Browse by: "2016"

This 2016 edition of the OECD Employment Outlook provides an in-depth review of recent labour market trends and short-term prospects in OECD countries. Chapter 1 examines recent labour market developments, with a special focus on vulnerable youth who are neither working nor in education or training. The size of this group has grown in recent years in many OECD countries and governments will need to take vigorous policy measures if they are to meet the target, recently adopted by G20 governments, of reducing the share of youth who are vulnerable by 15% by 2025. Chapter 2 considers skills use at work: are countries doing enough to assure that workers are able to make full use of their skills on the job? Chapter 3 looks at the short-term effects of structural reforms on employment and identifies successful strategies for reducing transition costs. Chapter 4 looks at how to close the labour market gender gap in emerging economies, proposing a comprehensive policy response to the problem. The Outlook’s analysis and recommendations are complemented by a statistical annex.

The Productivity-Inclusiveness Nexus proposes a new approach to boost productivity growth while, at the same time, reducing inequalities of income and opportunities. The report begins by examining the trend slowdown of productivity growth, which has been observed in many OECD countries over recent years, and the longer-standing rise - and persistence - of inequalities of income, wealth, well-being and opportunities. It then gathers the most recent empirical evidence on some of the common foundations behind these trends and considers possible linkages. The analysis aims to shed light on policy insights to address both issues together, creating room for synergies and win-win policies.

The OECD series Recruiting Immigrant Workers comprises country studies of labour migration policies. Each volume analyses whether migration policy is being used effectively and efficiently to help meet labour needs, without adverse effects on labour markets. It focuses mainly on regulated labour migration movements over which policy has immediate and direct oversight. This particular volume looks at the efficiency of European Union instruments for managing labour migration.

Cette publication phare annuelle contient des informations détaillées sur les impôts payés sur les salaires dans les pays de l’OCDE. Elle couvre les impôts sur le revenu et les cotisations salariales de sécurité sociale payés par les salariés, les cotisations de sécurité sociale et taxes sur les salaires versées par leurs employeurs, et les transferts en espèces perçus par les ménages qui exercent un emploi. L’objectif est de montrer comment ces taxes et prestations sont calculées dans chaque pays membre et d’examiner leurs impacts sur le revenu des ménages. Les résultats permettent aussi de faire des comparaisons internationales quantitatives des coûts de main-d’œuvre et de la situation globale vis-à-vis de l’impôt et des prestations des célibataires et des familles à différents niveaux de revenus. Cette publication indique le montant de l’impôt sur le revenu et des cotisations de sécurité sociale versés, ainsi que des prestations en espèces reçues par huit types de ménages représentatifs dont la composition et le niveau du salaire diffèrent. Elle présente également les taux d’imposition qui en résultent (la pression fiscale) : les taux moyens d’imposition (qui mettent en évidence le pourcentage de la rémunération brute ou des coûts totaux de main d’œuvre représenté par les impôts et les prélèvements sociaux, avant et après transferts en espèces) ; et les taux marginaux d’imposition (qui correspondent à la partie d’une augmentation minime de la rémunération brute ou des coûts totaux de main d’œuvre reversée sous la forme d’impôts).

This annual flagship publication provides details of taxes paid on wages in OECD countries.  It covers: personal income taxes and employee contributions paid by employees, social security contributions and payroll taxes paid by employers, and cash benefits received by in-work families. It illustrates how these taxes and benefits are calculated in each member country and examines how they have an impact on household incomes. The results also enable quantitative cross-country comparisons of labour cost levels and the overall tax and benefit position of single persons and families on different levels of earnings.
The publication shows the amounts of taxes and social security contributions levied and cash benefits received for eight different family types, which vary by a combination of household composition and household type.  It also presents: the resulting average and marginal tax rates (that is, the tax burden); the average tax rates (showing the part of gross wage earnings or total labour costs taken in tax and social security contributions, both before and after cash benefits); and the marginal tax rates (showing the part of a small increase of gross earnings or total labour costs that is paid in these levies).

Job displacement (involuntary job loss due to firm closure or downsizing) affects many workers over their lifetime. Displaced workers may face long periods of unemployment and, even when they find new jobs, tend to be paid less and have fewer benefits than in their prior jobs. Helping them get back into good jobs quickly should be a key goal of labour market policy. This report is the fourth in a series of reports looking at how this challenge is being tackled in a number of OECD countries. It shows that many displaced workers get new jobs relatively quickly in Australia, mostly thanks to a flexible and dynamic labour market. A small minority of displaced workers receive special support via the labour adjustment programmes, but some displaced workers who would need specific assistance, in particular in the older worker and/or low-educated groups, do not get sufficient support or only too late. There is room to improve policies by moving away from the current sectoral approach to special assistance programmes for workers collectively dismissed, towards an approach covering all sectors of the economy, with the intensity of intervention tailored to the circumstances and needs of the displaced workers. Expanding the training component for displaced workers and making use of skills assessment and training to better target the training and enhance its effectiveness would also help displaced workers transition to sustainable jobs of a certain quality.

Latvia has undergone major economic and social change since the early 1990s. Despite an exceptionally deep recession following the global financial crisis, impressive economic growth over the past two decades has narrowed income and productivity gaps relative to comparator countries in the OECD. But Latvians report low degrees of life satisfaction, very large numbers of Latvians have left the country, and growth has not been inclusive. A volatile economy and very large income disparities create pressing needs for more effective social and labour-market policies. The government’s reform programme rightly acknowledges inequality as a key challenge. However, without sustained policy efforts and adequate resources, there is a risk that productivity and income growth could remain below potential and social cohesion could be further weakened by high or rising inequality.

