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Outre les Principes, cette publication très complète inclut une Liste de vérification pour la mise en œuvre du cadre à toutes les étapes du cycle de passation des marchés publics. Par ailleurs, elle établit une cartographie détaillée des risques afin d’aider les auditeurs à prévenir et à détecter la fraude et la corruption. Enfin, elle comprend une étude de cas utile sur le Maroc, qui a fait l’objet d’une application pilote des Principes.
« La Liste de vérification aidera les États et les autorités publiques à élaborer des systèmes de passation de marchés plus transparents et plus efficients »
-Nicolas Raigorodsky, Sous-secrétaire chargé des stratégies de transparence, Bureau de lutte contre la corruption, Argentine
« Dans le domaine de la gouvernance publique, la passation des marchés publics est une des questions les plus importantes. C’est en s’attaquant aux pots de vin et à la corruption qu’on pourra promouvoir l’intégrité. »
-Comité consultatif économique et industriel auprès de l'OCDE
« Il faut saluer l’orientation générale et le contenu de ce document. Ils s’inspirent très étroitement de la Convention des Nations Unies contre la corruption et de la Loi type de la Commission des Nations Unies pour le droit commercial international »
-Stuart Gilman, Chef du Programme mondial de lutte contre la corruption et du Groupe de lutte contre la corruption, Office des Nations Unies contre la drogue et le crime
In 2003, the Asian Roundtable on Corporate Governance produced recommendations to improve corporate governance in Asia, based on the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance. This report summarises the results of a stocktaking exercise to determine progress made to date and the challenges remaining in the implementation of these recommendations. Included in this book are valuable insights into corporate governance rules and practices of listed companies in Asia, notably: shareholder rights, the protection of non-controlling owners, transparency and disclosure, as well as the role of company boards.
Public administration has entered a new age. In the 1980s, “less” government was the prevailing idea; in the 1990s and early 21st century, “New Public Management” was the dominant theme. Today, public administration is moving in new directions. Reforms are focusing on the quality of services for citizens and businesses and on the efficiency of administration (the “back office” of government). The OECD is studying these new trends in a multi-annual, cross-country project called “Value for Money in Government”.
This publication focuses on the Netherlands and provides an overview of previous Dutch reforms and recommendations for further reforms in view of the need to get better value for money from government.
Many countries around the world have introduced systems of asset declarations for public officials in order to prevent corruption. These systems vary greatly from country to country. The impact of such systems on the actual level of corruption is not well known.
This study provides a systematic analysis of the existing practice in the area of asset declarations in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, and in some OECD member states in Western Europe and North America. It examines the key elements of asset declaration systems, such as policy objectives, legal frameworks and the institutional arrangements; the categories of public officials who are required to submit declarations, and types of required information; procedures for verifying declared information, sanctions for violations, and public disclosure. The study also discusses the cost-effectiveness and overall usefulness of declaration systems. It includes four case studies covering Lithuania, Romania, Spain and Ukraine, and many additional country examples and references.
The study presents policy recommendations on the key elements of asset declaration systems. These recommendations will be useful for national governments and international organisations engaged in development, reform and assessment of asset declarations systems on a country level.
Criminalisation is a key component of all international anti-corruption instruments. For example, the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions (Anti-Bribery Convention) and the UN Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) both require States Parties to enact specific criminal offences on bribery. The Asian Development Bank (ADB)/Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Anti-Corruption Initiative's Action Plan commits countries to ensure ‘the existence of legislation with dissuasive sanctions which effectively and actively combat the offence of bribery of public officials’.
However, criminalisation can be a challenging task, as experienced by many countries Party to the Anti-Bribery Convention. This report reviews the criminalisation of bribery offences in Asian countries under the UNCAC. Drawing on the experience of the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention's monitoring mechanism, the review focuses on each member's implementation of UNCAC Articles 15, 16 and 26 (domestic and foreign bribery by natural and legal persons). The review also identifies trends and challenges across the Asia-Pacific region.
