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Cette Ligne directrice décrit une méthode, qui fournit des informations utiles pour prédire l'effet probable d'une substance d'essai sur la production de gaz dans des digesteurs anaérobies.
Des fractions aliquotes d'un mélange de boue à digestion anaérobie (20 g/l à 40 g/l de matières solides totales) et d’une solution de substrat dégradable sont incubées seules, et, simultanément, avec une gamme des concentrations de la substance d'essai, dans des récipients scellés, pendant une période pouvant atteindre trois jours. Au moins trois réplicats sont utilisées pour chaque gamme de concentration. Cette étude inclut la mesure de la pression (indication de la quantité de gaz) et du pH. Le pourcentage d'inhibition de la production de gaz, provoqué par les diverses concentrations de la substance d'essai, est calculé à partir des quantités produites dans les flacons d'essai et témoins (avec du 3,5-dichlorophénol). La CE50 et d’autres concentrations efficaces sont calculées à partir des courbes du pourcentage d’inhibition en fonction de la concentration des produits chimiques d’essai, ou, le plus souvent, de son logarithme.
This Test Guideline describes a method, which can provide information that is useful in predicting the likely effect of a test substance on gas production in anaerobic digesters.
Aliquots of a mixture of anaerobically digesting sludge (20 g/L to 40 g/L total solids) and a degradable substrate solution are incubated alone and simultaneously with a range of concentrations of the test substance in sealed vessels for up to 3 days. At least triplicate sets of bottles for each of a range of concentrations are used. This study includes measurement of pressure (indication about the amount of gas) and pH. The percentage inhibition of gas production brought about by the various concentrations of the test substance is calculated from the amounts produced in the respective test and control bottles (with 3,5-dichlorophenol). The EC50 and other effective concentrations are calculated from plots of percentage inhibition against the concentration of the test chemicals or, more usually, its logarithm.
This report assesses the implications of climate change on winter tourism and natural hazards management in the European Alps, with a particular focus on how these activities can adapt to climate change. The report presents the first systematic cross-country analysis of the effects of climate change on snow-reliability in the European Alps. It also examines the implications of climate change for a range of natural hazards prevalent in the Alps, with a particular focus on frameworks and financial mechanisms to manage natural hazards in three countries: France, Switzerland and Austria. Technological and behavioural adaptation measures, together with institutional structures and risk transfer mechanisms, are also reviewed.
This report analyses selected public expenditure programmes supporting environmental investments in water supply and wastewater treatment infrastructure in four OECD countries: Austria, Belgium (the Region of Flanders), France and Germany. These programmes have been selected as they involve different approaches to managing public expenditure for water investments. The study focuses on mechanisms for managing government assistance at both national (Austria) and sub-national (Belgium, France, Germany) levels. In selecting the case studies, special attention has been given to the relevance of the expenditure programmes in their national environment and economic policy regimes as well as the potential for replication of good practices in transition economies.
Despite significant efforts on the part of some countries, transport CO2 emissions have increased steadily over the last ten years. This report reviews the progress OECD and ECMT countries have made in reducing transport sector CO2 emissions and makes recommendations for the focus of future policies. It includes detailed country-by country information on measures adopted and transport sector emissions for the period 1990 - 2003.