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This publication reflects the views of the IEA Secretariat but does not necessarily reflect those of individual IEA member countries. The IEA makes no representation or warranty, express or implied, in respect of the publication’s contents (including its completeness or accuracy) and shall not be responsible for any use of, or reliance on, the publication.
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Given their sheer magnitude, the payments made by companies for the purchase of oil, gas and minerals from governments or state-owned enterprises are of significant public interest. However, only a few commodity trading companies regularly publicly disclose information in respect of their payments to governments for the purchase of these publicly-owned commodities. This report makes a case for the development of a common global standard on transparency of payments that trading hubs, home governments and industry associations can use to ensure consistency, comparability and usability of data, building on the 2019 EITI Standard. Complementary measures by host governments and SOEs are necessary to set shared expectations across jurisdictions, including in producing countries. These include the adoption of disclosure policies as well as the inclusion of disclosure obligations in commodity sales contracts to set clear expectations on transparency of payments, and avoid potential conflicting requirements and bilateral negotiations.
The world’s largest gas producer and exporter, Russia has an enormous energy saving potential. At least 30 billion cubic meters – a fifth of Russian exports to European OECD countries -- could be saved every year by enhanced technology or energy efficiency. As the era of cheap gas in Russia comes to an end, this potential saving is increasingly important for Russians and importing countries. This book analyses and estimates the potential savings and the associated reductions in greenhouse gas emissions that could be achieved in the oil extraction (flaring), gas transmission and distribution sectors. It also describes Russia’s emerging climate policy and institutional framework, including work still ahead before the country is eligible for the Kyoto Protocol’s flexibility mechanisms and can attract financing for greenhouse gas reductions.
Hydrogen and carbon capture, utilisation, and storage (CCUS) are set to play important and complementary roles in meeting People’s Republic of China’s (hereafter, “China”) pledge to peak carbon dioxide emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. Hydrogen could contribute to China’s energy system decarbonisation strategy, such as through the use as a fuel and feedstock in industrial processes; in fuel cell electric transport, and for the production of synthetic hydrocarbon fuels for shipping and aviation. The analysis of scenarios in this report suggests that while hydrogen from renewable power electrolysis could meet the majority of hydrogen demand by 2060, equipping existing hydrogen production facilities with CCUS could be a complementary strategy to reduce emissions and scale-up low-emission hydrogen supply.
This report was produced in collaboration with the Administrative Centre for China’s Agenda 21 (ACCA21). It explores today’s hydrogen and CCUS status in China, and the potential evolution of hydrogen demand in various sectors of the Chinese economy through 2060, in light of scenarios developed independently by the IEA and the China Hydrogen Alliance. The report also provides a comparative assessment of the economic performance and life cycle emissions of different hydrogen production routes. Finally, the report discusses potential synergies and regional opportunities in deploying CCUS and hydrogen, and identifies financing mechanisms and supporting policies required to enable the deployment of hydrogen production with CCUS in China.
This publication provides up-to-date, detailed quarterly statistics on oil, coal, natural gas and electricity for the OECD countries.
Oil statistics cover production, trade, refinery intake and output, stock changes and consumption for crude oil, NGL and nine selected oil product groups. Statistics for electricity, natural gas and hard coal and brown coal show supply and trade. Import and export data are reported by source and origin.
Moreover, oil and hard coal production are reported on a worldwide basis.
This publication provides up-to-date, detailed quarterly statistics on oil, coal, natural gas and electricity for the OECD countries.
Oil statistics cover production, trade, refinery intake and output, stock changes and consumption for crude oil, NGL and nine selected oil product groups. Statistics for electricity, natural gas and hard coal and brown coal show supply and trade. Import and export data are reported by source and origin.
Moreover, oil and hard coal production are reported on a worldwide basis.
This publication provides up-to-date, detailed quarterly statistics on oil, coal, natural gas and electricity for the OECD countries.
Oil statistics cover production, trade, refinery intake and output, stock changes and consumption for crude oil, NGL and nine selected oil product groups. Statistics for electricity, natural gas and hard coal and brown coal show supply and trade. Import and export data are reported by source and origin.
Moreover, oil and hard coal production are reported on a worldwide basis.
This publication provides up-to-date, detailed quarterly statistics on oil, coal, natural gas and electricity for the OECD countries.