Lo que hacen los gobiernos es importante. Los retos mundiales actuales como los financieros, económicos, sociales y ambientales destacan el papel único que desempeñan los gobiernos al servicio del interés público. Las acciones y las políticas de gobierno tocan nuestra vida cotidiana de incontables maneras, desde obtener un permiso para conducir hasta el pago de impuestos por nuestros ingresos para mantener el orden público y la seguridad. El gobierno es un actor clave en todas las sociedades, contribuye al crecimiento económico, proporciona bienes y servicios, regula la conducta de los negocios y de los individuos, y redistribuye el ingreso. Una porción importante de la economía está dedicada a la actividad pública: en 2007, el gasto gubernamental fue entre el 30 y 53% del PIB en los países de la OCDE. Dado que los gobiernos proporcionan una gran y cambiante cantidad de bienes y servicios, cuantificar y evaluar las acciones de gobierno puede ayudar a los responsables de gestión y a los líderes tomar mejores decisiones, y puede ayudar al gobierno a rendir cuentas a sus ciudadanos. Además, describir las estructuras y la organización de gobierno puede mostrar similitudes y diferencias importantes entre países, y facilitar el aprendizaje mutuo. La calidad, la flexibilidad y la efectividad de los sistemas de gobierno público son fundamentales en las capacidades de los países para afrontar las cuestiones futuras.
Panorama de las Administraciones Públicas es una publicación bienal nueva de la OCDE. Provee más de 30 indicadores que describen elementos clave subyacentes al cumplimiento del gobierno. Con un enfoque sobre la administración pública, la publicación compara los marcos político e institucional entre los países de la OCDE. Además compara los ingresos, los gastos y el empleo del gobierno. También incluye indicadores que describen políticas y prácticas de gobierno en integridad, e-gobierno y gobierno abierto, e introduce varios indicadores compuestos que resumen aspectos clave de las prácticas de administración pública en la gestión de recursos humanos, en la elaboración de presupuesto y en la gestión de la regulación.
Las estadísticas y las gráficas de la obra incluyen un enlace interactivo URL (StatLink) que remite al lector a una página web en la que encontrará los datos correspondientes en formato Excel.
This special report assesses the impact of the crisis on the insurance sector and reviews policy responses within OECD countries. It is based to a large extent on a quantitative and qualitative questionnaire that was circulated to OECD countries in 2009. The report shows that generallythe insurance sector demonstrated resilience to the crisis, though with some variation across the OECD, and concludes with a number of policy conclusions.
Rural England plays a significant role in the economy of the United Kingdom, but an even larger social and cultural role. And it is unique among OECD regions, in that it is geographically compact, with rural inhabitants generally no more than a half hour’s drive from an urban area. There is thus a vast amount of interaction between rural and urban populations in England.
England’s rural population is, on average, doing better than the urban population across a broad range of socio-economic indicators. Nevertheless, rural England is also struggling with pockets of poverty and social exclusion, difficulties in maintaining access to high quality public services, an ageing population, and, most importantly, a widespread shortage of affordable housing.
The government has adopted mainstreaming as its rural policy strategy. The objective of mainstreaming is to ensure that people in rural England have access to the same policies and programmes as those available in urban England. While mainstreaming is an attractive policy approach, especially in a country with strong rural-urban interactions such as England, it has proved challenging to implement for different reasons. This report examines the mainstreaming policy response as applied to rural England and suggests ways to increase its effectiveness.
The report will interest academics and policy makers alike as it includes a discussion on governance structures and decentralisation; delivering public services; economic development; and the importance of improving connectivity in the context of rural areas. While the focus is on rural England, other OECD member countries will also benefit from the insights provided.
Now more than ever, administrative simplification is a priority in countries seeking to improve public governance and regulatory quality in order to boost competition and growth. To date, Poland has adopted a complex administrative simplification programme, based on methods successfully used in other OECD countries. It has two main streams: one focused on simplifying licences and permits, the other on measuring and reducing regulatory burdens. This report reviews the programme with the aim of helping Poland to make it and its implementation more efficient.
The report shows that although many important elements of regulatory policy are now formally in place in Poland, in practice, there is still an implementation gap. The OECD recommends that Poland re-launches its programme by:
· Setting new, realistic targets and timelines
· Developing action plans for individual ministries
· Creating efficient co-ordination structures and reporting mechanisms
· Improving continuous stakeholders involvement
Poland should also strengthen its regulatory impact assessment system by improving quality control, strengthening capacities, and possibilities for public control. Consultations throughout the whole process of making legislation should also be improved.
