Congo, the Democratic Republic of the
The economy of the Democratic Republic of Congo is now poorer than it was at independence. From the 1970s, the breakdown of supply and almost continuous erosion of demand gave way to a negative spiral leading to the informalisation, even criminalisation, of whole sectors until the country entered a war economy at the end of the 1990s. The prime reason for such a state of affairs was the atrocious governance record of the Mobutu and Laurent Désiré Kabila régimes - respectively supported, then abandoned by the Great Powers during the Cold War and manipulated by powerful regional neighbours. The resulting human catastrophe represents, apart from an appalling drama, a particularly heavy legacy for the future development of the Congo and creates the conditions for long and drawn-out destabilisation.
An end to the war, conditioned on the eradication of its underlying economic causes, will provide an opportunity for a concerted strategy between the governments of the region, donors and the ...
The purpose of this paper is to develop a strategy for PCT in the DRC, drawing from the experience of other countries that have gone through this triple transition. These experiences will be used to identify the tasks that need to be carried out in the DRC, to illustrate domestic policies that have worked and those that have failed, and to exemplify the financial and technical assistance that the international community could offer to facilitate the transition and the problems of integrating and coordinating such assistance.
Although a rigorous analysis of the political and economic developments in the DRC is well beyond the scope of this paper, a brief description of some of these developments is necessary to understand the daunting PCT challenges facing the DRC, as well as to draw lessons from previous experiences. At the same time, although the strategy for PCT in the DRC will focus on economic reconstruction, political and human rights issues will be mentioned in as far as they ...
IN 2008, ECONOMIC, FINANCIAL and social performance in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) was low, despite promising prospects in terms of conflict resolution, exploitation of mineral wealth and structural reforms. These results are due both to exogenous factors, such as the global context of the food, energy and financial crisis, and to endogenous factors, in particular the lack of basic transportation and energy infrastructures, not to mention the low level of political and economic governance.
EN 2008, LA RÉPUBLIQUE DÉMOCRATIQUE du Congo (RDC) a enregistré de faibles performances économi ques, financières et sociales, malgré des perspectives prometteuses sur le plan de la résolution des conflits, de l’exploitation des richesses minières et des réformes structurelles. Ces résultats sont dus à des facteurs exogènes, tels que le contexte mondial de crise alimentaire, énergétique et financière, et à des facteurs structurels endogènes, notamment le manque d’infrastructures de base et de transports, d’énergie, sans omettre le faible niveau de gouvernance politique et économique.
The Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Congo (Congo DR) upholds the principle of equality between men and women. However, certain provisions of Congolese law still discriminate against women, particularly in the areas of ownership rights and women’s lack of any capacity to sign legal contracts. The ongoing conflict with high levels of sexual violence has also had a major impact on women and girls.
Economic growth in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) slowed to 2.5% in 2009 (from 6.2% in 2008) owing to structural problems and the effects of the world economic and financial crisis. It mainly affected the country through shrinking trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) because of lower world demand and a drop in prices for the DRC’s main exports. Growth should recover to 6.5% in 2010 and 8.8% in 2011 as the world economy picks up, debt relief is granted, reforms are made and an agreement with China to build infrastructure in exchange for mining concessions to a Chinese-led consortium goes ahead.
En 2009, la République démocratique du Congo (RDC) a réalisé une croissance économique de 2.5 %, contre 6.2 % en 2008. Un repli lié à ses problèmes structurels et aux effets de la crise économique et financière mondiale. Celle-ci a principalement touché la RDC par le canal du commerce international et des investissements directs étrangers (IDE), à la suite de la baisse de la demande mondiale et de la chute des cours des principaux produits d’exportation congolais. Avec la reprise de l’économie mondiale, la mise en oeuvre de l’accord sino-congolais (l’attribution de gisements miniers à un consortium chinois contre la construction d'infrastructures), l’allègement attendu de la dette extérieure et les réformes en cours, le taux de croissance devrait passer à 6.5 % en 2010 et 8.8 % en 2011.
Ce rapport présente un bilan du degré de mise en œuvre en République Démocratique du Congo des Principes pour l’engagement international dans les États fragiles et les situations précaires,deux ans après que les ministres du Comité d’aide au développement de l’OCDE les aient approuvés. Il s’agit également de définir les actions prioritaires destinées à améliorer l’efficacité de l’engagement international dans le pays. Le Rapport Pays sur la République Démocratique du Congo rend compte des conclusions issues d’une consultation nationale entre des parties prenantes représentant des institutions tant nationales qu'internationales, enrichies d’entretiens et de collectes de données.
The economy began to recover in 2010, with estimations showing real GDP growth increasing to 6.1% from 2.8% in 2009 and largely driven by mining, which was buoyed by higher world prices. This in turn stimulated the services sector and infrastructure rehabilitation. Contributors to overall growth were mining (11.8%), construction (10.1%) and wholesale and retail trade (6.3%). The economy is expected to grow at around 6.5% over the next two years.
Economic growth in the DRC in 2011 reached 6.5%, a slight drop from the 2010 figure of 7.2%, as a result of global inflationary trends and caution on the part of businesses during a period of elections. Growth, dependent on agriculture, the extractive industries, trade, and construction and public works, may slow further in 2012 to 5.1% because of persisting political uncertainties.
La croissance économique de la RDC en 2011 a atteint 6.5 %, en léger retrait sur 2010 (7.2 %) en raison des tensions inflationnistes à l’échelle mondiale et de l’attentisme des entreprises en période électorale. Portée par l’agriculture, les industries extractives, le commerce, le bâtiment et les travaux publics (BTP) la croissance pourrait continuer à se ralentir en 2012 (5.1 %) à cause des incertitudes politiques persistantes.
La République démocratique du Congo réalise une croissance de 7.2 % en 2012 malgré un contexte économique et financier mondial difficile et une situation politicosécuritaire interne préoccupante. Cette performance est essentiellement stimulée par les industries extractives, le commerce, l’agriculture et la construction. Elle profite aussi de la stabilité macroéconomique et du dynamisme de la demande intérieure. Compte-tenu de la demande mondiale de minerais et de l’importance des investissements réalisés dans ce secteur ces dernières années, la croissance devrait poursuivre sa progression pour atteindre 8.2 % en 2013 et 9.4 % en 2014.
The economy grew 7.2% in 2012 despite difficult world economic and financial conditions and a worrying domestic political and security situation. The performance was largely due to extractive industries, trade, agriculture and construction, macroeconomic stability and robust domestic demand. Growth should continue, to 8.2% in 2013 and 9.4% in 2014, in the light of world demand for minerals and the major investment in the sector in recent years.