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This book provides an overview of the key challenges currently faced in Germany and OECD's main policy recommendations to address them. Drawing on the OECD’s expertise in comparing country experiences and identifying best practices, the book tailors the OECD’s policy advice to the specific and timely priorities of Germany, focusing on how its government can make reform happen.
A partir de los Principios de la OCDE para fortalecer la integridad en la contratación pública (2008) y las buenas prácticas de organizaciones similares en otros países de la OCDE, el estudio aporta una evaluación integral de las estrategias, los sistemas y los processos de adquisición del IMSS, y se propone una hoja de ruta para la reforma de su función de adquisiciones.
This book presents the findings of the OECD Development Assistance Committee's reviews of the individual development co-operation efforts Switzerland for 2013. It examines the development co-operation policies and programmes and performance of Switzerland, and examines both policy and implementation. It takse an integrated, system-wide perspective on the development co-operation and humanitarian assistance activities of the member under review.
This first volume of PISA 2012 results summarises the performance of students in PISA 2012. It describes how performance is defined, measured and reported, and then provides results from the assessment, showing what students are able to do in mathematics. After a summary of mathematics performance, it examines the ways in which this performance varies on subscales representing different aspects of mathematics literacy. Given that any comparison of the outcomes of education systems needs to take into consideration countries’ social and economic circumstances, and the resources they devote to education, the volume also presents the results within countries’ economic and social contexts. In addition, the volume examines the relationship between the frequency and intensity of students’ exposure to subject content in school, what is known as “opportunity to learn”, and student performance. The volume concludes with a description of student results in reading and science. Trends in student performance in mathematics between 2003 and 2012, in reading between 2000 and 2012, and in science between 2006 and 2012 are examined when comparable data are available. Throughout the volume, case studies examine in greater detail the policy reforms adopted by countries that have improved in PISA.
Green skills, that is, skills needed in a low-carbon economy, will be required in all sectors and at all levels in the workforce as emerging economic activities create new (or renewed) occupations. Structural changes will realign sectors that are likely to decline as a result of the greening of the economy and workers will need to be retrained accordingly. The successful transition to a low-carbon economy will only be possible if workers can flexibly adapt and transfer from areas of decreasing employment to new industries. This report suggests that the role of skills and education and training policies should be an important component of the ecological transformation process.
L’enquête PISA 2012, dont le domaine majeur d’évaluation est la culture mathématique, mais qui évalue aussi les performances des élèves en compréhension de l'écrit et en sciences, a évalué la capacité des jeunes âgés de 15 ans à se livrer à des raisonnements mathématiques et à utiliser des concepts, procédures, faits et outils pour décrire, expliquer et prévoir des phénomènes, et se comporter en citoyens constructifs, engagés et réfléchis, c’est-à-dire poser des jugements et prendre des décisions en toute connaissance de cause. Ce livre récapitule les résultats.
This book provides an overview of the key challenges currently faced in the Euro Area and OECD's main policy recommendations to address them. Drawing on the OECD’s expertise in comparing country experiences and identifying best practices, the book tailors the OECD’s policy advice to the specific and timely priorities of the Euro Area, focusing on how its government can make reform happen.
Il est indispensable de bien comprendre les facteurs qui influencent les décisions des individus à l’égard de l'environnement si l’on veut élaborer des stratégies de croissance qui favorisent des modes de vie plus « verts ». Les récents travaux menés par l'OCDE à partir d’enquêtes périodiques auprès de plus de 10 000 ménages dans un certain nombre de pays et de domaines représentent un progrès décisif pour autant qu'ils apportent de nouveaux éclairages sur les mesures réellement efficaces.
Cette publication présente une synthèse des données issues de la dernière enquête en date, axée sur cinq domaines (énergie, alimentation, transport, déchets et eau) et réalisée dans onze pays : Australie, Canada, Chili, Corée, Espagne, France, Israël, Japon, Pays-Bas, Suède et Suisse.
La nouvelle enquête confirme l’importance de fournir les bonnes motivations pour influer sur nos décisions. Les résultats indiquent que les mesures telles que l’étiquetage et les campagnes d’information publique ont aussi un rôle significatif et complémentaire à jouer. Inciter un changement favorable de comportement demande un mélange de ces instruments.
Skills are central to Norway’s future prosperity and the well-being of its people. This diagnostic report identifies 12 skills challenges for Norway which were distilled from a series of interactive diagnostic workshops held in the course of 2013 with a wide range of stakeholders in Oslo, Buskerud County and Nordland County.