Oil statistics cover production, trade, refinery intake and output, stock changes and consumption for crude oil, NGL and nine selected oil product groups. Statistics for electricity, natural gas and hard coal and brown coal show supply and trade. Import and export data are reported by source and origin.
Moreover, oil and hard coal production are reported on a worldwide basis.
This publication provides up-to-date, detailed quarterly statistics on oil, coal, natural gas and electricity for the OECD countries.
Oil statistics cover production, trade, refinery intake and output, stock changes and consumption for crude oil, NGL and nine selected oil product groups. Statistics for electricity, natural gas and hard coal and brown coal show supply and trade. Import and export data are reported by source and origin.
Moreover, oil and hard coal production are reported on a worldwide basis.
This publication provides up-to-date, detailed quarterly statistics on oil, coal, natural gas and electricity for the OECD countries.
Oil statistics cover production, trade, refinery intake and output, stock changes and consumption for crude oil, NGL and nine selected oil product groups. Statistics for electricity, natural gas and hard coal and brown coal show supply and trade. Import and export data are reported by source and origin.
Moreover, oil and hard coal production are reported on a worldwide basis.
This publication provides up-to-date, detailed quarterly statistics on oil, coal, natural gas and electricity for the OECD countries.
Oil statistics cover production, trade, refinery intake and output, stock changes and consumption for crude oil, NGL and nine selected oil product groups. Statistics for electricity, natural gas and hard coal and brown coal show supply and trade. Import and export data are reported by source and origin.
Moreover, oil and hard coal production are reported on a worldwide basis.
This publication provides up-to-date, detailed quarterly statistics on oil, coal, natural gas and electricity for the OECD countries.
Oil statistics cover production, trade, refinery intake and output, stock changes and consumption for crude oil, NGL and nine selected oil product groups. Statistics for electricity, natural gas and hard coal and brown coal show supply and trade. Import and export data are reported by source and origin. Moreover, oil and hard coal production are reported on a worldwide basis.
This publication provides up-to-date, detailed quarterly statistics on oil, coal, natural gas and electricity for the OECD countries.
Oil statistics cover production, trade, refinery intake and output, stock changes and consumption for crude oil, NGL and nine selected oil product groups. Statistics for electricity, natural gas and hard coal and brown coal show supply and trade. Import and export data are reported by source and origin. Moreover, oil and hard coal production are reported on a worldwide basis.
When Hurricane Katrina hit the Gulf of Mexico in 2005, the region’s oil production and refining infrastructure was devastated and world energy markets were disrupted. The International Energy Agency decided in a matter of days to bring 60 million barrels of additional oil to the market. The emergency response system worked – the collective action helped to stabilise global markets. This book describes the oil emergency response systems of IEA countries and assesses how well prepared the IEA is to deal with an oil supply disruption.
Every five years, the International Energy Agency publishes an exhaustive report on its Member countries’ preparations to respond to major oil supply disruptions. This review, the first since 1996, finds strong legislative frameworks and administrative structures in each IEA country. Most countries have oil stocks well above the 90 days of net oil imports to which they are committed. IEA countries also have viable demand restraint programmes. Weaknesses in national programmes have been identified and will be corrected. The review provides a complete overview of emergency response potential agency-wide. It also contains detailed country-by-country analyses for 28 countries, including the Czech Republic, the newest IEA member, and the candidate countries Poland, Korea and the Slovak Republic. In each case, an assessment is made of the main emergency response measures, including stockdraw, demand restraint, fuel switching, extra oil production and the sharing of oil supplies. A separate section presents the legislative and regulatory texts underlying each country programme. The IEA was founded in 1974 following the oil shock of 1973. Its main initial objective was to ensure an effective response to any further oil disruption. While much has changed in 26 years, safeguarding the energy security of its Members remains a core mission for the Agency.
Oil Information is a comprehensive reference book on current developments in oil supply and demand. This publication contains key data on world production, trade, prices and consumption of major oil product groups, with time series back to the early 1970s. Its core consists of a detailed and comprehensive picture of oil supply, demand, trade, production and consumption by end-user for each OECD country individually and for the OECD regions. Trade data are reported extensively by origin and destination.
Oil Information is one of a series of annual IEA statistical publications on major energy sources; other reports are Coal Information, Electricity Information, Natural Gas Information and Renewables Information.