Browse by: "2005"
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These proceedings of the 16th International Symposium on Theory and Practice in Transport Economics sketch a broad overview of transport economics research since the inception of the ECMT in 1953 and map out the directions for future work. The 22 papers presented cover such topics as transport infrastructure's contribution to economic growth, modal split, competition in the transport sector, the need for a supra-national regulatory authority, charging systems, and environmental sustainability.
This DAC Reference Document draws on donor responses to international terrorism. It is intended to guide the international community and governments in their efforts to address linkages between terrorism and development, and suggests how donor programmes might be designed or adjusted.
Climate policy raises a number of challenges for the energy sector, the most significant being the transition from a high to a low-CO2 energy path in a few decades. Act Locally, Trade Globally seeks to provide a complete picture of the future role of emissions trading in climate policy and the energy sector. It offers an overview of existing trading systems, their mechanisms, and looks into the future of the instrument for limiting greenhouse gas emissions.
Advances in Risk Management of Government Debt is a landmark study about risk management practices of OECD debt managers. Risk management has become an increasingly important tool for achieving strategic debt targets, and is now an integral part of a wider strategic debt management framework based on benchmarks in most jurisdictions. However, this study shows that the extent and sophistication of risk management vary widely across countries.
This study brings together a number of recent reports on best practices for managing market risk, credit risk, operational risk and contingent liability risk. It was prepared by a group of authors from the OECD Working Party on Public Debt Management, and includes case-studies of risk management practices in selected OECD debt markets.
The African Economic Outlook, a joint project of the African Development Bank and the OECD Development Centre, is an annual review of the recent economic situation and the likely short-term evolution of selected African countries.
The analysis is presented on a country-by-country basis using a unique analytical design. This common framework includes a forecasting exercise for the current and the two following years using a simple macroeconomic model, together with an analysis of the social and political context. It also contains a comparative synthesis of African country prospects, placing the evolution of African economies in the world economic context. A statistical appendix completes the volume.
"OECD has prepared a thorough report on the economic situation in Africa."
-Julius Coles, President, Africare
Faced with rapid population ageing and unsustainable pension schemes, OECD countries are looking at ways to encourage labour market participation by older people. This book examines the the situation in Australia by looking at barriers to employment to older workers, assessing adequacy of measures to overcome these barriers, and making policy recommendations for improvement. This book is published in English only, but includes a French translation of the Executive Summary and Recommendations.
In Austria, the proportion of persons aged 65 and over to the working-age population will double to 30% by 2050. Without policy changes, this could lead to higher public expenditures, labour force shortages, and slower economic growth. This report surveys of the main barriers to employment for older workers, assesses of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to overcome these barriers and presents a set of policy recommendations for further action by the public authorities and social partners. It examines the balances between income support and work incentives, methods for encouraging employers to hire and retain workers, and policies for ensuring the employability of older workers.
This report is published in English with a French translation of the Executive Summary and Recommendations.
In Canada, the proportion of persons aged 65 and over to the working-age population will double to 45% by 2050. Without policy changes, this could lead to higher public expenditures, labour force shortages, and slower economic growth. This report surveys of the main barriers to employment for older workers, assesses of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to overcome these barriers and presents a set of policy recommendations for further action by the public authorities and social partners. It examines the balances between income support and work incentives, methods for encouraging employers to hire and retain workers, and policies for ensuring the employability of older workers.
This report, part of a series covering around 21 OECD countries, contains a survey of Denmark's main barriers to employment for older workers, an assessment of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to overcome these barriers, and a set of policy recommendations to further action by public authorities and social partners. These recommendations are designed to alleviate some of the pension and health care pressures governments are facing because of ageing populations.
In France, the proportion of persons aged 65 and over to the working-age population will double to 58% by 2050. Without policy changes, this could lead to higher public expenditures, labour force shortages, and slower economic growth. This report surveys of the main barriers to employment for older workers, assesses of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to overcome these barriers and presents a set of policy recommendations for further action by the public authorities and social partners. It examines the balances between income support and work incentives, methods for encouraging employers to hire and retain workers, and policies for ensuring the employability of older workers.
This report is published in English with a French translation of the Executive Summary and Recommendations.
This report, part of a series covering around 20 OECD countries, contains a survey of Germany's main barriers to employment for older workers, an assessment of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to overcome these barriers, and a set of policy recommendations to further action by public authorities and social partners. These recommendations are designed to alleviate some of the pension and health care pressures governments are facing because of ageing populations.