The OECD Skills Strategy Diagnostic Report: Norway draws upon a wide range of OECD comparative data and analysis to illustrate each skills challenge and offers insights from the experience of other countries in tackling similar skills challenges. The first nine skills challenges refer to specific outcomes across the three pillars of developing, activating and using skills. The last three skills challenges refer to the “enabling” conditions which strengthen the overall skills system.
The work undertaken by the Greek authorities in recent years to reinforce competition law and the Hellenic Competition Commission, to simplify business administration and to liberalise professional services have demonstrated the political willingness to address the problem of existing regulatory barriers to competition that have contributed to holding back the economic recovery.
The OECD Competition Assessment Project, through the scrutiny of legislation in four sectors of the Greek economy, food processing, retail trade, building materials and tourism, has identified 336 areas where particular reform can be undertaken, from a total of 539 provisions that were selected using the OECD Competition Assessment Toolkit.
If our recommendations are implemented, benefits to consumers in Greece and to the Greek economy should arise in all four sectors. Throughout this report, we seek to identify the sources of those benefits and where possible provide quantitative estimates. Estimates are made on the basis of experiences of deregulation in other countries in some instances, or by relating conservative estimates of efficiency gains to the overall size of the business activity affected.
점점 다양해지는 사회는 우리 교육에 어떤 의미가 있는가? 세계 경제 파워가 새로운 국가로 이전되는 현상은 어떠한가? 변화하는 직업 세계에서 어떤 방식으로 스킬이 요구되는가? 교육에 영향을 주는 글로벌 동향 2013은 주로 OECD, 세계은행 및 유엔을 통한 양질의 국제 자료에 기반한 것이다. 차트 는 다양한 링크를 포함하여 독자가 원본 데이터에 액세스할 수 있도록 했다. 본 간행물에서 제시된 트렌드는 5개의 광범 위한 주제로 구성되며 각 장에는 “자세히 알아보기” 섹션이 있다. 교육에 영향을 주는 글로벌 동향 2013은 이전 버전보다 많은 업데이트가 이루어졌고 다루는 범위도 방대해졌다. 브라질, 중국, 인도, 러시아 연방과 같은 신흥 경제국에 초점을 맞추었고 그 외 새로운 국가들에 대한 내용도 포함된다. 오늘날 우리 사회와 교실이 직면한 주요 문제를 다루고 보안, 스킬 및 신흥 기술에 대한 새로운 지표와 주제도 광범위하게 포함 된다.
본 간행물은 신뢰할 수 있는 비전문가용 자료를 제시하여 정책 전문가, 연구원, 교육계 리더, 관리자 및 교사들에게 학교 나 대학교에서 또는 노인을 위한 교육 프로그램에서 교육계가 처한 문제에 대한 생각을 독려하고 전략적 사고를 할 수 있도록 하기 위해 고안되었다. 이번 간행물은 학생뿐만 아니라 학부모를 포함한 다양한 독자층에게도 도움이 될 것이다.
Going for Growth is the OECD’s regular report on structural reforms in policy areas that have been identified as priorities to boost incomes in OECD and major non-OECD countries (Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Russia and South Africa). Policy priorities are updated every two years and presented in a full report, which includes individual country notes with detailed policy recommendations to address the priorities. The next full report will be published in 2015.
This interim report takes stock of the actions taken by governments over the past two years in the policy areas identified as priorities for growth. This stocktaking is supported by internationally comparable indicators that enable countries to assess their economic performance and structural policies in a wide range of areas.
National research systems face an increasingly competitive environment for ideas, talent and funds, and governments have shifted funds from institutional core funding to project funding, often on a competitive basis, or reward success in raising third-party funds in performance-based funding schemes. It is in this context that “research excellence initiatives” (REIs) have emerged. This is an instrument designed to encourage outstanding research by providing large-scale, long-term funding to designated research units. They provide funds for research and research-related measures, such as the improvement or extension of physical infrastructure, the recruitment of outstanding researchers from abroad and researcher training.
This report presents new evidence on how governments steer and fund public research in higher education and public research institutions through REIs. The report can help inform discussions on future government policy directions by providing information on how REIs work and on the functioning and characteristics of institutions that host centres of excellence. The findings show some of the benefits to be gained through REIs and note some pitfalls to be avoided.
This OECD Review of Innovation Policy in Croatia offers a comprehensive assessment of the innovation system of Croatia, focusing on the role of government. It suggests that EU integration opens a window of opportunity for strengthening Croatia's science, technology and innovation systems, and recommends that Croatia improve governance, rebalance the innovation mix and do more to foster business innovation.
