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This brochure is published within the framework of the activities of the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables set up by OECD in 1962. It comprises comments and illustrations to facilitate the common interpretation of standards in force and is therefore a valuable tool for both the Inspection Authorities and professional bodies responsible for the application of standards or interested in the international trade in these products.
To function and prosper in the learning society, the management of knowledge is becoming a new and crucial challenge for both private companies and public organisations. It is increasingly important for companies and organisations to produce, share and use knowledge on a national and global scale. However, there is an urgent need for analysis of the knowledge economy both at the micro- and macro economic level in order to understand its characteristics and dynamics, and to identify the most appropriate routes for policy development. Little is known on how sectors and organisations could use knowledge more efficiently and how to benchmark organisations as learning organisations. This book is an ambitious attempt to address these issues through a better understanding of knowledge and learning processes at a sectorial level. It analyses and compares concretely the processes of knowledge production, dissemination and use in the engineering, the information and communication technology, the health and the education sectors.
Governments urgently need better knowledge bases for determining educational policy and practice in an increasingly interconnected world. The rate, quality and success in knowledge creation, mediation and application are relatively low in the education sector compared with other sectors. Unlike sectors such as medicine and engineering, education has not yet seen continuous and clear improvements due to technical and organisational advances. The book makes a strong plea for strengthening the knowledge management at every level of the education system.
As an input to Korea's efforts to revise the country's development strategy, the OECD and the World Bank have prepared a joint review of the challenges confronting Korea in its transition to a knowledge-based economy. The report proposes a four-pronged framework which will empower Korea to effectively tap into technology advances and the growing stock of knowledge: 1. An economic and institutional regime that provides incentives for the efficient use of existing knowledge, for the creation of new knowledge, for the dismantling of obsolete activities and for the start-up of more efficient new ones. 2. An educated and entrepreneurial population that can both create and use new knowledge. 3. A dynamic information infrastructure that can facilitate effective communication, dissemination and processing of information. 4. An efficient innovation system comprising firms, science and research centers, universities, think tanks, consultants and other organizations that can interact and tap into the growing stock of global knowledge; assimilate and adapt it to local needs; and use it to create new knowledge and technology.
The report addresses additional challenges with respect to the development of knowledge-based activities, and of setting up an overall framework for the design and implementation of more consistent policies conducive to the knowledge-based economy.
Knowledge and Skills for Life assesses how far students near the end of compulsory education (15-year-olds) have acquired some of the knowledge and skills that are essential for full participation in society. It presents evidence on student performance in reading, mathematical and scientific literacy, reveals factors that influence the development of these skills at home and at school, and examines what the implications are for policy development.
The report shows considerable variation in levels of knowledge and skills between students, schools and countries. The extent to which the socio-economic background of students and schools affects student performance varies. Some countries have managed to mitigate the influence of social background and some have done that while achieving a high overall mean performance.
A Winner of the 2001 Awards for Notable Government Documents conferred by the American Library Association/Library Journal
A clear dichotomy exists between an European economy centred on international trade and the environmental damage to which this focus gives rise. There is a need for a novel approach based on a shift away from the goal of ever-faster travel and ever-greater time savings, and the adoption of a different concept of accessibility. Will the 2000s see the emergence of a new way of thinking?
These and other topical issues were the subject of the ECMT’s 15th International Symposium. Are we likely to see a decoupling of economic growth from transport growth? In designing future transport systems, will the pendulum swing away from the criterion of efficiency towards greater concern for equity and the environment ?
This book reproduces the 17 introductory reports presented at the Symposium, together with a summary of the discussions on the three main topics: scenarios and forecasts; transforming structures and trends in technology; peripherality and pan-European integration. It highlights the key ideas to emerge from the final Round Table on "Efficiency, Equity and the Environment in Transport: Experience and Prospects", reviews the issues facing the transport sector in the coming years and sets out policy recommendations for meeting the challenges of the 2000s.
This book outlines the progress that has been made in the last twenty years, as well as the need for ongoing change. It provides the latest statistics on children’s injuries, fatalities and trends in transport. It examines the most effective current strategies, identifies areas for improvement and makes a series of policy-related recommendations for improving children’s road safety.
Earthquake-prone communities need earthquake-resistant schools. In 2002, a primary school in San Giuliano, Italy, collapsed killing 29 children and one teacher. In May 2003, a medium-sized earthquake in the city of Bingöl, Turkey, caused the collapse of three new schools and a dormitory, killing many children as they slept. All too frequently, earthquakes cause the collapse of school buildings and the injury and death of staff and students. Further, when schools are closed because of earthquake damage, education is hampered, community life disrupted, and potential emergency shelters unavailable. Where school attendance is compulsory, communities have an obligation to provide a safe study and work environment.
Why do schools collapse even during moderate earthquakes? Experts agree that many collapse due to avoidable errors in design and construction. Often, the needed technology is not applied and laws and regulations are not sufficiently enforced. Application of existing knowledge can significantly lower the seismic risk of schools and help prevent further injury and death of school occupants during earthquakes. Moreover, this can be accomplished at reasonable cost and within a reasonable period.
Keeping Schools Safe in Earthquakes presents expert knowledge, opinions and experiences, and provides valuable insight into the scope of problems involved in protecting schools and their occupants. Its recommendations are a call to action to all governments in OECD and partner countries to help facilitate their implementation.
