facing the sector as well as ecotourism development initiatives.
The Philippines can legally issue the following type of rulings within the scope of the transparency framework: permanent establishment rulings.
This section aims to provide a short overview of the past and future hazards based on the IPCC Sixth Assessment report (Shaw et al., 2022[1]). It discusses the observed hazards, the projections for the future, and concludes with a discussion of exposures and vulnerabilities. The Philippines comprises approximately 7,000 islands, most of which can be characterised as mountainous terrain bordered by narrow coastal plains. shows the historical averages of temperature and precipitation (1990-2020). Average temperatures are generally high at 25°C with little variation across the country or throughout the year. Average annual rainfall is approximately 2400 mm, but with significant variation both across the country and the year. Climatological variations in the Philippines are significantly influenced by El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), with El Niño causing droughts and La Niña causing rainfall leading to floods (OECD, 2020[1]).