Mexico has made several efforts to design and implement a regulatory improvement policy over the past several years. The institutions involved in the better regulation policy have played a key role in enhancing regulatory quality. This includes the Federal Regulatory Improvement Commission (COFEMER), the Ministry of Economy, and the Ministry of Public Administration. Mexico now has two decades of experience in the application of Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA). Over this period, it has continued to expand the scope of RIA, to refine and improve the specific requirements and to invest substantial resources in implementation. Recently, Mexico has adopted the internationally recognised Standard Cost Model, which has brought a renewed impetus across the federal government to reduce administrative burdens generated by formalities. There is also a thriving multi-level regulatory governance programme. As a result, Mexico is currently at a stage where positive results are being obtained. However, this is not the time to slow down; instead, further work should be fostered to step up to a new phase of regulatory quality which embeds an effective and profound regulatory improvement culture across the federal government.
Chile ha tenido mucho éxito en convertir su dotación de recursos naturales en un generador de crecimiento y modernización. Sin embargo, sus regiones mineras, incluyendo Antofagasta, enfrentan el desafío de desarrollar un sector primario extremamente importante de una manera que contribuya tanto al crecimiento económico como a medidas de bienestar más amplias. Las metas de sostenibilidad a largo plazo de Antofagasta incluyen una base económica más diversificada, respaldada por una ciudad que se reconozca y en la que se viva por su alta calidad de vida y las oportunidades que ofrece. Para lograrlo, necesita sacar el máximo provecho de las ventajas naturales de la región, mejorar el atractivo físico de la ciudad y asegurar mejores resultados de política urbana. También requerirá que los actores subnacionales piensen y actúen de manera estratégica e innovadora. Este informe se centra en la diversificación económica, el urbanismo y la gobernanza de la ciudad de Antofagasta. Se consideraron las tendencias económicas y socioeconómicas como aquellas asociadas con el mercado laboral y de competencias, además de factores de calidad de vida; las oportunidades de especialización, diversificación e innovación dentro del cluster minero y más allá, incluyendo su red portuaria; los retos de política urbana especialmente en el uso de la tierra, la gestión de desechos y el transporte público; y el papel de la gobernanza para ayudar a la ciudad a alcanzar sus metas económicas y de calidad de vida.
Contenido
Evaluación y recomendaciones
Capítulo 1. Antofagasta y Chile en el siglo XXI
Capítulo 2. Trayectorias de innovación y estrategias de diversificación en Antofagasta
Capítulo 3. Mejorando los resultados de la política urbana para una mejor calidad de vida en Antofagasta
Capítulo 4. Innovando la gobernanza urbana en Antofagasta
Panorama de la educación. Indicadores de la OCDE es la fuente autorizada de información precisa y relevante sobre el estado de la educación en todo el mundo. Proporciona datos sobre las structuras, la situación económica y el rendimiento de los sistemas en más de 40 países, incluyendo a los países miembros de la OCDE, así como a otros países del G20.
Panorama de la educación incluye más de 100 gráficos, 200 tablas y 100.000 cifras, y ofrece información clave sobre los resultados de las instituciones educativas; el impacto del aprendizaje en los distintos países; los recursos económicos y humanos invertidos en educación; el acceso, la participación y la progresión en la educación, y el entorno de aprendizaje y la organización de los centros escolares.
En la edición de 2013, nuevos indicadores se centran en los siguientes temas:
• los datos más recientes sobre la crisis económica, donde se muestra que la educación sigue siendo la mejor protección frente al desempleo;
• datos más detallados sobre la orientación del programa (general versus profesional) en educación secundaria y terciaria;
• un análisis sobre la relación entre el tipo de empleo (a tiempo completo, a tiempo parcial, a tiempo parcial involuntario) y el nivel educativo alcanzado por las distintas personas;
• una revisión de la relación entre los ámbitos de educación y las tasas de matrícula, las tasas de desempleo y el nivel de ingresos;
• un indicador que muestra cuántos estudiantes que ingresan en un programa de educación terciaria se gradúan en él;
• un indicador sobre la relación entre el nivel educativo alcanzado y dos problemas de salud: obesidad y tabaquismo; y
• datos sobre tendencias de todos los indicadores clave entre 1995 y 2010-2011.
Las hojas de cálculo Excel ® utilizadas para crear las tablas y gráficos en Panorama de la educación están disponibles en Internet mediante los StatLinks incluidos en la publicación.