In der Studie werden die grundlegenden Fragen angesprochen, die für die Kernenergiedebatte heute von Bedeutung sind. Es werden wissenschaftliche und technologische Grundlagen ausgearbeitet sowie Fakten und offene Fragen im Zusammenhang mit der Behandlung radioaktiver Abfälle, der kerntechnischen Sicherheit, dem Strahlenschutz, der Wirtschaftlichkeit sowie dem internationalen Atomrecht und der Nichtverbreitung von Kernwaffen behandelt. Es wird die Kernenergie im Kontext der nachhaltigen Entwicklung betrachtet und auch auf das Potenzial neuer Kernenergie-Technologien eingegangen.
Diese Veröffentlichung enthält die erste systematische länderübergreifende Analyse der Schneesicherheit der alpinen Skigebiete im Kontext des Klimawandels für fünf Länder der Region: Frankreich, Schweiz, Österreich, Italien und Deutschland. Sie untersucht die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels im Hinblick auf eine Reihe in den Alpen bereits existierender Naturgefahren, wobei der Schwerpunkt insbesondere auf den Rahmenbedingungen und Finanzierungsmechanismen für das Naturgefahrenmanagement in drei Ländern liegt: Frankreich, Schweiz und Österreich. Auch die technologischen und verhaltensbezogenen Anpassungsmaßnahmen sind, gemeinsam mit den institutionellen Strukturen und Risikotransfermechanismen, Gegenstand der Untersuchung.
Die Implikationen dieser Beurteilung betreffen nicht nur die Alpen, sondern auch andere Gebirgssysteme, in denen sich ähnliche klimatische und kontextuelle Herausforderungen stellen, wie z.B. in Nordamerika, Australien und Neuseeland. Der Fall der Alpen mit ihrer hohen Anpassungskapazität bietet Beispiele guter Praxis, die nicht nur im Kontext anderer Industriestaaten, sondern auch von Entwicklungsländern wertvoll sind.
Under which it proliferates. They know first hand that corruption jeopardizes security and economic growth, perpetuates poverty, and exacerbates social inequities. The knowledge has prompted the governments of more than half the world's population to commit to working together to fight corruption under the umbrella of the Asian Development Bank (ADB)/Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Anti-Corruption Initiative for Asia and the Pacific. Civil society and the business community have joined them in this commitment, and together, the 25 member countries of the ADB/OECD Anti-Corruption Initiative for Asia and the Pacific are taking action against corruption in Asia and the Pacific.
Published within the framework of the OECD Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables, this binder presents comments and illustrations to facilitate the interpretation of standards in force and is a valuable tool for both the inspection authorities and professional bodies responsible for the application of standards or interested in the international trade in this product.
Statistics from the IEA contains timely, clearly-presented data on the supply, transformation and consumption of all major energy sources. The interested businessman, journalist or student will have at his or her fingertips the annual Canadian production of coal, the electricity consumption in Thailand, the price of diesel oil in Spain and thousands of other useful energy facts. Gathering and analysing statistics is one of the important IEA functions.
The International Energy Agency's handy, pocket-sized annual publication showing key worldwide energy statistics.
Around the OECD countries and beyond, there is a proliferation of initiatives in the life sciences to bring together disperse elements of global research and establish an effective virtual infrastructure for open innovation. Their common goal is to leverage innovative capacity by creating interconnected webs of knowledge and exploiting external expertise.
Some such initiatives have as their goal the monetisation and trading of knowledge in the form of intellectual assets. Others seek to create networks for pooling and exchange of knowledge. Together, these initiatives can be referred to as “knowledge networks and markets” (KNMs). This report considers the development of such KNMs and examines the impact of current initiatives and the possible options for governments, working with the private sector, to improve innovation efficiency and effectiveness.
Improving the interoperability of knowledge resources is fundamental to the creation of a necessary shared infrastructure for efficient KNM to emerge, as is related sustainable funding and policy clarity. Governments can play a vital catalytic role in improving the productivity of KNMs through such infrastructure development and encouragement of associated social networking. the report makes suggestions for some priority actions based on existing case studies.
Key World Energy Statistics from the IEA contains timely, clearly-presented data on the supply, transformation and consumption of all major energy sources.
Key World Energy Statistics from the IEA contains timely, clearly-presented data on the supply, transformation and consumption of all major energy sources.
Vzdelávanie a starostlivosť v ranom detstve (VSRD) môžu byť prínosné v širokej škále aspektov – pre deti, ich rodičov aj spoločnosť ako takú. Všetky tieto prínosy však závisia od kvality VSRD. Širšie sprístupnenie služieb bez ohľadu na kvalitu neprinesie z pohľadu dlhodobého zvýšenia produktivity práce nič dobré deťom ani spoločnosti.
Toto vydanie správ špecifických pre jednotlivé krajiny sa zameriava na otázky súvisiace s kvalitou. Každá správa sa zaoberá konkrétnou témou, ktorú si zvolila samotná skúmaná krajina. Správy poukazujú na silné stránky a upozorňujú na oblasti, na ktoré by sa mali zamerať úvahy o iniciatívach v rámci súčasných politík.