Administrative simplification in Viet Nam has reached a defining moment. In 2007, the government launched “Project 30”, the goal of which was to reduce administrative procedures by 30% as part of ambitious reforms to modernise the public service and simplify the regulatory environment for businesses. These reforms support the development of infrastructure, increased productivity, greater foreign direct investment and a high rate of growth. Administrative simplification efforts, once fully implemented, will enhance regulatory quality and stimulate competitiveness and equitable growth. It was within this context that Viet Nam invited OECD to evaluate achievements so far and suggest future directions, including options for a ten-year programme for regulatory reform grounded in international best practice.
This report details Project 30 and related initiatives. Using international comparisons and incorporating experience from similar reforms in other countries, it explores how Viet Nam can rapidly bring about the full potential of Project 30 and introduce a complete range of regulatory reform instruments in the near future. The lessons learnt from the management of a major administrative simplification initiative in Viet Nam will be useful to other countries seeking to improve their regulatory framework and to reduce administrative burdens, especially in the developing world and in transition countries.
This report is published in English; a French translation of the executive summary has been included in this volume.
BLURB - GERMAN
Die Regionen in der Schweiz erzielen in vielen Hinsichten gute Ergebnisse. Sie verbuchen ein hohes BIP pro Einwohner, die Arbeitslosigkeit ist niedrig, und manche Regionen verzeichnen ein beeindruckendes Wirtschaftswachstum. Auβerdem steht die Schweiz nicht vor Herausforderungen, mit denen viele ähnliche Regionen in der OECD konfrontiert wurden, wie mangelnder Zugang zu Dienstleistungen oder Bevölkerungsrückgang durch Überalterung oder Abwanderung. Nur die Förderung der Arbeitsproduktivität stellt weiterhin ein Problem dar, mit dessen Lösung die Regionalpolitik sich befassen muss.
Zur Verbesserung der regionalen Wirtschaftsleistung wurde 2008, im Anschluss an den OECD-Prüfbericht 2002, die neue Schweizer Regionalpolitik (NRP) eingeführt. Die NRP stellt einen klaren Paradigmenwechsel dar, da sie sich nicht mehr auf den Bau von Infrastrukturen und die Gewährung von Finanzhilfen konzentriert, sondern die Wirtschaftsförderung zur gezielten Mehrwertschöpfung in den Regionen in den Mittelpunkt stellt. Dieser Bericht enthält Empfehlungen, wie das Ergebnis der NRP durch die Ausweitung des Wirkungsbereichs auf das gesamte Land, engere interkantonale Zusammenarbeit und besser koordinierte Sektoralpolitiken optimiert werden kann. Ferner befasst der Bericht sich mit der regionalen Innovationsförderung. In diesem Rahmen wird empfohlen, die Aufgaben der einzelnen Staatsebenen klarer zu definieren, Forschung und Technologietransfer auf Landesebene vom Bund finanzieren zu lassen und die Kantone mit der Innovationsförderung in den Funktionalräumen zu beauftragen.
Der OECD-Prüfbericht Raumentwicklung Schweiz 2011 ist in das breiter gefasste Raumentwicklungsprogramm des OECD Territorial Development Policy Committee eingebettet. Ziel der Prüfberichte ist es, den Behörden der einzelnen Staaten praxisbezogene Ratschläge für die Raumentwicklung zu geben. Zu den bereits geprüften Ländern zählen Chile, Finnland, Frankreich, Italien, Japan, Kanada, Korea, Luxemburg, Mexiko, Norwegen, Polen, Portugal, Schweden und die Schweiz, die Tschechische Republik und Ungarn.
Leseempfehlung
OECD-Prüfbericht Raumentwicklung Schweiz (2002)
Les régions suisses obtiennent d’excellentes performances économiques à bien des égards. Elles affichent des PIB par habitant élevés et de faibles taux de chômage, et certaines enregistrent des taux de croissance remarquables. En outre, elles ne sont pas en proie aux difficultés qui touchent de nombreuses régions similaires dans les pays de l’OCDE, comme la dépopulation, le vieillissement et l’accès limité aux services. Les politiques de développement régional restent confrontées à un défi de taille, celui de la croissance de la productivité du travail à l’échelle des régions, qui requiert une action plus poussée des pouvoirs publics.
