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This publication presents comprehensive statistics on aid flows in support of HIV/AIDS control. The analysis of aid flows covers the years 2000-2006, including trends in donors’ aid and the degree of targeting to countries most in need; estimates are provided for year 2007. The publication also records the relevant aid activities reported by DAC members and multilateral institutions to the CRS Aid Activity database (Creditor Reporting System). The information is based on individual commitments and disbursements of Official Development Assistance (ODA) to HIV/AIDS control.

As manifested by an increasingly globalised media, a nuclear accident anywhere quickly becomes a potential concern for people everywhere. It is therefore of prime importance that nuclear regulators’ communication strategies take into consideration the expectations and concerns of the public and provide sound information not only for the people of the affected country, but also for citizens worldwide. Public trust is a key element in being able to do so effectively and of particular importance when there are consequences for people or the environment. International co-operation can play a fundamental role in helping to improve crisis communication on national and global scales in the event of a nuclear accident or radiological emergency. These proceedings contain the papers, recommendations and conclusions of the workshop, which was attended by over 180 experts from 27 countries and 6 international organisations.

This report looks at the state of health in Croatia.

This cross-country analysis was conducted to have a better understanding of approaches developed across countries and by different stakeholders to support alternatives assessment and substitution of chemicals of concern. It It describesapproaches in place (policy, regulatory and non-regulatory/voluntary approaches), their impact and the context in which they have been developed, as well as gaps and opportunities for advancing alternatives assessment practice and substitution of chemicals of concern.

Countries continue to advance approaches to support alternatives assessment and substitution of chemicals of concern. Substitution can occur as a response to regulatory activity or in anticipation of regulations or even in non-regulatory scenarios where a company may wish to switch to an alternative substance or technical solution. This document summarises approaches used to support alternatives assessments and substitution by countries and lessons learned. This second edition is based on responses received to a questionnaire as well as discussion from the 2022 OECD Workshop on Government Approaches to Incentivise Substitution. In addition, the document summarises third-party approaches to substitution and economic approaches to incentivise substitution, which are further elaborated in other documents also discussed at the workshop. Links to the topics of innovation and safe and sustainable by design are also drawn.

This publication examines how policy actors involved in cross-border co-operation contribute to the regional integration process in West Africa. It uses a pioneering methodology, known as social network analysis, to visualise the formal and informal relationships between actors involved in cross-border policy networks, showing that borders have notable and diverse impacts on exchanges of information and the relative power of networks. The report then analyses a range of regional indicators of co-operation potential, visually demonstrating that borders can also affect the ability of sub-regions within West Africa to develop cross-border initiatives in a number of ways. Combining these two analyses with the perceptions of regional policy makers as to which border areas they consider as priorities for regional integration, the publication concludes with the analytical foundations for more effective place-based policies that can enhance cross-border co-operation in West Africa.

As data become an important resource for the global economy, it is important to strengthen trust to facilitate data sharing domestically and across borders. Significant momentum for related policies in the G7, and G20, has gone hand in hand with a wide range of – often complementary – national and international initiatives and the development of technological and organisational measures. Advancing a common understanding and dialogue among G7 countries and beyond is crucial to support coordinated and coherent progress in policy and regulatory approaches that leverage the full potential of data for global economic and social prosperity. This report takes stock of key policies and initiatives on cross-border data flows to inform and support G7 countries’ engagement on this policy agenda.

The mobility of students, professors, knowledge and even values has been part of higher education for centuries, but it has recently grown at an unprecedented pace. This presents many new opportunities among which are increased access to higher education, strategic alliances between countries and regions, as well as the expansion of human resource and institutional capacity. Parallel to these opportunities are an equal number of challenges: a potential increase in low quality or rogue providers, a lack of recognition of foreign qualifications by domestic employers or education institutions, along with elitism and the tensions it creates. This book casts light on these opportunities and challenges, especially for developing countries willing to leverage cross-border higher education as a tool for development. It discusses the concept of capacity-building through cross-border education, emphasising the critical role of quality assurance and trade negotiations.

This document contains the user guide for the XML schema that supports the automatic exchange of information pursuant to the Crypto-Asset Reporting Framework (CARF), as approved by the OECD in 2023. While the XML schema has been primarily designed to facilitate the exchanges of CARF information between tax administrations, the XML schema can also be used for domestic reporting of CARF information by Reporting Crypto-Asset Service Providers, to the extent permitted under domestic law of the relevant jurisdiction.

Cryptography is one of the technological means to provide security for data on information and communications systems. It can be used to protect the confidentiality of data, such as financial or personal data, whether that data is in storage or in transit. Cryptography can also be used to verify the integrity of data by revealing whether data has been altered and identifying the person or device that sent it. These techniques are critical to the development and use of national and global information and communications networks and technologies, as well as the development of electronic commerce. This book includes the Recommendation of the OECD Council concerning Guidelines for Cryptography Policy, the text of the Guidelines itself, and a report which explains the context for the guidelines and the basic issues involved in the cryptography policy debate.

This set of standards is published within the framework of the activities of the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables set up by OECD in 1962. It comprises comments and illustrations to facilitate the common interpretation of standards in force and is therefore a valuable tool for both the Inspection Authorities and professional bodies responsible for the application of standards or interested in the international trade in these products.

This book provides comments and illustrations to facilitate the common interpretation of the standard in force for grading cultivated mushrooms in international trade under the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables set up by the OECD in 1962.  It therefore is a valuable tool for both the Inspection Authorities and professional bodies responsible for the application of standards or those interested in international trade of cultivated mushrooms.