In the Netherlands, the proportion of persons aged 65 and over to the working-age population will rise to 40% by 2050. Without policy changes, this could lead to higher public expenditures, labour force shortages, and slower economic growth. This report surveys of the main barriers to employment for older workers, assesses of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to overcome these barriers and presents a set of policy recommendations for further action by the public authorities and social partners. It examines the balances between income support and work incentives, methods for encouraging employers to hire and retain workers, and policies for ensuring the employability of older workers.
This report is published in English with a French translation of the Executive Summary and Recommendations.
In the face of rapid population ageing and the trend towards early retirement, there is a need to promote better employment opportunities for older people. This report on the United States, part of a series of around 20 OECD country reports, examines the demographic and economic challenges facing social security as well as the scope for raising labour force participation of older workers. It also looks at barriers to retention and hiring of older workers and measures to improve employability including education and training. This report includes a series of recommendations and is based on the proceedings of a seminar. It is published in English only.
"An excellent report putting retirement in an international perspective."
-John Rother, AARP
This book is a unique source of up-to-date estimates of support to agriculture. Separate chapters describe and evaluate agricultural policy developments in each OECD member, including important developments such as the single payment scheme in EU countries and the introduction of the Canadian Agricultural Income Stabilisation programme. A special chapter examines the implications of the enlarged EU on agricultural production, trade, income, Common Agricultural Policy implementation, and support levels. This edition also includes a special section on agricultural support in four non-OECD EU countries: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Slovenia. The statistical graphs and tables in this book feature StatLinks, URLs to spreadsheets providing the underlying data.
With a view to helping policy analysts and decision makers focus on the development impacts of their policies, this report discusses the extent to which OECD country agricultural and agricultural trade policies are coherent with, and supportive of, the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals, particularly the elimination of extreme poverty and hunger.
Agriculture and Development: The Case for Policy Coherence defines the ‘where’ (country impact), ‘how’ (most damaging forms of support), ‘which’ (commodity aspects) and ‘who’ (household effects) of agricultural policy reform. It treats the effects of four main categories of OECD country agricultural policies: domestic, trade, regulatory, and development co-operation policies. In each case it identifies the implications from the perspective of making agriculture and development policies more coherent.
By providing a survey of the policy coherence dimension in OECD country agricultural policy-making, this report provides the analytical framework that policy makers need to help them weigh their decisions in the light of their countries’ internationally agreed development commitments.
Aid Activities in Asia provides detailed information on individual commitments, i.e. intended disbursements, of foreign aid to Asian countries for the year 2003. This yearly publication records the commitments reported by countries represented in the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) and by multilateral institutions to the CRS Aid Activity database (Creditor Reporting System). For each commitment listed, data are provided on the recipient country, the donor country, the type of aid, the amount committed in US dollars, the purpose description and code, the percentage that is a grant, and whether the commitment has any gender, environmental, or participatory development/good governance aspects.
Aid Activities in CEECs/NIS provides detailed information on individual commitments, i.e. intended disbursements, of foreign aid to CEEC/NIS countries for the year 2003. This yearly publication records the commitments reported by countries represented in the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) and by multilateral institutions to the CRS Aid Activity database (Creditor Reporting System). For each commitment listed, data are provided on the recipient country, the donor country, the type of aid, the amount committed in US dollars, the purpose description and code, the percentage that is a grant, and whether the commitment has any gender, environmental, or participatory development/good governance aspects.
Aid Activities in Europe and Oceania provides detailed information on individual commitments, i.e. intended disbursements, of foreign aid to European and Oceanian countries for the year 2003. This yearly publication records the commitments reported by countries represented in the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) and by multilateral institutions to the CRS Aid Activity database (Creditor Reporting System). For each commitment listed, data are provided on the recipient country, the donor country, the type of aid, the amount committed in US dollars, the purpose description and code, the percentage that is a grant, and whether the commitment has any gender, environmental, or participatory development/good governance aspects.
Aid Activities in Latin America and the Caribbean provides detailed information on individual commitments, i.e. intended disbursements, of foreign aid to the Latin American and Caribbean countries for the year 2003. This yearly publication records the commitments reported by countries represented in the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) and by multilateral institutions to the CRS Aid Activity database (Creditor Reporting System). For each commitment listed, data are provided on the recipient country, the donor country, the type of aid, the amount committed in US dollars, the purpose description and code, the percentage that is a grant, and whether the commitment has any gender, environmental, or participatory development/good governance aspects.
This ECMT Round Table features four papers: The European Market for Airline Transportation and Multimodalism, The Role of Airports in the Transport Chain, Airport Systems and Connectivity, and Airports as Multimodal Interchange Nodes - The Example of London Heathrow. These papers discuss how the requirements of ensuring efficient land transport connectivity depend on the market structure of the airline industry and its impact on the airport network.