Afin d’améliorer les performances économiques régionales, la Nouvelle politique régionale (NPR) a été introduite en 2008 à la suite de l’Examen territorial de l’OCDE consacré à la Suisse en 2002. Cette politique dénote un changement d’orientation manifeste, s’éloignant d’un modèle axé sur le transfert financier et l’aide aux infrastructures pour aller vers un soutien à l’économie régionale dans une optique de création de valeur ajoutée. Le présent Examen contient des recommandations visant à optimiser l’impact de cette Nouvelle politique régionale en élargissant sa couverture territoriale et en renforçant la coopération entre les cantons ainsi que la coordination de la NPR avec les politiques sectorielles. Cette revue met tout particulièrement l’accent sur les politiques d’innovation au niveau des régions. Elle avance l’argument qu’une répartition des rôles doit être mise en place selon laquelle la Confédération finance la recherche et le transfert de technologies sur l’ensemble du territoire, tandis que les cantons soutiennent l’innovation à l’échelle des régions fonctionnelles.
L’Examen territorial de la Suisse 2011 s’inscrit dans un programme plus vaste d’Examens territoriaux nationaux menés par le Comité des politiques de développement territorial de l’OCDE. L’objectif général des Examens territoriaux est de fournir des recommandations pratiques aux gouvernements nationaux. Les Examens territoriaux menés précédemment portent sur le Canada, le Chili, la Corée, la Finlande, la France, la Hongrie, l’Italie, le Japon, le Luxembourg, le Mexique, la Norvège, la Pologne, le Portugal, la République tchèque, la Suède et la Suisse.
À lire également
Examens territoriaux de l’OCDE : Suisse (2002)
Regions in Switzerland are performing well in many respects. They have high levels of GDP per capita and low unemployment rates, and some regions show impressive growth rates. In addition, Swiss regions have not been confronted with the challenges faced by many similar regions in the OECD, such as limited access to services and population decline due to ageing or emigration. Regional labour productivity growth still requires further policy attention.
In order to improve regional economic performance, Switzerland introduced the New Regional Policy (NRP) in 2008, following the 2002 OECD Territorial Review of Switzerland. The NRP reflects a clear shift of focus from infrastructure and financial assistance towards economic support for the creation of value added to the regional economy. The current review provides recommendations on how the impact of the NRP can be increased through extended territorial coverage, inter-cantonal co-operation, and co-ordination of sectoral policies. This review also takes a close look at regional innovation policies, arguing that a division of roles should be achieved, with the federal level funding research and technology transfer on a country-wide basis, and cantons providing innovation support according to functional areas.
This review of corporate governance in Chile describes the corporate governance setting including the structure and ownership concentration of listed companies and the structure and operation of the state-owned sector. It then examines the legal and regulatory framework and company practices to assess the degree to which the recommendations of the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance and the OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises have been implemented.
De todas las actividades gubernamentales, la contratación pública es la más vulnerable a la corrupción. Basta un ejemplo: el soborno realizado por empresas internacionales en los países de la OCDE tiene mucha mayor penetración en las compras públicas que en los de suminis¬tros, impuestos o en los tribunales. Dado que la contratación pública es una actividad económica de gran im¬portancia de los gobiernos, calculada en el 15% del PIB, tiene un considerable impacto en cómo se gasta el dinero de los contribuyentes.
A pesar que existe un amplio acuerdo en que todas las reformas a las compras públicas deben apegarse a los principios de buen gobierno, los esfuerzos internacionales se han centrado tradicionalmente en el proceso de la licitación. Sin embargo, éste es solamente la “punta del iceberg”. Escándalos recientes de corrupción han atraído la atención a zonas oscuras del ciclo completo de las compras públicas, incluyendo la evaluación de necesidades y la gestión de contratos. Los esfuerzos de reforma frecuentemente han descuidado las excepciones a los procedimientos competitivos tales como la contratación de emergencia y adquisiciones para la defensa.
Esta obra va más allá de una declaración general de la importancia del buen gobierno y la prevención en las compras públicas. Ofrece una perspectiva práctica sobre cómo la profesión de la contratación pública está evolucionando para hacer frente a la creciente demanda de integridad, recurriendo a la experiencia de los profesionales en adquisiciones, y así también en especialistas en auditoría, competencia y anticorrupción.
El estudio provee, por primera vez, una visión comparativa de prácticas dirigidas a impulsar la integridad a lo largo del ciclo completo de contratación. Asimismo incluye numerosos “elementos de buenas prácticas” identificados no solamente en los países de la OCDE sino también en Brasil, Chile, Dubai, Eslovenia, India, Pakistán, Rumania, y Sudáfrica.