Pallier la pénurie d'entrepreneurs 2015 est la troisième publication de la série de rapports annuels qui fournissent des données et une analyse des politiques sur l’entreprenariat inclusif. L’entreprenariat inclusif comprend le marché des start-ups et le travail indépendant qui contribuent à l’inclusion sociale et aussi à la croissance économique, ainsi que les activités d'entrepreneuriat par les groupes sociaux tels que les jeunes, les femmes, les seniors, les immigrés et les chômeurs. Le rapport contient des données sur l'ampleur et la portée des activités d'entreprenariat et du travail indépendant dans les pays de l’Union européenne par les groupes sociaux ciblés, ainsi que les obstacles auxquels ils sont confrontés. Chaque chapitre thématique traite des problèmes et des défis politiques actuels, et fournit des recommandations pour les responsables politiques de l’Union européenne. Le rapport fournit également des exemples inspirants sur les pratiques de bonnes politiques de chacun des 28 membres de l’Union européenne.

„Die fehlenden Unternehmer 2015" ist die dritte Ausgabe einer Reihe von Jahresberichten mit Daten und Politikanalysen zum Thema inklusives Unternehmertum. Inklusives Unternehmertum meint in diesem Zusammenhang Unternehmensneugründungen sowie selbstständige Tätigkeiten, die zur sozialen Inklusion sowie zu wirtschaftlichem Wachstum beitragen, einschließlich unternehmerischer Betätigung von jungen Menschen, Frauen, älteren Erwerbstätigen und Rentnern, sowie Zuwanderern und Arbeitslosen. Der vorliegende Bericht bietet Daten zu Ausmaß und Umfang von Unternehmertum und selbstständigen Tätigkeiten innerhalb der EU Mitgliedsstaaten und entlang dieser sozialen Zielgruppen, sowie zu den speziellen Herausforderungen, denen diese Gruppen gegenüberstehen. Diese Ausgabe beinhaltet zudem Fachkapitel zur Förderung von Unternehmertum benachteiligter oder unterrepräsentierter Gruppen, deren effektive Beratung und Betreuung, sowie zur Rolle von öffentlicher Auftragsvergabe in Hinblick auf die Förderung von inklusivem Unternehmertum. Jedes Fachkapitel bietet einen Überblick über aktuelle Politikdebatten und Herausforderungen, und formuliert im Anschluss Empfehlungen an EU Entscheidungsträger. Besondere Inspiration bieten die vorgestellten bewährten Vorgehensweisen aus jedem der 28 Mitgliedsstaaten der Europäischen Union.

L'édition annuelle des Statistiques de la population active fournit des statistiques détaillées sur la population, la population active, l'emploi et le chômage, décomposées par sexe, situation dans la profession et secteur d'activité; il y a aussi des séries sur la durée du chômage et le travail à temps partiel. Pour chaque pays, les taux d'activité et de chômage sont ventilés par sexe et tranche d'âge. Des tableaux comparatifs permettent d'analyser les principales composantes de la population active. Les données y sont disponibles pour chaque pays Membre de l'OCDE et pour OCDE-Total, Zone euro et l'Union Européenne . Les séries chronologiques présentées sont disponibles sur dix ans pour la plupart des pays. Cette édition comprend également des informations sur les sources et définitions qu'utilisent les pays Membres pour compiler ces statistiques.

This annual edition of Labour Force Statistics provides detailed statistics on population, labour force, employment and unemployment, broken down by gender, as well as unemployment duration, employment status, employment by sector of activity and part-time employment. It also contains participation and unemployment rates by gender and detailed age groups as well as comparative tables for the main components of the labour force. Data are available for each OECD Member country and for OECD-Total, Euro area and European Union. The time series presented in the publication cover 10 years for most countries. It also provides information on the sources and definitions used by Member countries in the compilation of those statistics.

Public Employment Services vary widely across the world in terms of history, structures and capacities, as well as the national labor market context in which they operate. In order to meet the demands of the new world of work, comparability will be crucial to align priorities and adapt methods of operation. This publication provides a wide range of indicators for comparing the operational and institutional characteristics of 73 Public Employment Services in 71 countries around the world. It also provides forward looking analysis on four key issues: matching skills for the life cycle, strategic multichannel service delivery, institutional capacity, and governance mechanisms.

Colombia has made major economic and social advances in recent years. The combination of strong economic growth and policies targeted at the most vulnerable groups improved considerably the living standards of the Colombian population. Today, the country enjoys higher employment and labour force participation rates than the average of OECD countries and unemployment is steadily declining. Nevertheless, despite these positive trends, deep structural problems remain. Labour informality is widespread, the rate of self-employment is high and many employees have non-regular contracts. Income inequality is higher than in any OECD country and redistribution through taxes and benefits is almost negligible. In addition, half a century of internal conflict and violence has displaced a significant part of the population, and many of them are living in extreme poverty. Despite considerable progress, violence continues to be a challenge and also affects trade union members and leaders. The Colombian Government has undertaken important reforms in recent years to address these labour market and social challenges, and the efforts are gradually paying off. However, further progress is needed to enhance the quality of jobs and well-being for all. The main trust of this report is to support the Colombian Government in tackling labour market duality, generate trust between the social partners, develop inclusive and active social policies, and get the most out of international migration.